Marielle Ruby D.

Benito April 14, 2021

Math 103 – Plane and Solid Geometry
Readings in Congruent Triangles and Congruency Postulates and Theorems
Congruency – means that two things are the same in shapes and sizes.
Congruent Triangles are two triangles having the same size regardless of its orientation.
Example Illustrations:

AND

Let us try to label each of the triangles.

Triangle 1. Triangle 2.

And

Then, let us determine the congruency.

Side AB is equal to Side XY, AC is equal to XZ, and BC is equal to YZ.

The blue mark represents the corresponding sides that are similar.
To write the congruency of the two triangles from the given example above, we have
Triangle ABC is congruent to Triangle XYZ. In symbols, it is written as ΔABC ≅ ΔXYZ.
Congruence Postulates and Theorems
SSS Postulate or Side-Side-Side Postulate
Example of Illustration:
Triangle 1. Triangle 2.

In SSS Postulate, the congruence of two triangles is determined through having the
same measurement of the sides of both triangles.

Side AB and side DE are the same, side BC and side EF, and side AC and side DF.

In writing the congruency according to SSS Postulate, ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF.

In other words, in SSS postulate, the congruency is determined through the similarities
of the sides of both triangles.
SAS Postulate or Side-Angle-Side Postulate
According to SAS Postulate, if the two sides and the included angle in one triangle are
equal to the two sides and the included angle in another triangle, then the two triangles
are congruent.
Example of Illustration:
Side HI and side KL are equal, side HJ and side LM are equal, and the measurement of
angle HJI and the measurement of angle KML are equal. Hence, the two triangles
having the same two sides and included angle are congruent written as ΔHIJ ≅ ΔKLM.

ASA Postulate or Angle-Side-Angle Postulate

The Angle-Side-Angle Postulate (ASA) states that if two angles and the included side of
one triangle are congruent to two angles and the included side of another triangle, then
the two triangles are congruent.

Example of Illustration:

The red line indicates the side of the triangle. The single and double-arc of one triangle
indicates the corresponding angle which is similar to the other triangle.
Side AB and side ED are the same. The measurement of angle BAC and the
measurement of angle EDF (indicated by the single arc) are the same. The
measurement of angle ABC and DEF are the same, as well. Hence, triangle ABC is
congruent to triangle DEF written as ΔABC ≅ ΔDEF.
AAS Postulate or Angle-Angle-Side Postulate
AAS stands for "angle, angle, side" and means that we have two triangles where we
know two angles and the non-included side are equal. If two angles and the non-
included side of one triangle are equal to the corresponding angles and side of
another triangle, the triangles are congruent.
Example of Illustration:

Side KL is equal to side ST. Measurement of angle LKM is equal to the measurement of
angle SUT. Measurement of angle KLM is equal to the measurement of angle TSU.
Hence, triangle KLM and triangle STU are congruent, written as ΔKLM ≅ ΔSTU.

H-L or Hypotenuse-Leg Theorem

The hypotenuse leg theorem is a criterion used to prove whether a given set of right
triangles are congruent. The hypotenuse leg (HL) theorem states that; a given set of
triangles are congruent if the corresponding lengths of their hypotenuse and one leg are
equal.
NOTE: Hypotenuse-Leg Theorem only applies on RIGHT TRIANGLES.
Example of Illustration:

In a triangle, there is an adjacent, hypotenuse, and the opposite. In

determining the congruence according to HL theorem, the Hypotenuse
(opposite to the right angle) and the Opposite of a triangle must be in the
same measurement as the other triangle to make it congruent. Above, Side
AB and side XZ are the same which are both hypotenuses, side AC and
side YZ are the same in length which meets the criterion or congruency
according to Hypotenuse-Leg theorem. Hence, Triangle ABC and triangle
XYZ are congruent or ΔABC ≅ ΔXYZ.