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Similar triangles are the triangles that have corresponding sides in proportion to each other and corresponding
angles equal to each other. Similar triangles look the same but the sizes can be different. In general, similar
triangles are different from congruent triangles. There are various methods by which we can find if two
triangles are similar or not. Let us learn more about similar triangles and their properties along with a few
solved examples.
We use the "∼" symbol to represent the similarity. So, if two triangles are similar, we show it as △QPR ∼
△XYZ
And we can say that by the AA similarity criterion, △ABC and △EGF are similar or △ABC ∼ △EGF.
⇒AB/EG = BC/GF = AC/EF and ∠A = ∠E.
Click here to understand AA Similarity Criterion in detail- AA similarity criterion
And we can say that by the SAS similarity criterion, △ABC and △DEF are similar or △ABC ∼ △DEF.
SSS or Side-Side-Side Similarity Criterion
According to the SSS similarity theorem, two triangles will the similar to each other if the
corresponding ratio of all the sides of the two triangles are equal. This criterion is commonly used when we
only have the measure of the sides of the triangle and have less information about the angles of the triangle.
And we can say that by the SSS similarity criterion, △PQR and △EDF are similar or △PQR ∼ △EDF.
Step 1: Note down the given dimensions of the triangles (corresponding sides or corresponding angles).
Step 2: Check if these dimensions follow any of the conditions for similar triangles theorems (AA, SSS,
SAS).
Step 3: The given triangles, if satisfy any of the similarity theorems, can be represented using the "∼" to
denote similarity.
Example: Check if △ABC and △PQR are similar triangles or not using the given data: ∠A = 65°, ∠B = 70º and
∠P = 70°, ∠R = 45°.
Solution:
Using the given measurement of angles, we cannot conclude if the given triangles follow the AA similarity
criterion or not. Let us find the measure of the third angle and evaluate.
We know, using angle sum property of a triangle, ∠C in △ABC = 180° - (∠A + ∠B) = 180° - 135° = 45°
Similarly, ∠Q in △PQR = 180° - (∠P + ∠R) = 180° - 115° = 65°
Therefore, we can conclude that in △ABC and △PQR, ∠A = ∠Q, ∠B = ∠P, and ∠C = R
⇒ △ABC ∼ △QPR
They are represented using the They are represented using the symbol
symbol is ‘~’. For example, Similar is ‘≅’. For example, Congruent
triangles ABC and XYZ will be triangles ABC and XYZ will be
represented as, △ABC ∼ △XYZ represented as, △ABC ≅ △QPR
AP and DQ are medians in the two triangles respectively. Show that AP/BC = DQ/EF
Solution:
∠B=∠E
Also,
ΔABP∼ΔDEQ
Thus, the sides of these two triangles will be respectively proportional, and so:
AB/DE = AP/DQ
⇒AP/BC = DQ/EF
Hence proved.
Example 2: James is 140 in tall. He is standing 320 in away from a lamp post. His shadow from the
light is 80 inches long. How high is the lamp post?
Solution:
Therefore,
AB/140 = (320+80)/80
AB/140 = 5
AB = 700
Q2.
If only two corresponding sides of a triangle are proportional to another triangle, then we can say that
the triangles are similar by SS criterion. TRUE/FALSE.