Congruent Triangles

● Triangle Congruence
● Proving Triangles
● Triangle Congruence Theorems

Reporters: Branzuela, Gabe Angelo L.

Rivero, JM L.
Objectives
❖ To learn about what makes two triangles congruent
❖ To learn about how to prove two triangles are congruent
❖ To solve for the congruence of triangles through Triangle
Congruence Theorems
❖ To prove statements that coincide with the congruence of the
triangles
❖ To solve for the congruence of triangles using Two-Column
Triangle Proofs
What is Triangle Congruence?
 Triangle Congruence

It is defined as the shared identical measurements of the structure of two triangles.

Two triangles are said to be congruent if all three corresponding sides are equal in
length and all the three corresponding angles are equal in measure.

Congruent triangles have both the same shape and the same size.
Examples in length:

1. 2.
1cm 1.5cm
2cm 2cm
1cm 1cm
1.5cm
1cm
2cm
1cm
2cm 1.5cm

These triangles are congruent because all of

Unlike the first example, these triangles
their corresponding sides are of the same
aren’t congruent because their
length. The only difference is their
corresponding sides aren’t of the same
orientation of their shape.
length.
Examples in triangle congruence in Angles:

3. 65° 4. 92°
65°
44°

65° 50°
44° 44°
50° 65°
68°
68°

These triangles are congruent because all of Unlike the previous example, these triangles
their corresponding angles are of the same are not congruent because the measure of
measure. The only difference is the their corresponding angles are not all the
orientation of their shape. same.
Indicators and Notes for Triangle Congruence

❖ If all corresponding sides’ length are the same, all of their corresponding angles’ measure are the same, which
all means they are congruent to one another.
This indicator cannot be done in vice versa, in which if all of their corresponding angles are the same, all of their corresponding sides are
the same, which only works in some cases.

❖ If two triangles are connected or share by a line (side) , that shared line (side) is automatically congruent
between the triangles.
If you are solving two triangles that are merged into one, it might be easier for you to solve if you separate the triangles

❖ If two triangles are connected or share by a midpoint, there exists a vertical angle between two corresponding
angles that border it, making the angles congruent.
This only works if the triangles are on opposite sides of each other. If they are on the same side, the midpoint acts only to connect and
divide the bordering side of each triangle.

❖ If two triangles are connected by a line or a midpoint, and two sides of the two triangles are said to be
parallel to one another, the corresponding angles between the parallel sides and the connecting line between
the two parallel lines are congruent to one another.
Symbols and Illustrations

Symbol Meaning Example

≅ Is Congruent to Angle ABC ≅ Angle BAC

∠ Angle ∠CAB

△ Triangle △ABC

∡ The measured angle of ∡A

Illustration Meaning Examples

To show the length of one specific side of a

polygon

To show the measure of one specific angle

of a polygon

To show if one side is parallel to another

side
What is Proving Triangles?
 Proving Triangles

It is the step-by-step process of solving and identifying whether two

triangles are congruent through measurements, and observations. The
Two-Column Triangle Proofs is a method of proving triangles.
This process can be simplified by using triangle congruence theorems.
What are Triangle Congruence Theorems?
Triangle Congruence Theorems

These are applied when we have much information about the similarities of the
congruence of two triangles.

These help in proving if a triangle is congruent or not.

 Ways to prove Triangles are Congruent:
(Triangle Congruence Theorems)

SSS Three pairs of

(Side-Side-Side) congruent sides.

SAS Two sides and an

(Side-Angle-Side) included angle.

ASA Two angles and an

(Angle-Side-Angle) included side.
 Ways to prove Triangles are Congruent:
(Triangle Congruence Theorems)

AAS Two angles and a side

(Angle-Angle-Side) opposite them.

HL The hypotenuse and any

(Hypotenuse-Leg) one leg of a right
triangle.
Side-Side-Side (SSS)

This theorem states that if all three sides of one triangle are equal to all three corresponding sides
of another triangle, the two triangles are said to be congruent.

The orientation of the triangle does not change the measurement of the triangle’s sides, rather, the
size of the triangle affects the measure of the triangle’s sides.

Example:

D F
B Side AB ≅ Side EF
Side AC ≅ Side DF
Side BC ≅ Side DE

C E △ABC ≅ △DEF through SSS

A
Side-Angle-Side (SAS)

This theorem states that if two sides and the angle formed by these two sides are equal to two sides
and the included angle of another triangle, then these triangles are said to be congruent.

The position of the congruent angle is directly in between the two congruent sides.

Example:

K Side GH ≅ Side JK
H
∠HGI ≅ ∠KJL
Side GI ≅ Side JL
∠HGI in between Sides GH and JK
∠KJL in between Sides JK and JL
G L
I J △GHI ≅ △JKL through SAS
Angle-Side-Angle (ASA)

This theorem states that if two angles of one triangle, and the side between these two angles, are
respectively equal to the two angles and the side between the angles of another triangle, then the
two triangles are said to be congruent

The position is like the previous theorem, but in reverse, the congruent side is in between of the
two congruent angles.

Example:
∠NMO ≅ ∠QPR
N Q Side MN ≅ Side PQ
∠ONM ≅ ∠RQP
Side MN in between ∠NMO and ∠ONM
Side PQ in between ∠QPR and ∠RQP
M O P R
△MNO ≅ △PQR through ASA
Angle-Angle-Side (AAS)

This theorem states that if two angles of a triangle with a non-included side are equal to the
corresponding angles and non-included side of the other triangle, they are considered to be
congruent.

The congruent side is not in between 2 of the congruent angles, and is instead on the other sides of
the triangle that no 2 congruent angles share.

Example:

X V ∠STU ≅ ∠VWX
∠SUT ≅ ∠VXW
T Side SU ≅ Side VX
W Side SU not in between ∠STU and ∠SUT
S Side VX not in between ∠VWX and ∠VXW
U
△STU ≅ △VWX through AAS
Hypotenuse-Leg (HL)

This theorem, which is for right triangles only, states that if the hypotenuse and a leg of one right
triangle are congruent to the hypotenuse and a leg of the other right triangle, they are congruent.

This theorem can be substituted with the SSS Postulate as they identify only the sides of a triangle,
but SSS cannot be substituted with this theorem as not every triangle is a right triangle.

Example:

X A
90 degree angles = Both triangles are Right Triangles
Hypotenuse YZ is shared by both triangles
Leg XY ≅ Leg AZ

△XYZ ≅ △ZAX through HL

Y Z
Why there are no SSA and AAA Theorems?

For SSA, when we construct triangles that have 2 congruent sides and 1 congruent angle, the
result would be two non congruent triangles.

For AAA, when we construct triangles with 3 congruent angles, the result would be two non
congruent but similar triangles, meaning they have the same shape but size varies between the
two.
What are Two-Column Triangle Proofs?
Two-Column Triangle Proofs

❖ Is a detailed step-by-step explanation of proving two triangles congruent consisting of two columns. In the left column
you write statements that lead to what you want to prove. In the right hand column, you write reasons for each step
you take. Most proofs begin with the “given” information, and the conclusion is the statement you are trying to prove.
We can use the 5 triangle congruence theorems to prove at the end of the solving.

Example: Prove △CDE ≅ △FDG | Given: Point D is the midpoint of the two triangles

F Statements Reasons

Point D is the midpoint of Line EF and Line Given

CG
C
D Side ED ≅ Side DF ; Side CD ≅ Side DG Midpoint of a segment
divides it into two congruent
segments
G
∠CDE ≅ ∠FDG Vertical Angles are
Congruent

E △CDE ≅ △FDG SAS Theorem

Summary

❖ Two triangles are said to be congruent if their three corresponding sides are all the same length
and their three corresponding angles are all the same measure.

❖ Proving triangles is a step-by-step process of solving and identifying whether two triangles are
congruent through measurements and observations.

❖ The 5 triangle congruence theorems (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, & HL) can be applied when we have
much information about the similarities of the congruence of two triangles.

❖ Two-Column Triangle Proofs is a method of proving triangles. It Is a detailed step-by-step

explanation of proving two triangles congruent consisting of two columns, the statements column
on the left, and the reasons column on the right.
 Short Activity
True or False

1. If two triangles have all of their corresponding angles have the same measure,
the triangles are always congruent.
Ans: False
2. Two triangles that have 1 congruent corresponding side in between
2 congruent corresponding angles, they are proven congruent through the ASA
Theorem.
Ans: True
3. Most 2-Column triangle proofs begin with the “given” information, and the
conclusion is the statement you are trying to prove.

Ans: True

4. Congruent triangles don’t have the same shape and size.

Ans: False

5. The AAS Theorem states that if two triangles that have 2 congruent
corresponding angles and 1 congruent corresponding side that is between the two
angles, they are considered to be congruent.
Ans: False
 Quiz Time!!!!
5 Items | 1 min per item | 30 sec review per item
A. Multiple Choice (Write the LETTER ONLY) (1pts if correct) (0.5 if wrong)

1. Triangle Congruence

Two triangles are said to be if their three corresponding sides are all the same length
and their three corresponding (p 1)____ are all the same measure.

Triangle Congruence Theorems

These are applied when we have much information about the similarities of the
congruence of two (p 2)____.

A. Angles ; Sides
B. Triangles ; Angles
C. Sides ; Triangles
D. Angles ; Triangles
A. Multiple Choice (Write the LETTER ONLY) (1pts if correct) (0.5 if wrong)

2. It is the step-by-step process of solving and identifying whether two triangles are
congruent through measurements, and observations.

A. Triangles Proven
B. Proving Angles
C. Proving Triangles
D. Improvement of Triangles

3. Is a detailed step-by-step explanation of proving two triangles congruent consisting

of two columns.

A. One-Column Triangle Proofs

B. Two-Column Triangle Proofs
C. Three-Column Triangle Proofs
D. Four-Column Triangle Proofs
B. Enumeration (1pt If correct, 0.5pts if not correct)

4. Give ALL 5 Triangle Congruence Theorems (Ex: AAA (Angle-Angle-Angle))

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5. Fill in the missing blank to make the two-column triangle proof complete.

Prove: △IJK ≅ △LKJ

Given: Line/Side JK bisects ∡J and ∡K
∡J ≅ ∡K
I
Statements Reasons

Line/Side JK bisects ∡J and

Given
∡K

J K
∡J ≅ ∡K Given

Because it is shared
Side JK = Side JK
by the triangles

△IJK ≅ △LKJ _________

L
Checking Time 🤯
I hope mana mo
Reference List:

“Side-Side-Side (SSS).” Cuemath, October 8, 2022,

https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/sss/?fbclid=IwAR1Uqd6SNTQ2icIIl6DxZR4gXATREV2mEfHcOrLtj23-EJGRy
WUKL8LAkF0

“Side-Angle-Side (SAS).” Cuemath, October 8, 2022,

https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/sas/?fbclid=IwAR278JwQonX9pF7yijg5vW1bd3t6bmxk-i5eQHe8wTnTeFC6Ja
zlPQtr2Fc

“Angle-Side-Angle (ASA).” Cuemath, October 8, 2022,

https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/angle-side-angle/?fbclid=IwAR0iPOIvQ661Upwf2c7gVFhxXL7Bq8Sdu0i_U8v
h9nRGrZtGAAv3ofNk64g

“Angle-Angle-Side (AAS).” Cuemath, October 8, 2022,

https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/angle-angle-side/?fbclid=IwAR3sgAMB-GedUiLsHNC2339l89M968RNzkvED
kuXQmPqmd4--Z4Zo3I_t3Q

“Hypotenuse-Leg (HL).” Cuemath, October 8, 2022,

https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/hypotenuse-leg-theorem/?fbclid=IwAR3qw7ENGtgmkPH8JxmX0Fwb3adVu0Z
C92Vlifr-Xfri5NJY_mw0HMyWet0
 Thank you for listening! 😎

Made by: Branzuela and Rivero