Biotechnology

8
Biotechnology – Grade 8
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Techniques in Asepsis, Sterilization, and Disinfection.
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self Learning Module

Writer: Wilma Estrella- Lim
Editors: Rogelio P. Pascual
Reviewers: Liza A. Alvarez
Illustrator: Name Edison P. Clet
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Ma. Eva Lou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Aurelio G. Alfonso
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Victor M. Javeña
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon, Ed. D., EPP/TLE

Liza A. Alvarez, Science
Bernard R. Balitao. Araling Panlipunan
Joselito E. Calios, English
Norlyn D. Conde Ed. D., MAPEH
Wilma Q. Del Rosario, LRMS
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera, Ed. D., Filipino
Perlita M. Ignacio, Ph. D. ESP/SPED
Dulce O. Santos, Ed. D., Kinder/ MTB
Teresita P. Tagulao, Ed. D., Mathematics

Printed in the Philippines by (School)

Department of Education – Division of Pasig City
Office Address: Caruncho Avenue, San Nicolas, Pasig City
Contact No. 641-8855/628-2819
E-mail Address: divisionofpasig@gmail.com
 Biotechnology 8
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 4
Techniques in Asepsis,
Sterilization, & Disinfection.

Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Biotechnology 8) Self Learning Module on (Techniques in Asepsis,

Sterilization, and Disinfection.)!

This Self Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge
Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Eva Lou Concepcion A. Agustin in
partnership with the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable
Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the (Biotechnology 8) Self-Learning Module on (Techniques in
Asepsis, Sterilization and Disinfections)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after

completing the lessons in the module

Pretest - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to
be mastered throughout the lesson. 

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson - This section will discuss the topic for this module. 

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of

the lessons.

Valuing - This part will check the integration of values in the learning
competency.

Post test - This will measure how much you have learned from the
Entire module.

EXPECTATIONS
 This module is designed and written to help you study the lesson on the
Techniques in Asepsis, Sterilization and Disinfection. It is here to help you
master the lesson on the different techniques in asepsis, sterilization and disinfection which are
very important in real life situations. It has prepared to provide activities for
reinforcement, strengthening and enriching knowledge and skills
The skills in this module cover all the most essential learning competencies
in the list issued by the Department of Education.
This module uses different and interesting approaches, strategies, and
techniques to further hone scientific understanding of the learners.

This module focuses on the techniques in asepsis, sterilization and disinfection.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the techniques in asepsis, sterilization, and disinfection;
2. identify the materials needed in asepsis, sterilization and disinfection;
3. differentiate and explain the protocols for laboratory experiments; and
4. give the importance of these procedures and or techniques in asepsis,
sterilization and disinfection in real life situations.

PRETEST

Modified True or False:

Write the word True if the statement is correct and write False if the statement
is incorrect and rewrite the correct answer from the false statement.

______1. Aseptic techniques are an effort to keep the client free from exposure
causing
to pathogenics infection.
_______2. Aseptic techniques are used to prevent from introduction or spread of
pathogens from the environment to the patient.
_______3. Disinfection techniques refer to the procedure used to keep the object or
free from area sterile from microorganisms.
_______4. Asepsis refers to germ free condition.
_______5. PPE stands for protective personal enlistment materials.

RECAP
 In our previous lessons we were able to discuss the different areas or
discipline in Biotechnology. Can you cite at least one color or field of
endeavor which is remarkable to you? Why? Why do you say so?
I know it is too early to say but at least you can imagine what would it
be like in the future? a geneticist? A forensic expert? Medical Technologists
or a Biotechnologist?
Hmmn.. quite interesting to think! Do you agree?

LESSON

What is interesting to know about Biotechnology is that you will learn and at
the same time experience different techniques and processes for our practical use.

It is very timely to tackle today since COVID-19 is IN and hopefully pandemic

is OUT. Listen carefully and equipped yourselves in dealing with highly contagious
organisms which are invisible to our naked eyes. Definitely each once of us will be
needing to do this and share this to your family, relatives and friends.

Asepsis means 'freedom from infectious material'. Aseptic technique aims

to prevent pathogenic organisms, in sufficient quantity to cause infection, from
being introduced to susceptible sites.

TYPES OF ASEPSIS

1. Medical Asepsis reduces number of pathogens. It is also called clean

technique. It is used in administration of enemas, tube feedings and daily
hygiene specifically handwashing.
2. Surgical Asepsis is to eliminate pathogens, referred to as sterile technique
used in dressing changes, catheterizations and surgical procedures,

Sterilizations Sterile conditions, meaning ‘free from microorganisms’, are not

possible to achieve in a typical healthcare setting. The commonly used term, ‘sterile
technique’ is therefore often applied inaccurately. Our aim in performing procedures is
aseptic technique, preventing contamination of susceptible open or broken wounds,
surgical or intravenous access sites and parts of the procedure equipment or solutions
that must remain aseptic throughout clinical procedures.
Intact patient skin should be prepared with 60%-80% ethanol (or locally
recommended antimicrobial) and all wounds should be irrigated with running tap water
(aseptic but not sterile) or sterile saline.

Disinfection is the process of cleaning something, especially with a chemical, in

order to destroy bacteria.
TECHNIQUES of DISiNFECTION

1. ASEPTIC means necessary infection control measure to prevent pathogenic

microorganisms on hands, surfaces or equipments from being introduced
into susceptible sites during clinical practices.
2. CLEAN a method involving hand decontamination, maintaining a clean
environment, clean or non-sterile instruments and prevention of direct
contamination of materials and supplies.
3. NO TOUCH a method of manipulation of invasive devices or without directly
touching the wound, device or any surfaces that may come in contact with
those sites.

Watch this short minute video. Click on the link below.

https://youtu.be/9Jo4U-psc3Y https://youtu.be/wzQ8NJg98lo
KINDS OF ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
1. Micro ANT Technique - For many procedures there are no key parts or only
small (“micro”) key parts which are protected by sterile syringe caps, sheathed
needles, covers or packaging. A clean area and non-sterile gloves are sufficient
for these procedures. Sterile micro key parts form micro aseptic fields and if non-
touch technique of key parts is applied aseptic technique is simplified.
(e.g. Back slab application, Cannula insertion).

2. Macro ANT Technique - Procedures that are technically complex may include
large open key sites or numerous key parts which must be touched by hand. To
counter these risks, the working field must be managed as a key part and a
formal aseptic field (sterile drape) and sterile gloves are required. Hand
hygiene is also increased to the use of surgical scrub with running water.
Micro aseptic fields and non-touch technique should still be utilized where
practical to do so. (e.g. Central venous access).

Aseptic fields provide working space ensuring the integrity of asepsis

during procedures. Aseptic fields large enough to come contact the
proceduralists body require a sterile gown. Aseptic fields increase in size
depending on the complexity of the procedure and the proficiency of the
provider performing the procedure. (i.e. highly skilled practitioners require
less working space and margin for error and require smaller aseptic fields).
LABORATORY MATERIALS & EQUIPMENTS
1. Personal Protective Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to barriers used to protect mucous
membranes, airways, skin and clothing from contact with infectious agents. PPE
provides protection for the proceduralists and patient.
Protecting yourself (Proceduralists)
2. Non-sterile gloves
Gloves are worn for all procedures due to risk of exposures to blood, body
substances, secretions and excretions
3. Aprons
 Worn if increased risk of contamination of clothing with blood, body substances,
and infectious material thought
4. Surgical mask
Worn for procedures that generate splashes or sprays of blood, body
substances, secretions or excretions
5. P2 respirator mask
Worn for procedures that may aerosolize particles when the patient’s infectious
status is unknown
6. Protective eyewear or face shield
Worn for procedures that generate splashes or sprays of blood, body
substances, secretions or excretions
Protecting the patient
1. Sterile gloves
Worn for Macro ANT Technique (hand contact with sterile parts or sites is
possible during asepsis)
2. Sterile surgical gown
Worn for Macro ANT Technique (body contact with sterile parts or sites is
possible during asepsis)
3. Surgical mask
Worn for Macro ANT Technique (Prevent proceduralist respiratory droplets in
aseptic field)
4. Sterile US cover and gel
Used for Micro & Macro ANT Technique (Probe contact with sterile parts or sites
is possible during asepsis)
Emergency procedures:
For time critical emergency procedures, the increased risk to the patient from
infection using non-aseptic technique may be small compared to the risk of delaying
the procedure for even a few seconds (e.g. Surgical cricothyroidotomy, Thoracotomy in
cardiac arrest from penetrating chest trauma). However, the risks of sharps injuries
and exposure to body fluids to the proceduralist increases in high pressure situations.
In these situations, cleaning and the preparation of sterile fields are not required but
the important of PPE and safe handling, disposal and communication of sharps
increases in importance.
 Figure 1 Aseptic Technique

Figure 2 Process Diagram of Aseptic and Sterile Techniques

 ACTIVITIES

Let us explore!

This activity is to describe the techniques, and processes in sterilization, disifection

and asepsis. To be aware and can easily recognized infectious organisms we are
always exposed into causing diseases. Nowadays, during pandemic we are
susceptible to have any forms of diseases this activity will gauge you to prevent
from harmful and high-risk infections.
Highly contagious! Excellent, preventive and appropriate awareness.

Activity No. 1: HANDS OFF PLS.!

Objective:
1. To describe the techniques, processes involving asepsis, sterilization and
disinfections.
2. To be aware and can easily recognized highly infectious organisms that
causes diseases.
Materials:
Ballpen, paper, paste glue and scissors colored magazines, medical journals or
illustrated magazines.
Procedure:
1. Describe the techniques based on the pictures given as to medical asepsis
(MA) or surgical asepsis SA) use colored magazines to make a simple collage
to represent the 3 techniques.
2. Classify the techniques into three category and put it inside the blank
rectangular box.
3. Label your materials and write below a brief description.
4. Say you are one of the medical practitioners or proceduralists make your
own dedicated room for the three techniques.
 Sterile Technigues
Aseptic Techniques

Disinfection Techniques
Guide Questions:
1. How will you describe aseptic, sterile and disinfection techniques based on
your self-made quarantine room?
2. How does it feel to be a real nurse, doctors in your own perspective?
3. Do you think as a biotechnology student it can help you remedy any
situations related to COVID-19? Why do you say so?

Activity No. 2: VIRTUAL or Biotech Lab Corner!

Objective:

To identify and describe the technology and processes, products based on the
pictures below. Use the word pool to choose from the appropriate technology.

Materials:

Ballpen, bond paper ruler and pencil, colored pencil (optional)

Procedure:
1. Look at the figures on the preliminary pages of this self-learning modules.
Read it carefully, analyze the figures keenly.
2. Draw or sketch the three 3 techniques in medical and surgical asepsis.
3. Use your creativity in illustrating the medical emergency room or medical
laboratory.
4. It is not necessary to have a very explicit drawings a simple sketch will do to
represent three scenarios of this medical and surgical procedures as if you
are one of them.
5. Label your sketch properly.
Questions:

1. What are the steps in Asepsis, sterilization and disinfection?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Why do the techniques and processes important at home and in a controlled

environment? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.
3. Given the protocols in asepsis. Describe briefly how this technique or
procedure may help us prevent from the spread of Corona Virus.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.

Activity 3: GUESS WHAT FAK (First Aid Kit) AM I?

Objective:

1. To be able to identify the materials used in the laboratory.

2. Name the materials used in asepsis, sterilization and disinfections.

Materials:

Ball pen, paper, pictures of materials used in asepsis, sterilization and

disinfections.

Procedure:

1. Identify the name of materials and write it on the space provided each
number below.
2. Classify the materials as to aseptic technique or sterile technique
3. Write AT or ST opposite the identified materials.
4. Differentiate aseptic from sterile techniques.
__________________ __________________ _________________ __________________
1 2 3 4

__________________ __________________ _________________ __________________

5 6 7 8

WRAP-UP
Instructions: Answer the following questions by completing the provided
lines spaces below. As Biotechnology learners you have to apply what you
have learned in this module. Your acquired skills may benefit you and your
family as well.

Guide Questions:

What will I do?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Why I must do?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

How will I apply?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 VALUING
What have you learned from our lesson today? Do you think you can apply the
techniques and processes? Why do you say so? How can you apply the 3
techniques in real life situations specially during pandemics?
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Write your own reflective
experience in this lesson.

POSTTEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on separate sheet of paper.

Modified True or False:

Write the word True if the statement is correct and write False if the statement
is incorrect and rewrite the correct answer from the false statement.

_______1. Aseptic techniques are used to prevent from introduction or spread of

pathogens from the environment to the patient.
_______2. Aseptic techniques are an effort to keep the client free from exposure
causing to infection- causing pathogens.
_______3. PPE stands for protective personal enlistment materials.
_______4. Asepsis refers to germ free condition.
_______5. Disinfection techniques refer to the procedure used to keep the object or
free from area sterile from microorganisms.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Pre-test: Post- test:

1. True 1. True
2. True 2. True
3. False-sterile technique 3. True
4. True 4. False Personal Protective
Equipment
5. False – Personal Protective Equipment 5. False – sterile techniques
Difference between asepsis, sterilization and disinfection

https://youtu.be/9Jo4U-psc3Y
https://youtu.be/wzQ8NJg98lo

REFERENCES

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Pasig

City

Caruncho Avenue, San Nicolas, Pasig City

Contact No.: (632) 8641-8885

Email Address: divisionofpasig@gmail.com