TLE REVIEWER

BY MATEO DALISAY

Structure of the nail ― The nail (onyx) is part of the integumentary system of the human body. The nail
plate is only one of the parts that constitute a complete nail unit.

A natural nail’s parts:

Matrix- is the base part or the root of the nail where the nail plate cells and the nail itself grow.
Nail Plate- is part of a nail that is situated at the end of a finger or toe.
Free Edge- is a part of the nail that is located on or beyond the tip of the finger or toe.
Nail Bed- is part of the nail that is composed of living skin which holds up the nail plate as it grows
longer toward the free edge.
Lunula- is a crescent-shaped part of the nail where the matrix and the nail bed meet.
Cuticle- is a semi-transparent scarfskin that envelops the nail and the matrix to shield them from physical
damage.
Mantle- is a pocket-like structure that holds the root and the matrix of a nail.
Eponychium- is the living skin at the base of the nail plate that covers the matrix area of the nail.
Hyponychium- is a thickened layer or scarfskin located under the free edge where the nail bed is
situated.
Nail Groove- lies along the side of the edge of the nail plate.
Nail Wall- is part of the nail that covers the edge of the nail, overlapping the sides and proximal end of
the nail.

NAIL DISORDER
Leukonychia- also known as white spots
Cause: this condition is due to the minor damages in the matrix

disposal of waste
*Dispose of the paraffin wax properly after use
*Water materials should be disposed of properly in a covered trash bin with a polythene bag
*Contaminated waste should be disposed of as recommended by the local authority
*Any tool or equipment in nail care that is in poor condition must immediately be disposed of properly to
avoid transmission of microorganisms
Maintenance of the tools and implements
Cleaning
*Wear gloves to avoid possible contamination of the tools and implements
*Rin all tools and implements with long-running water and wash them with soap
*Rinse away all traces of soap with warm running water
*Dry tools and implements thoroughly with a cleaning or disposable towel
Disinfecting
*Be sure to clean the tools and implements completely before putting them in the disinfectant solution
*Immerse cleansed tools and implements in a disinfection container
*Remove tools and implements
*Dry thoroughly
*Store disinfected tools and implements in a clean dry container until needed
*Remove gloves and wash hands thoroughly with soap

Disinfecting work surfaces

Before beginning every client service all work surfaces must be cleaned and disinfected

Treatment products
*Foot mask the foot mask is a beauty product meant to be coated on the feet after soaking and exfoliation
*Essential oil essential oils can be a great help by adding a few drops to the soaps scrubs and mass used
for the treatment of the skin

Elements of foot spa treatment

*Foot assessment
*Cleaning the feet
*Foot soaking
*Exfoliation
*Treatment products
*Foot massage
*Finishing products

Disinfecting foot spas/ tub

After attending to each customer
*Remove the foreign matters in the foot spa and drain all the water
*Scrub the surfaces of the foot spa with soap and rinse with clean water
*Disinfect with disinfectant that have bactericidal and fungicidal properties
*Rinse and dry with a clean towel
At the end of each day
*Remove and clean the screen of each foot spa
*Wash the screen with soap and chlorine solution with 5% chlorine bleach to 1 gallon of water or just
clean water
*Useless subsiding soap and warm water to flush the system for 10 minutes then rinse dry and air dry

Nail analysis
An analysis of the nail should always be performed prior to service look for disorders and diseases
Shapes of nails: There are five general shapes of nails may be oval, round, square, squoval, or pointed
*Oval nails make the hands appear more feminine
*The square nail is the most common choice that compliments long nail beds as it adds length to the
fingers
*Squoval nail is a shape of a nail that goes with any type of nail bed
*round nails are less apparent and more popular with men
*Pointed shape is not usually seen by it creates length and converse artistry

Materials used for manicures and pedicure

*Absorbent cotton- to remove cosmetics on nails
*Soap- for finger rings
*Warm water- for finger bath
*Towel- for drying and wiping
*Cleansing tissue- for cleaning and drying
*Antiseptic- for minor injuries to the tissue
*Disinfectant- to sanitize implements
*Spatula- to remove cream from jars
*Mending tissue- to repair or cover broken split or torn nails
*Paper towel- for dry on and wiping spills splashes and drips

Nail art design techniques

Nail art involves the use of various techniques free hand, stamping, sponging, water marbling, taping,
and 3d nail art design
Freehand nail design is a technique that involves the painting of the nail where the nail technician can
use different kinds of tools
Nail stamping is an alternative to freehand nail art it uses metal plates and a rubber stamper
The nail sponging technique is the best tool for creating faded and gradient designs on nails
Water marbling is a design technique that involves dipping the nails into the water with nail polish drop
into it
*Free dropping This technique is created by dropping two or more colored nail polish into the water one
color at a time
*Free dragging is created by following the free-dropping technique but patterns can be more complicated
by using tools such as a toothpick
Nail taping involves the use of packaging tape and masking tape where the tapes are used as a stencil

The use of nail embellishments

The 3d nail art design is the application of embellishments in various artistic designs to the fingernail as
well as toenails
There are a huge variety of embellishments that can be applied directly to the nails using up a clear
top coat or nail glue as an adhesive
Stick-on nails are artificial nails that are made out of lightweight plastic plates form like the shape of
nails

Tools used in nail art designs

Nail art brushes
Angled brushes are used for painting borders, small to medium stripes, and fine strokes
The detail brush has short, stiff, and fine tips making it possible to pull off the most intricate designs
Flat brushes are great for short strokes
Fan brush used for blending and layering colors
A Striper brush used to create long straight lines and one stroke
Nail art pens are easier to use to create a freehand nail design
Dotting tools this tool is easy to use and can be used to create flowers, and starry skies and even enhance
designs
Tweezers are multi-multitasking implements
The orangewood stick is used to remove dead cuticle tissue from the nail plate
Abrasives are thin longboards with coarse rough surfaces
Buffer block is another type of abrasive that is employed to smooth out small bumps on the nails before
buffing them to a high-gloss shine
Toothpicks can be used to paint small the supply pieces of glitter on the nail
Cosmetics used in nail art design
Nail art polish comes with a pen striper brush built right into the nails
Gel polish it's a hybrid of traditional nail polish and soak-off gel enhancements
Acrylic paint because acrylic paint can be mixed to create a variety of different colors, it's a cheaper
alternative to nail polish
A base coat is a clear polish applied to the nail before using colored nail polish
The top coat is a clear polish applied over colored polish to prevent keeping and adds a shine to the
finished nail
Nail hardener prevents nails from splitting or peeling
Nail polish dryer is a fine spray that protects the nail against stickiness and dulling
Polish remover/ acetone is a colorless liquid and alcohol used to dissolve and remove nail polish
Nail art designs using the freehand technique:
ladybug
Vintage rose