Biodiversity or Biodiversity is the variety and variation of life on Earth.

Diversity is a measure of genetics

(genetic variation), species (diversity) and environment (diversity). Biodiversity is not distributed
uniformly on Earth; it is usually greater in the tropics due to the hot climate and high production of
areas near the equator. Forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of the Earth's surface and are home to
approximately 90% of the world's species. Water diversity is generally higher along the west coast of the
Pacific, where sea surface temperatures are higher, and in mid-latitudes throughout the ocean. There
are different latitudinal gradients. Different species tend to accumulate in hot areas and increase over
time, but will likely decrease in the future due to deforestation. It includes the evolutionary,
environmental and cultural processes that support life.[2]

It is estimated that more than 99.9% of all species that have ever lived on Earth, or more than five
billion, have become extinct. Estimates of the number of species present in the world range from 10 to
14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been recorded and more than 86% have not been reported.
The total number of DNA pairs combined is estimated at 5.0 x 1037 and weighs 50 billion tons. In
comparison, the total biosphere is estimated at four trillion of carbon. In July 2016, scientists reported
that they had identified 355 genes from the last common ancestor (LUCA) of all living things on Earth.