See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/346092382

Tourism Management 88 POTENTIAL FOR RURAL TOURISM -KOLLI HILLS (TN)

Chapter · November 2020

CITATIONS READS
0 127

1 author:

Kumaran Subbaraman
Alliance University
47 PUBLICATIONS   2 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Tourism Management View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Kumaran Subbaraman on 23 November 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 POTENTIAL FOR RURAL TOURISM – KOLLI HILLS (TN)

1. Introduction

Rural tourism is visiting rural products like historical, heritage, natural based, medication based, religious
based, cultural based and man made by urban tourists. Rural tourism have got a great potential with
respect to development of tourism, also if certain constraint are removed this could be developed to their
fullest excellent. All of them religious and historical type of rural tourism products are give much space
for rural development.

After independence government was focusing on development of the key areas like agriculture, industry,
infrastructure, etc in rural India. Tourism was never seen as a potential business, it was growing at its
own space. Although tourism has started receiving some attention from last decade, but rural tourism
was never given any priority. Worldwide tourism is ranked second highest revenue-generating industry
next to the oil industry. It is necessary to differentiate between different type of tourists to understand
and analyse their purpose of visit. There are different ways to attract domestic and foreign tourists, we
need to understand what types of services are required to attract and retain the customers. There is a
large potential market for rural tourism for especially for foreign tourists, which has not yet developed
because government has not taken up any systematic approach to attract foreign tourists. Rural tourism
will bring people of different cultures, faiths, languages and life-styles close to one another and it will
provide a broader outlook of life.

Tourism in India is a large industry. The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism
generated $121 billion or 6.4% of the nation's GDP in 2011. It was responsible for 39,3 million jobs,
7.9% of its total employment. The GDP of the tourism sector has expanded 229% between 1990 and
2011. The sector is predicted to grow at an average annual rate of 7,7% in the next decade. In a 2011
forecast the World Travel and Tourism Council predicted the annual growth to be 8,8% between 2011
and 2021. This gave India the fifth rank among countries with the fastest growing tourism
industry. India has a large medical tourism sector which is expected to grow at an estimated rate of
30% annually to reach about 9,500 crore by 2015.
Tourism Management 88
In the year 2011, there were nearly 6.29 million foreign tourist arrivals in India, up by over 8% from the
year 2010 when 5.78 million foreign tourists arrived in India. Domestic tourist visits to all states
and Union Territories numbered 747.70 million. The majority of foreign tourists come from the United
States (16%) and the United Kingdom (12,6%). In 2011 Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Delhi were the
most popular states for foreign tourists. Domestic tourists visited the states Uttar Pradesh, Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu most frequently.i

The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the
process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various
Central Ministries/agencies, state governments, Union Territories and the representatives of the private
sector. Concerted efforts are being made to promote new forms of tourism such as rural, cruise, medical
and eco-tourism. The Ministry also maintains the Incredible India campaign.

2. Kolli Hills in Tamilnadu

Kolli Hills or Kolli Malai is a small mountain range located in central Tamil Nadu in Namakkal district
of India and famous for hill tourism. The mountains are about 1000 to 1300 m in height and cover an
area of approximately 280 km². The Kolli Hills has 70 hair pin bends to reach the top of the hills. The
Kolli Hills are part of the Eastern Ghats, which is a mountain range that runs mostly parallel to the east
coast of South India. The mountains are relatively untouched by commercial tourism and still retain their
natural beauty. The Mountain is named Kolli Malai behind the name of Goddess Ettukkai
Amman(KolliPaavai).The Goddess has been guarding the hills from evils and the same is believed even
now.

The hills are said to be guarded by Kollipavai also called as "Ettukkai Amman", the local deity. According
to legend, the sages chose Kolli hills when they were looking for a peaceful place to do their penance.
However, the demons invaded the hills to disrupt the penance when the sages began their rituals. The
sages prayed to Kollipavai, who according to the myth, chased away the demons with her enchanting
smile. The KolliPavai hills is still worshipped by the people here and her smile is revered. The mountains
have several mythological legends associated with them, and often come across as an eerie place in
contemporary tales due to the unexplored and less traveled terrain. even at some places one can hear
the presence of saptha kannigal. this mountain is full of herbs which retains health and vigour

Apart from its historical significance, the mountains are covered with evergreen forests, but increasing
areas of forests have been cleared for farming. Important farm products of the mountain ranges include
coffee, tea, jackfruit, pineapple, black pepper and other spices. Rice and other minor millets form the
staple food of the tribal people who inhabit these mountains. The jackfruit grown on these mountains is
well known for its taste and fragrance and is often soaked in wild honey that is also harvested from these

Tourism Management 89
mountains. The mountains are covered by lush green vegetation in the spring and monsoon, and are
streaked with streams which add to the natural beauty. There are three reserve forests that are
controlled by the Government of Tamil Nadu, namely Ariyur Solai, Kundur Nadu, Pulianjolai.

Two viewpoints - one at Seekuparai and another at Selur Nadu - are being developed to encourage
tourism. The government maintains a pineapple research farm where hybrid varieties are created.
Research about medicinal plants is also pursued on these mountains. The government holds a tourism
festival in August.

Kolli Hills has been the top choice for nature lovers, hiking enthusiasts, trekking clubs and meditation
practitioners among hill stations in Tamil Nadu. In comparison to other hill stations in Tamil Nadu, Kolli
Hills is not commercialized, less polluted and offers unique mountain ranges. Agaya Gangai is the famous
waterfall situated near the Arappaleeswarar temple. Additionally the district administration has recently
developed a botanical garden, Boat house, Cave house, New waterfalls called Masila Falls. The
administration also celebrated "Ori festival" with lot of cultural events.

3.1. Objectives: The specific objectives of the study are:

1) To assess the potential of rural tourism

2) To find out the impact of rural tourism to our society
3) To analyze the perceptions and satisfaction of tourist.
4) To formulate some strategies to develop rural tourism
3.2. Need and significance of the study: The present study has been conducted with tourists visiting
Kolli hills. Though absence of infrastructural facilities is a major drawback for exploiting this potential,
lack of well coordinated and properly directed efforts in marketing is also a reason behind the inability of
the rural tourism industry to mobilise a good number of tourists from within and outside Tamilnadu. Past
studies on the tourism industry in India have focused mainly on how to sell the tourism product. But it is
more important to view it from the tourist’s point of view. This study will help to understand their
perceptions and needs and thus aims to-

• Exploit the full potential of rural tourism

• Improve the image of "rural tourism
• Increase tourist arrivals
• Combat the competition by newly developing tourist destinations

3.3. Nature of the Study: This is an exploratory study which attempts to analyze various factors that
effect rural tourism in Kolli hills with the help of questionnaire. The study basically concentrates on
analyzing a tourist’s needs, preferences, perceptions and satisfaction.

Tourism Management 90
3.4. Scope of the Study: The study is confined to the development and marketing of rural tourism in
Kolli hills. The study analyses the responses provided in the questionnaires by the tourists who have
visited these places. The study analyses perceptions, preferences, satisfactions of respondents.

3.5. Limitations of the Study: The sample size may not be very large to generalize the results.

• The sample may not be a true representative of the entire population.

• It is limited to information provided both by primary and secondary data

3.6. Methodology: Universe of the present study is infinite. It is decided to use convenient sampling
method. Originally it was planned and data was collected from 150 sample respondents. The sample
chosen consisted of 100 sample respondents representing the tourists. Sample respondents comprising
both tourists from different socioeconomic category of society. The empirical data had been collected to
understand the market potential for rural tourism to evaluate its positive and negative impact on the
society, especially in the area of environment, economy and socio-culture. The survey was conducted
using the convenient sampling method. Primary data was collected from 100 respondents by
administering them a detailed questionnaire. The secondary data was collected from different sources like
searching net, traveling authorities, traveling guides.

3.7. Research Design: Two basic techniques are used for research, i.e., observation method and
survey method. The data collection instruments were developed to systematize the collection of data and
to ensure that all the respondents are asked the same questions and in the same order. A sample of 100
respondents was contacted conducted in Kolli hills . The questionnaires were developed with open-ended
and close-ended questions. The questionnaire was personally administered with the respondents.

4. Results and discussions

4.1. Age of the respondents and place of stay

TABLE: 1
AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS AND PLACE OF STAY

Age Place of stay

Hotel Lodges Resorts Guest Houses Relative House Total
Upto 14 4 3 1 0 0 8
15-24 7 6 2 0 0 15
25-44 31 22 4 0 0 57
45-54 3 4 0 7 0 14
55-64 0 0 0 1 0 1
Above 64 0 0 0 5 5
Total 45 35 7 8 5 100
Source: Primary data

From the Table 1.1, it is deduced that out of 100 respondents, 57 respondents fall under the age group
of 25-44, followed by 15 respondents belonging to age group 15-24, and only 5 respondents belong to

Tourism Management 91
the age group above 64. It also highlights that an overwhelming respondents say 45 make their stay in
hotel, 35 of them stay in lodges, and only 5 of the respondents stay in relative house.
4.2 Awareness of cultural tourism and occupation of the respondents:

TABLE: 2
AWARENESS OF CULTURAL TOURISM AND OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Awareness of Occupation of respondents Total

cultural tourism Professionals Business Students Retired
Yes 27 47 0 0 74
No 0 0 17 9 26
Total 100
Source: Primary data

It is deduced from the above table 1.2 that an majority of the respondents are aware of cultural tourism,
and only 26 are unaware. It also highlights that an overwhelming respondents engage in their own
business, 27 of them are professionals.

4.3. Duration of the stay and Income of the Respondents

TABLE: 3
DURATION OF THE STAY AND INCOME OF THE RESPONDENTS

Duration Income Total

Upto 10000 10001-20000 20001-30000 30001 and above
Up to 1 day 12 17 2 0 31
2-3 days 0 20 21 8 49
Above 3 days 0 10 0 10 20
Total 12 47 23 18 100
Source: Primary data

It is deduced from the above table 1.3 that , a majority of the respondents belong to the income group of
Rs 10,001-20,000 , and 18 respondents fall under the income Rs 30,000 and above and only 12
respondents belong to the income upto Rs 10,000. It also describes that a majority of the respondents
say 49 make a stay for 2-3 days, 31 of the respondents stay for one day and only 20 respondents stay
more than 3 days.

4.4 Education of Respondents and awareness on rural tourism

TABLE: 4
EDUCATION OF RESPONDENTS AND AWARENESS ON RURAL TOURISM

Education of the respondents Awareness on Rural tourism Total

Yes No
SSLC 15 0 15
HSC 18 0 18
UG 26 14 40
PG 0 18 18
Others 0 9 9
Total 59 41 100
Source: Primary data

Tourism Management 92
It is deduced from the above table 1.4 that out of 100 respondents, a n overwhelming respondents say
59 are aware on rural tourism, and only 41 of them unaware. It also highlights that a majority of the
respondents say 40 of them are under graduates, 33 of them had their school education and only 18 of
them are post graduates.

4.5 Marital status and travel mode for destination

TABLE: 5
MARITAL STATUS AND TRAVEL MODE FOR DESTINATION

Marital status Travel mode for destination Total

Train Bus Taxi Own car
Married 25 36 5 7 73
Unmarried 5 9 10 3 27
30 45 15 10 100
Source: Primary data

It is inferred from the above table 1.5 that out of 100 respondents, an overwhelming respondents are
married and only 27 of them remain unmarried. It also highlights that a majority of the respondents say
45 of them travel through bus for reaching their destinations, 30 of them through train, 15 of them by
taxi, and only 10 came through their own car.

4.6 Purpose of visit and Gender of respondents:

TABLE: 6
PURPOSE OF VISIT AND GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

Purpose of visit Gender of respondents Total

Male Female
Holiday and sight 61 18 79
seeing
Pilgrimage 7 7 14
Visiting friends 4 3 7
Total 72 28 100
Source: Primary data

I t is inferred from the above table 1.6 that out of 100 respondents, a majority of the respondents are
males and only 28 are females. It also highlights that an overwhelming respondent say 79 arrange tour
for sight seeking and to enjoy their holidays, 14 rest to pilgrimage, and only 7 for visiting their friends
and relatives.

4.7 Opinion about the cost of the facilities

TABLE: 7
OPINION ABOUT THE COST OF THE FACILITIES

OPINION
Total

Rank

Very high (3) High (2) Moderate (1) Low (-1) Very low (-2)
Facilities
r
Numbe

Score

r
Numbe

Score

r
Numbe

Score

r
Numbe

Score

r
Numbe

Score

Accommodation
34 102 45 90 21 21 0 0 0 0 213 1

Tourism Management 93
 Food
22 66 50 100 28 28 0 0 0 0 194 2
Local Transport
25 75 35 70 40 40 0 0 0 0 185 3
Shopping items
15 45 45 90 30 30 10 -10 0 0 155 5
Ayurvedic
massage 18 54 30 60 45 45 7 -7 0 0 152 6
Vehicle entry fee
to falls 20 60 38 76 42 42 0 0 0 0 178 4
Source: Primary data

The cost of the facilities in Kolli hills includes accommodation, food, local transport, shopping, and
ayurvedic massage and vehicle entry fee to waterfalls. The “Accommodation” cost at courtallam scored
highest points (213) and ranks first followed by “Food” cost” (194 points),”Local transport” (185 points),
“Vehicle entry fee to falls” (178 points), “Shopping items” (155 points), and “Ayurvedic massage”(152
points). From the table it is inferred that the cost of accommodation, food and local transport are very
high. And this is due to high local and luxury tax at the service outlets.

4.8 Opinion about the Hotel Services in Kolli Hills:

TABLE: 8
OPINION ABOUT THE HOTEL SERVICES IN KOLLI HILLS

OPINION
Very good (3) Good (2) Moderate (1) Poor (-1) Very poor (-2)

Total

Rank
Services
Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Accommodation 42 126 22 44 20 20 6 -6 8 Score

-16 168 2

House keeping 20 60 20 40 26 26 19 -19 15 -30 77 5

Food 40 120 25 50 20 20 10 -10 5 -10 170 1

Room service 20 60 45 90 15 15 10 -10 10 -20 135 3

Personalised
care 18 54 22 44 43 43 7 -7 10 -20 114 4
Source: Primary data

The Hotel facilities in Kolli hills include Accommodation, House-keeping, Food, Room service and
Personalized care. The “Food” scored highest points (170) and ranks first followed by “Accommodation”
(168 points), “Room service” (135 points), “Personalised care” (114 points), and “House – keeping” ( 77
points).

4.9 Opinion about the tourism places in Kolli Hills:

Tourism Management 94
 TABLE: 9
OPINION ABOUT THE TOURISM PLACES IN KOLLI HILLS

OPINION

Total

Rank
Very good (3) Good (2) Moderate (1) Poor (-1) Very poor (-2)
Places

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score
Seekuparai
view point 28 84 42 84 30 30 0 0 0 0 198 2

Selur nadu
view point 22 66 43 86 35 35 0 0 0 0 187 4

Pine apple
research
farm 20 60 45 90 35 35 0 0 0 0 185 5

Arppaliswara
r temple 12 36 50 100 18 18 10 -10 10 -20 124 7

Agaya gangai
water falls 16 48 60 120 10 10 14 -14 0 0 164 6

Masila water
falls 31 93 54 108 15 15 0 0 0 0 216 1

Botanical
Garden 25 75 45 90 30 30 0 0 0 0 195 3
Source: Primary data

The tourism places in Kolli hills include Seekuparai view point, Selur nadu view point, Pine apple research
farm, Arppaliswarar temple, Agaya gangai water falls, Masila water falls and Botanical Garden. ,Arjuna
penance, The shore temple, Mahisha cave, Open air museum, Tiger’s cave, Pancha pandava rathas and
college sculpture. The tourism place Masila waterfalls” scored highest points (216) and ranks first
followed by “seekuparai view point” (198 points), “Botanical garden” ( 195 points), “Selur nadu view
point” ( 187 points) “Pine apple research farm” ( 185 points), “Agaya gangai water falls” ( 164 points)
and “Arappaliswarar temple” ( 124 points).
4.10 Opinion about the tourism facilities in Kolli Hills:

TABLE: 10
OPINION ABOUT THE TOURISM FACILITIES IN KOLLI HILLS

OPINION
Total

Rank

Very good (3) Good (2) Moderate (1) Poor (-1) Very poor (-2)
Facilities
er
Numb

Score

er
Numb

Score

er
Numb

Score

er
Numb

Score

er
Numb

Score

Scenic beauty 55 165 25 50 20 20 0 0 0 0 235 1

Local
Transport 18 54 30 60 30 30 12 -12 10 -20 136 5

Friendliness &
Hospitality 22 66 34 68 34 34 10 -10 0 0 158 4

Pollution free
area 48 144 28 56 24 24 0 0 0 0 224 2

Disturbance
free 42 126 36 72 12 12 10 -10 0 0 200 3
Source: Primary data

Tourism Management 95
The tourism facilities in Kolli hills include Scenic beauty, Local transport, Frienliness and Hospitality,
Pollution free area and Disturbance free . The tourism facilities “Scenic beauty” scored highest points
(235) and ranks first followed by” Pollution free area” ( 224 points). “ Disturbance free” (200 points), “
Friendliness and hospitality” ( 158 points) and “Local Transport” (136 points).

4.11 Opinion about the Hotel services in Kolli Hills:

TABLE: 11
OPINION ABOUT THE HOTEL SERVICES IN KOLLI HILLS

OPINION

Total

Rank
Very good (3) Good (2) Moderate (1) Poor (-1) Very poor (-2)
Services
Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score

Number

Score
Food 52 156 25 50 23 23 0 0 0 0 229 2
House keeping 20 60 33 66 20 20 23 -23 4 -8 115 5

Tourist guide 20 60 36 72 34 34 10 -10 0 0 156 6

Room service 45 135 35 70 10 10 10 -10 0 0 205 3

Accommodation 56 168 25 50 19 19 0 0 0 0 237 1

Personalised
care 32 96 43 86 15 15 10 -10 0 0 187 4

The Hotel facilities in Kolli hills include Accommodation, House-keeping, Food, Room service, Personalized
care and Tourist guide. The “Accommodation” scored highest points (229) and ranks first followed by
“Food” (229 points), Room service (205 points), Personalized care (187 points), House - keeping ( 115
points) and Tourist Guide ( 156 points).

5. Findings

 Majority of the respondents are fall under the age group of 24-44 and most of them are
preferred to stay in hotels and lodges.
 Majority of the respondents are awared of cultural tourism and only 26 are unawared. It also
highlights that an overwhelming respondents engage in their own business.
 Majority of the respondents belong to the income group of Rs.10,001-20,000 , and it also
describes that a majority of the respondents say 49 make a stay for 2-3 days.
 Out of 100 respondents, a n overwhelming respondents say 59 are awared on rural tourism, and
only 41 of them unaware. It also highlights that a majority of the respondents say 40 of them are
under graduates.
 An overwhelming respondents are married and it also highlights that a majority of the
respondents say 45 of them travel through bus for reaching their destinations.
 An overwhelming respondent say 79 arrange tour for sight seeking and to enjoy their holidays.
 The cost of the facilities in Kolli hills ranked as: “Accommodation” cost scored highest points
(213) and ranks first followed by “Food” cost” (194 points),”Local transport” (185 points),
“Vehicle entry fee to falls” (178 points), “Shopping items” (155 points), and “Ayurvedic

Tourism Management 96
 massage”(152 points). From the table it is inferred that the cost of accommodation, food and
local transport are very high. And this is due to high local and luxury tax at the service outlets.
 The Hotel facilities in Kolli hills ranked as: “Food” scored highest points (170) and ranks first
followed by “Accommodation” (168 points), “Room service” (135 points), “Personalised care”
(114 points), and “House – keeping” ( 77 points).
 The opinion about tourism places in Kolli hills ranked as: The tourism place Masila water falls”
scored highest points (216) and ranks first followed by “seekuparai view point” (198 points),
“Botanical garden” ( 195 points), “Selur nadu view point” ( 187 points) “Pine apple research
farm” ( 185 points), “Agaya gangai water falls” ( 164 points) and “Arappaliswarar temple” ( 124
points).
 The tourism facilities in Kolli hills ranked as: “Scenic beauty” scored highest points (235) and
ranks first followed by” Pollution free area” ( 224 points). “ Disturbance free” (200 points), “
Friendliness and hospitality” ( 158 points) and “Local Transport” (136 points).
 The Hotel facilities in Kolli hills ranked as: “Accommodation” scored highest points (229) and
ranks first followed by “Food” (229 points), Room service (205 points), Personalized care (187
points), House - keeping ( 115 points) and Tourist Guide ( 156 points).

6. Suggestions

 There should be exclusive website on Kolli hills, which depicts information like accommodation
facilities in different type of hotels, Food and beverage details, information about waterfalls and
their photos, the price and testimonials.
 An exclusive information centre should be created at Bus stand and Railway station to facilitate
the tourist to have successful tourism plan.
 To increase the length of the stay, attractive tourism packages should be designed.
 The basic infrastructure components like roads, electricity, waterways, water supply, drainage,
sewerage, solid waste disposal system and services and facilities like accommodation,
restaurants, recreational facilities and shopping facilities in Kolli hills are to be developed to
attract more tourists.
 Cleanliness and hygiene should be maintained at Hotels, restaurants, waterfalls, Bus stand, and
other tourism spots in Kolli hills.
 Food courts at waterfalls area are to be opened and accommodation facilities also can be
developed near waterfalls area.
 Toilet facilities at bus stand, market place, waterfalls areas have to be provided for the tourists.
 Local transportation facilities could get improved and all the waterfalls should have bus
connectivity to facilitate the tourist for easy access.
 Ban on polythene bags and plastic materials usage within Kolli hills should be get implemented
immediately. Because it endangering the environment.
 In order to attract more tourists the government should take initiatives to promote New Resorts
and Hotels on hills side.
 Advertisement hoardings in major cities and towns in Tamilnadu as well as other states have to
be installed to familiarize the destination.

Conclusion

Through proper marketing plan, environmental management, local people participation and effective
implementation of above suggestions, a realistic rural tourism development will takes place. Rural tourism
development in kolli hills will prevent migration of rural people to urban and can help inflow to resources
from urban to the rural economy. Rural tourism will emerged as an important instrument for sustainable
human development including poverty alleviation, employment generation, environmental regeneration
and development of remote areas and advancement of women and other disadvantaged groups in the
Tourism Management 97
 country. The government should promote rural tourism to ensure sustainable economic development and
positive social change

References:
1. BRUKERT, A.J. AND MEDLIK.S, “The Management of Tourism”, William Heinmann Ltd. London, 1975.
2. BHATIA, A.K., “International Tourism Management”, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1996.
3. CHARLES KAISER AND LARRY, E. HELBER, “Tourism Planning and Development”, CBI Publishing Co.Inc.,Beston, 1978.
4. CHRISCOOPER, JOHN FLETCHER, DAVID GILBERT AND STEPHEN WANHILL, “Tourism (Principles and Practice)”, Pitman
Publishing, London, 1993.
5. MALHOTRA P.K., “Tourism Marketing”, Anmoll Publications Pvt., New Delhi, 1998.
6. SINGH RATANDEEP, “Infrastructure of Tourism in India” Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi, 1996.
7. K.K.SHARMA, “Tourism and Development” Sarup and sons, New Delhi, 2005.
8. HOLLOWAY, “The Business of Tourism, Longman Limited, New York, 1999.
9. BADAN, B.S., “Impact of Tourism in South India”, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1997.
10. BHATIA, A.K., “Tourism Development”, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1992.
11. BEZBARUAH, “Indian Tourism Industry” Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999.
12. Andrew Vladimir, Complete Travel Marketing handbook, NTC Business Book, 1989
13. Coltman, Michael M, Introduction to Travel and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 2004.
14. Karan Singh, Indian Tourism-Aspects of a great adventure, Dept. of Tourism, New Delhi, 1980
15. Tapan K. Panda, Marketing Management, Excel Books, 2006
16. Indian Tourism, Karan. P. Mazumdar, Prestige Books, 2004
17. Tourism as a heritage- Text and Cases, New Age Publications, 1999

Tourism Management 98

View publication stats