CHAPTER II: PART I

(identifying the inquiry

& stating the problem)
Prepared by. Ms. Laurence Ralph V. Estrella
Identifying the inquiry
RESEARCH GAP • What is not studied yet?

The deficiency in the literature • Is an issue that has not been

!"#$%&'()*+),-./)01234 fully addressed by previous
studies.
 Knowledge Gap
Practical-
Evidence Knowledge
Gap Conflict Gap

SEVEN TYPES OF
Methodological Gap
RESEARCH GAPS Population
According to Miles, D. (2017) Gap

Empirical Gap Theoretical

Gap
 EVIDENCE GAP
Definition
Results from studies allow for
conclusions in their own right
but are contradictory when
examined from a more
abstract point of view.
(Contradictory Evidence Gap)
Strategy Example and Write-Up
The researcher identified an apparent evidence gap in the prior
research concerning_____________. Previous research has
addressed several aspects of ________________:
(1)______________(cite two to three relevant articles), (2)
_____________ (cite two to three relevant articles), and (3)
_____________ (cite two to three relevant articles). However, the
previous research has not addressed several contradictions in the
findings concerning the prior research. The researcher has
identified there is an evidence gap in the prior studies that are
contradictory to the findings [Miles, 2017].
 KNOWLEDGE GAP
(knowledge void Gap)
Definition Strategy Example and Write-Up
Desired research findings do The researcher identified an apparent knowledge gap in the prior
not exist. research concerning_____________. In addition, the prior research
did not address the subject of ___________________. This
encompasses several unexplored dimensions that lately have
attracted research attention in other disciplines (cite two to three
relevant articles). The ___________ should be explored further to
provide an understanding as to why such is not the case with
__________________ [Miles, 2017].
 PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE GAP
(action-knowledge conflict Gap)
Definition
Professional behavior or practices
deviate from research findings or
are not covered by research
Strategy Example and Write-Up
There is appears to be a practical- knowledge gap in the prior research. There
is a lack of rigorous research in the prior literature. Some of these
unexplored________ appear to be lacking in the practice of
__________________field. The field of ________________ is ripe for an
investigation of practical focus research on ____________. Many of the prior
studies focus on the theoretical aspects of the field of __________________.
However, there are very few practical studies or action research in the field of
_____________. This is an important and worthy of investigation in the context
of ____________________. An investigation of these issues is important
because ______________. Furthermore, previous theoretical research has
focused primarily on ___________________ and very little practical- research
has been done on ______________field [Miles, 2017].
 METHODOLOGICAL GAP
(method and research design Gap)

Definition Strategy Example and Write-Up

The researcher identified a methodological gap in the prior
A variation of research
research. There is a lack of ________________research designs in
methods is necessary to
___________.Based on the research we are trying implement as a
generate new insights or to
research design, we found there is dearth in the prior research
avoid distorted findings.
on_________ research designs. In this study we seek to establish a
new inquiry on research designs with __________. We seek to
extend _______________ the research by addressing the gaps with
________________in the research methodologies with
____________ [Miles, 2017].
 EMPIRICAL GAP
(evaluation void Gap)

Definition Strategy Example and Write-Up

There is appears to be an empirical gap in the prior research. There
Research findings or
is a lack of rigorous research in the prior literature. Some of these
propositions need to be
unexplored________ appear to be important and worthy of
evaluated or empirically
investigation in the context of _____________________________.
verified.
An empirical investigation of these issues is important because
___________________. Furthermore, previous research has
focused primarily on qualitative research concerning
___________________ . No study to date has directly attempted to
empirically evaluate _____________. Very little empirical research
has been done on ______________ [Miles, 2017].
 THEORETICAL GAP
(Theory Application Void Gap)
Definition Strategy Example and Write-Up
The researcher identified an apparent theoretical gap in the prior research
Theory should be applied to concerning_____________. The theory on ______________is rather dated and
certain research issues to the current studies bear the fruit of this theoretical gap. Some of the prior theory
generate new insights. There is appear to be important and a foundation worthy of recognition. However, an
lack of theory thus a gap exists. investigation in terms of ____________________ and theoretical development is
warranted. An investigation of these issues is important because
________________ Furthermore, previous theoretical models need to embrace
contemporary research in __________________ and related fields to provide a
stronger theoretical basis for projects. The previous theory tends to focus
primarily on ________________. It does not encompass new paradigms in
______________ [Miles, 2017].
 POPULATION GAP
(under researched sub-groups Gap)

Definition Strategy Example and Write-Up

Based on the review of the prior research, there is a population gap.
Research regarding the
Some of these sub-populations have been unexplored and under-
population that is not
researched. The________ appear to be important and worthy of
adequately represented or
investigation in the context of __________________________. An
under-researched in the
investigation of this group is important because
evidence base or prior research ________________________. Furthermore, previous research has
(e.g., gender, race/ethnicity,
focused primarily on this population of _________________. Very
age and etic).
little research has been done on ______________[Miles, 2017].
What is Research Topic?
is a General area of interest that you
would like to pursue in your research.
IDENTIFYING AND STATING
Research problem 12:45 AM

Research Should...
This refers to the IDENTIFIES THE VARIABLES;

issue based on your

research topic which
WHAT IS TO BE INVESTIGATED;

you will address in DISCUSSES THEIR

CAUSE/RELATIONSHIP.
your study.
 CHOOSING A RESEARCH PROBLEM AS A
(Highschool students)
The background of the researcher is an
important factor that defines the selection of
research problems or topics. A researcher in a
particular field, like medicine, engineering, or
the social sciences focuses on topics within
their field of discipline.
 CHOOSING A RESEARCH PROBLEM AS A
(Highschool students)
Researchers should also be aware of the following factors determining their research problem and topic.

FEASIBILITY EXTERNAL SUPPORT INNOVATIVE QUALITY

A review of related
Is also essential
The needed time to literature and
element to
conduct the study studies ensures that
investigate when
must be measured, solutions are yet to
determining
and its setting should be proposed for the
whether a
be defined and problem, thus
research is
located. showing the need to
feasible or not.
conduct the study.
 SEVERAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN
identifying and selecting your research topic:
RELEVANCE MANAGEABILITY

INTEREST AVAILABLE RESOURCES

Avoid tackling topics that are
recent or highly technical.
A limited number of
references for such topics

Refrain from using sensitive

and controversial topics that
may offend certain groups of
people.
 QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE

QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Understanding of the Experiences Measurement of the

and Human Narratives Tangible Entities

Refrain from using the words: Refrain from using the words:
EFFECTS, BACKWASH, AFTERMATH, LIVED EXPERIENCES, STORIES,
EFFICACY... THEMES....
 Writing research title
Avoid “Exercise and Weight” Do not use abbreviations
TOO GENERAL

Indicate the Subject and Refrain from indicating the

Scope by specifying your IND YEAR of the study. Except
and DEP variables for the Historical Study”

Question form is used less Use the current

frequently in research acceptable terminology
 1. Be familiar with the DEFINITION of each
design under a particular RESEARCH
METHOD
2. Know and Prioritize the VARIABLES.
3. Place FIRST the Variables.
THINGS TO 4. Use words that speak of your DESIGN.
CONSIDER: 5. The use of LOCALE and PARTICIPANTS are
OPTIONAL.
6. In, on, at, towards, etc.,
7. Capitalization
8. The use of hammerhead/colon, and en and
em dash
 EXAMPLE TITLES
QUALITATIVE
Power to Transform: The Leadership
Strategy of Women Principal
Narrative Analysis on the Lives of
Cancer Survivors - An Evidence from
Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool
QUANTITATIVE
Conventional Math Strategy: The
Efficacy of Singapore Math to Teaching-
Learning Process
The Relationship between Academic
Workloads and Extrinsic Motivation of
Grade 12 Students under Humanities
and Social Sciences Strand at
Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool
(full length title)
 NEVER DO THESE!!!!
The Relationship between Academic Workloads and Extrinsic Motivation of Grade 12 Students under
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand at Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool

The Relationship between Academic Workloads and Extrinsic Motivation of Grade 12 Students under
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand at Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool.

"The Relationship between Academic Workloads and Extrinsic Motivation of Grade 12 Students under
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand at Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool"

(The Relationship between Academic Workloads and Extrinsic Motivation of Grade 12 Students under
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand at Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool)

The Relationship between Academic Workloads and Extrinsic Motivation of Grade 12 Students under
Accountancy, Business and Management Strand at Dasmarinas Integrated Highschool (S.Y. 2022-2023)

ACTIVITY:
Comprehend the given titles carefully.
Evaluate if it is ACCEPTABLE or NOT. If it is
acceptable, provide an explanation why
and if not, figure out what seems to be
incorrect and reconstruct it.
1. QUALITATIVE: The Effects of Smoking on the
Cognitive Ability of the Students
2. QUANTITATIVE: The Relationship between
Time spent watching T.V. Shows to Academic
Involvement
3. QUALITATIVE: Second Life Diary: Stories of
Hope from people who Experienced
Appendectomy
4. "Analyzing the Effects of Chamomile Tea on
Insomnia People”
5. Preferences in Reading Literature of the
Selected High School Students in Indang,
Cavite.
TO DO: Be ready with your title
proposal next f2f MEETING

1. research Proposal Sheet

2. Title proposal rubrics
3. Ppt for proposal
4. Peer evaluation FOR TITLE PROPOSAL
5. GUIDELINES FOR TITLE PROPOSAL
6. NAME TAG
7. BOOKLET
8. BRING YOUR OWN LAPTOP IF POSSIBLE
Thank you for listening..
God bless you and stay safe.