Joins Notes

JOINS :-
```````
FOR THE JOINING OF TWO OR MORE TABLES and displaying them as
a single table is known as joins.
(or)
DISPLAYING THE INFORMATION FROM MULTIPLE TABLES AT A TIME IS

KNOWN AS JOIN.
joins are of different types :
1. EQUI JOIN/INNER JOIN

2. NON EQUI JOIN
3. SELF JOIN
4. CROSS JOIN/CARTESIAN JOIN
5. OUTER JOIN
SQL --> ANSI--> JOINS

ORACLE --> JOINS
ANSI (AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD INSTUTUION) :-
1. EQUI JOIN / INNER JOIN:-

`````````````````````````
FOR THE JOINING OF TWO OR MORE TABLES IF WE MAKE USE OF
"=" OPERATOR.
(or)
inner join will display the common information present in both the
tables.
oracle syntax :-
```````````````
select *
from emp,dept
where emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
ANSI syntax :-
``````````````
select *
from emp join dept
on emp.deptno=dept.deptno;
2. NON EQUI JOIN :-

```````````````
FOR THE JOINING OF TWO OR MORE TABLES IF WE DONT MAKE
USE OF "=" OPERATOR.
oracle format :-
```````````````
SQL> select *
2 from emp,salgrade
3 where sal between losal and hisal;
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO GRADE LOSAL HISAL
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 1 700 1200
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 1 700 1200
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 1 700 1200
7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250 500
30 2 1201 1400
7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250 1400
30 2 1201 1400
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 2 1201 1400
7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500 0
30 3 1401 2000
7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600 300
30 3 1401 2000
7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10 4 2001 3000
7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850
30 4 2001 3000
7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20 4 2001 3000
7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000
20 4 2001 3000
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 4 2001 3000
7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000
10 5 3001 9999
14 rows selected.
ANSI format :-
```````````````
1 select *
2 from emp join salgrade
3* on sal between losal and hisal
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 1 700 1200
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 1 700 1200
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 1 700 1200
30 2 1201 1400
30 2 1201 1400
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 2 1201 1400
30 3 1401 2000
30 3 1401 2000
10 4 2001 3000
30 4 2001 3000
20 4 2001 3000
20 4 2001 3000
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 4 2001 3000
10 5 3001 9999
14 rows selected.
3. SELF JOIN :-
`````````````
JOINING A TABLE AGAIN WITH ITSELF IS KNOWN AS SELF JOIN.
--> FOR SELF JOIN ALIASING IS MANDATORY
EMP --> EMPLOYEES,MANAGER
EMP --> EMPLOYEE --> MGR

EMP --> MANAGER --> EMPNO
ex:- insurence company
employees who paid amount in last year and this year.
oracle syntax :-
```````````````
SQL> select *
2 from emp e,emp m
3 where e.mgr=m.empno;

DEPTNO EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-81 2850
30
30
20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-81 5000
10
30
10
10
20 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-81 2975
20
30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-87 3000
20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-81 2450
10
13 rows selected.
Ansi format :-
``````````````
1 select *
2 from emp e join emp m
3* on e.mgr=m.empno
SQL> /

DEPTNO EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM
DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
30
30
10
30
10
10
20
30
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10
13 rows selected.
SQL>
4.CROSS JOIN/CARTESIAN JOIN :-

```````````````````````````
FOR THE JOINING OF TWO OR MORE TABLES IF WE DONT
PROVIDE JOINING CONDITION, BY DEFAULT IT WILL PERFORM
CROSS JOIN.
emp - 14
dept - 4
14*4 - 56 records
oracle format:-
````````````````
SQL> select *
2 from emp,dept;

DEPTNO DEPTNO DNAME LOC
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- -----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 20 RESEARCH DALLAS
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
10 30 SALES CHICAGO
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
10 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 30 SALES CHICAGO
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
56 rows selected.
Ansi format :-
``````````````
1 select *
2* from emp cross join dept
3 /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- -----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
10 30 SALES CHICAGO
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
10 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 30 SALES CHICAGO
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 30 SALES CHICAGO
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
56 rows selected.
5. OUTER JOIN :-
`````````````
OUTER JOIN WILL DISPLAY INNER JOIN INFORMATION AND
LEFTOUT DATA FROM TABLES.
outer join is divided into 3 types :-
1.LEFT OUTER JOIN

2.RIGHT OUTER JOIN
3.FULL OUTER JOIN
1. LEFT OUTER JOIN :-

LEFT OUTER JOIN WILL DISPLAY INNER JOIN INFORMATION AND
LEFT OUT DATA FROM LEFTSIDE TABLE.
oracle format :-
```````````````
1 select *
2 from emp,dept
3* where emp.deptno=dept.deptno(+)
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
14 rows selected.
ANSI Format :-
``````````````
1 select *
2 from emp left outer join dept
3* on emp.deptno=dept.deptno
SQL> /
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
14 rows selected.
2.RIGHT OUTER JOIN :-

```````````````````
RIGHT OUTER JOIN WILL DISPLAY INNER JOIN INFORMATION AND
LEFT OUT DATA FROM RIGHTSIDE TABLE.
ANSI Format :-
```````````
1 select *
2 from emp right outer join dept
3* on emp.deptno=dept.deptno
QL> /

--------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
5 rows selected.
Oracle format :-
````````````````
1 select *
2 from emp,dept
3* where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno
QL> /

--------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- -------------
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
5 rows selected.
3. FULL OUTER JOIN :-

`````````````````````
FULL OUTER JOIN WILL DISPLAY INNER JOIN INFORMATION AND
IT WILL DISPLAY LEFT OUT DATA FROM LEFTSIDE AND RIGHTSIDE TABLES.
--> full outer join is not possible in oracle database

--> it is only possible in ANSI format.
ANSI Format :-
``````````````
1 select *
2 from emp FULL OUTER JOIN dept
3* ON emp.deptno=dept.deptno
SQL> /

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- -------------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 30 SALES CHICAGO
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
15 rows selected.
NATURAL JOIN :-
`````````````
NATURAL JOIN WILL WORK LIKE EITHER INNER JOIN OR CROSS JOIN.
1 SELECT *
2* FROM EMP NATURAL JOIN DEPT
SQL> /
DEPTNO EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL

COMM DNAME LOC
---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ----------
---------- -------------- -------------
20 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
RESEARCH DALLAS
30 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-81 1600
300 SALES CHICAGO
30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-81 1250
500 SALES CHICAGO
RESEARCH DALLAS
30 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-81 1250
1400 SALES CHICAGO
SALES CHICAGO
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
RESEARCH DALLAS
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
30 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-81 1500
0 SALES CHICAGO
20 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
RESEARCH DALLAS
30 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
SALES CHICAGO
20 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
RESEARCH DALLAS
10 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
ACCOUNTING NEW YORK
14 rows selected.
SQL> select *
2 from emp natural join salgrade;

---------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- ----------
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 1 700 1200
30 1 700 1200
30 1 700 1200
20 1 700 1200
30 1 700 1200
30 1 700 1200
10 1 700 1200
20 1 700 1200
10 1 700 1200
30 1 700 1200
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 1 700 1200
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 1 700 1200
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 1 700 1200
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 1 700 1200
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 2 1201 1400
30 2 1201 1400
30 2 1201 1400
20 2 1201 1400
30 2 1201 1400
30 2 1201 1400
10 2 1201 1400
20 2 1201 1400
10 2 1201 1400
30 2 1201 1400
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 2 1201 1400
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 2 1201 1400
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 2 1201 1400
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 2 1201 1400
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 3 1401 2000
30 3 1401 2000
30 3 1401 2000
20 3 1401 2000
30 3 1401 2000
30 3 1401 2000
10 3 1401 2000
20 3 1401 2000
10 3 1401 2000
30 3 1401 2000
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 3 1401 2000
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 3 1401 2000
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 3 1401 2000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 3 1401 2000
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 4 2001 3000
30 4 2001 3000
30 4 2001 3000
20 4 2001 3000
30 4 2001 3000
30 4 2001 3000
10 4 2001 3000
20 4 2001 3000
10 4 2001 3000
30 4 2001 3000
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 4 2001 3000
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 4 2001 3000
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 4 2001 3000
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 4 2001 3000
7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 17-DEC-80 800
20 5 3001 9999
30 5 3001 9999
30 5 3001 9999
20 5 3001 9999
30 5 3001 9999
30 5 3001 9999
10 5 3001 9999
20 5 3001 9999
10 5 3001 9999
30 5 3001 9999
7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-87 1100
20 5 3001 9999
7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-81 950
30 5 3001 9999
7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-81 3000
20 5 3001 9999
7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-82 1300
10 5 3001 9999
70 rows selected.

Joins Notes

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Joins Notes

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JOINS :-

DISPLAYING THE INFORMATION FROM MULTIPLE TABLES AT A TIME IS

joins are of different types :

1. EQUI JOIN/INNER JOIN

SQL --> ANSI--> JOINS

1. EQUI JOIN / INNER JOIN:-

2. NON EQUI JOIN :-

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

--> FOR SELF JOIN ALIASING IS MANDATORY

EMP --> EMPLOYEES,MANAGER

EMP --> EMPLOYEE --> MGR

ex:- insurence company

employees who paid amount in last year and this year.

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

4.CROSS JOIN/CARTESIAN JOIN :-

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

1.LEFT OUTER JOIN

1. LEFT OUTER JOIN :-

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

2.RIGHT OUTER JOIN :-

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

3. FULL OUTER JOIN :-

--> full outer join is not possible in oracle database

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

DEPTNO EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM

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