Lloyd’s Register Verification - PED Training Course

Overview of the Pressure Equipment Directive

(97/23/EC)

Lloyd’s Register Verification - PED Training Course

Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/EC)

• Known as the PED, this Directive is aimed at harmonising regulations across Europe for the design,
manufacture and conformity assessment of pressure equipment and assemblies of pressure
equipment with a maximum allowable pressure greater than 0.5 barg.
• The PED covers a wide range of equipment such as, reaction vessels, pressurised storage
containers, heat exchangers, shell and water tube boilers, industrial pipework, safety devices and
pressure accessories. Such equipment is widely used in the chemical, petrochemical, biochemical,
food processing, refrigeration and energy industries and for power generation.
• The PED has been implemented in the United Kingdom by the Pressure Equipment Regulations
1999 (”the PER” - SI 1999 No. 2001) which came into force on 29 November 1999. The
Regulations were amended by the Pressure Equipment (Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 2002
No. 1267) which came into force on 30 May 2002.
• Note: The PED does not deal with in-use requirements which may be necessary to ensure the
continued safe use of pressure equipment.

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“Extremely Important”
• Failure to comply with the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) means that such pressure
equipment or assemblies of pressure equipment cannot legally be placed on the market or
put into service in the Community (Member States) or European Economic Area (EEA)
• Could result in prosecution and penalties on conviction of a fine (unlimited) or
imprisonment for up to 2 years or both

“It’s the Law”

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Definitions
• Pressure Equipment is defined as vessels, piping, safety accessories and pressure
accessories

• Pressure Vessel defined as a housing designed and built to contain fluids under pressure

• Piping is defined as piping components intended for the transport of fluids when
connected together for integration into a pressure system

• Safety Accessories are defined as devices designed to protect pressure equipment against
exceeding the allowable limits, eg Safety / Pressure Relief Valves, Bursting / Rupture Disc’s
etc, and limiting devices which either activate the means for correction or provide for
shutdown or shutdown and lockout

• Pressure Accessories are defined as devices with an operational function and having
pressure bearing housing, eg Valves, Pressure Regulators, Measurement Chambers,
Pressure Gauges, Expansion Bellows, etc

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Definitions Cont’d
• Assemblies are defined as several pieces of pressure equipment assembled by a manufacturer
to constitute an integrated and functional whole and placed on the market as such, eg:
• Fire Extinguishers
• Skid Mounted Packages / Units
• Refrigeration System / Cold Store
• Boiler Plant / Power Station
• Petrochemical Plant / Oil Refinery
• LNG Import / Export Terminal
• Process Area on an Offshore Facility (Fixed Platform / FPSO)

• The PED does not apply to the assembly of pressure equipment on the site(s) and under the
responsibility of the ‘User’, as in the case of Industrial Installations (In such cases the ‘In-
Service’ provisions apply, eg in the UK , the Pressure Systems Safety Regulations (PSSR’s) are
applicable)

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Examples of Assemblies of Pressure Equipment

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Exclusions from the PED

• Scope is very general (>0.5 barg), so several exclusions because:
• Equipment covered by other EC Directives
• Equipment covered by International Legislation
• Pressure is not the greatest source of risk
• No existing barrier to trade
• Pressure is not a hazard

• Full list of exclusions (21) given in PED (Article 1)

• The PED does not apply to pressure equipment and assemblies of pressure equipment
manufactured placed on the market for use outside the European Economic Area (EEA)

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Typical Exclusions:
• Pipelines to or from an installation (onshore or offshore)
• Simple Pressure Vessels
• Equipment covered by conventions for transport of dangerous goods (ADR, RID, etc.)
• Well Control Equipment which is intended to contain and /or control well pressure
• Equipment specifically designed and constructed for military purposes
• Items specifically designed for Nuclear use, failure of which may cause an emission of
radioactivity
• Enclosures for high voltage electrical equipment, eg switch gear, control gear, transformers,
and rotating machines
• Pressurised pipes for the containment of transmission systems, eg electrical power and
telephone cables
• Vessels designed to contain liquids with a gas pressure above the liquid of not more than 0.5
bar
• Pressure equipment consisting of a flexible casing

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Typical Exclusions
• Equipment which is classified no higher than Category I by the PED and also covered by
the following EC Directives:
• Machinery
• Low Voltage
• Lifts
• Medical Devices
• Gas Appliances
• Explosive Atmospheres

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General Requirements for Pressure Equipment and

Assemblies of Pressure Equipment:
• Subject to the exclusions, the PED makes it an offence for a ’manufacturer’ or his
’authorised representative’ established within the Community to place on the market,
put into service or otherwise supply pressure equipment and assemblies of pressure
equipment above specified thresholds unless:
• They are “safe”

• They meet essential safety requirements covering design, manufacture and testing
• They satisfy appropriate conformity assessment procedures and a “Declaration of
Conformity” raised
• They carry the ”CE marking” and other necessary information
• Common requirements apply throughout the European Economic Area (EEA) so that
pressure equipment and assemblies of pressure equipment may be placed on the
market or put into service anywhere in the EEA

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General Requirements for Pressure Equipment and

Assemblies of Pressure Equipment:
• Pressure equipment and assemblies of pressure equipment below the specified thresholds
must:
• Be “safe”
• Be designed and manufactured according to “Sound Engineering Practice” (SEP)
• Be accompanied by adequate instructions for use
• Bear specified markings “not the CE marking”

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Essential Safety Requirements (ESR’s)

• “Essential Safety Requirements” - is a general list relating to the design and construction
of the equipment. The manufacturer must have evidence (technical documentation) which
demonstrates how the “essential safety requirements” (ESR’s) have been met

• In general, “pressure equipment” must be designed, manufactured and checked, and if

applicable equipped and installed, in such a way as to ensure its safety when put into
service in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, or in reasonably foreseeable
conditions

• Where the potential for misuse is known or can be clearly foreseen, the pressure
equipment must be designed so as to prevent danger from such misuse or, if that is not
possible, adequate warning given that the pressure equipment must not be used in that
way

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Essential Safety Requirements (ESR’s)

• General

• Safe Design

• Controlled Manufacture

• Correctly Selected and Certified Materials

• Specific Pressure Equipment Requirements

• Fired or Otherwise Heated Pressure Equipment with a Risk of Overheating

• Piping

• Specific Quantitative Requirements

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Conformity Assessment
• In order to demonstrate that the essential safety requirements (ESR’s) are satisfied, pressure
equipment and assemblies of pressure equipment will be subject to conformity assessment
• According to the category of the pressure equipment (and this includes the overall category
of assemblies of pressure equipment), the manufacturer is given a choice of conformity
assessment modules
• The higher the category, and therefore the greater the hazard, the more demanding the
are the requirements
• Equipment in Category I will be subject to the manufacturer’s own internal production
control
• The modules for products in Categories II, III and IV require the involvement of a
Notified Body (NoBo)

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Conformity Assessment Modules

• Module A - Internal Production Control
• Module A1 - Internal Production Control with Monitoring of Final Assessment
• Module B - EC Type Examination
• Module B1 - EC Design Examination
• Module C1 - Monitoring of Final Assessment
• Module D / D1 - Quality Assurance for Production, Final Inspection and Testing
• Module E / E1 - Quality Assurance for Final Inspection and Testing
• Module F - Product Verification
• Module G - Unit Verification
• Module H - Full Quality Assurance
• Module H1 - Full Quality Assurance with Design Examination and Monitoring of the
Final Assessment

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Conformity Assessment Modules

Category Category Category Category
I II III IV
(Module) (Modules) (Modules) (Modules)

A A1 B1 + D B+D

D1 B1 + F B+F

E1 B+E G

B + C1 H1

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CE Marking

Conformité Européene (EC Directive 93/68/EEC)

• CE marking is constructed from 2 concentric circles 14 and 20 units diameter (as
shown above)
• The CE marking must not be smaller than 5 mm (can be larger provided the above
proportions are maintained)
• The CE marking may be accompanied by the identification number of the Notified
Body involved at the production control stage

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Equipment Marking and Labelling

• CE marking must be accompanied by
• name and address of manufacturer
• year of manufacture
• identification (serial no, batch...)
• essential minimum / maximum allowable limits
• Any other information or warnings necessary for safe operation
• CE marking signifies compliance with all applicable EC Directives

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EC Declaration of Conformity
• Name and Address of Manufacturer
• Description of Equipment or Assembly
• Conformity Assessment Procedure followed
• Name and Address of any Notified Bodies
• Reference to any EC Certification
• Harmonised Standards applied
• Other Standards applied
• Other applicable EC Directives
• Particulars of Person signing EC Declaration

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EC Declaration of Conformity (Example)

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Definition of a “Manufacturer” and “User”

• The “Manufacturer”, person or organisation responsible for the design, manufacture
and conformity assessment of pressure equipment / systems with a view to placing it on
the Community market under his own name
• The “Manufacturer” has an obligation to ensure that a product intended to be placed
on the Community market is designed and manufactured, and its conformity assessed,
to the essential requirements in accordance with the provisions of the applicable New
Approach directives
• The “Manufacturer” may use finished products, ready-made parts or components, or
may subcontract these tasks. However, he must always retain the overall control and
have the necessary competence to take the responsibility for the product
• The “User”/ “Duty Holder” - Generally defined as the person or organisation that has
overall control of the pressure equipment / system

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Other Definitions
• “Global Assembly” - Several items of pressure equipment assembled together to
constitute an integrated and functional whole
• “Industrial Installation” - Basically an “assembly” of pressure equipment installed on a
site under the “responsibility of a User” (where the overall assembly is excluded from
the PED, but would covered by the National “In-Service Regulations”, individual items
still need to be PED compliant)
• “Notified Bodies” - appointed by Member States either in the approval and monitoring
of the manufacturer’s quality assurance system or in direct product inspection
• “Recognised Third Party Organisation” - appointed by Member States to carry out the
approval of welding procedures and personnel, and non-destructive testing personnel
• “Subcontracted activities” - Must be under the direct control of the manufacturer and
has to be auditable

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PED Guidelines
• Not an “Approved Code of Practice” but offer Guidance
• Considered to be an official interpretation
• Divided into 10 Sections:
• Scope and Exclusions of the Directive
• Classification and Categories
• Assemblies
• Evaluation Assessment Procedures
• Interpretation of the essential requirements on design
• Interpretation of the essential requirements on manufacturing
• Interpretation of the essential requirements on materials
• Interpretation of other essential requirements
• Miscellaneous
• General / Horizontal Issues

• Available on the following Website: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/

pressure-and-gas/documents/ped/guidelines/index_en.htm
• “They are updated”

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In Summary
PED Requirements for Pressure Equipment and Assemblies of Pressure Equipment Be
safe
• Essential Safety Requirements (ESR’s) are mandatory (if applicable) and place a
legal obligation on the manufacturer
• Essential Safety Requirements (ESR’s) are general statements and it’s up to the
“manufacturer” to decide how to demonstrate compliance with them (ESR’s)
• Complete a risk or hazard assessment to identify “reasonably foreseeable”
hazards
• Use of appropriate Design Standards / Codes to comply with the Essential Safety
Requirements (ESR’s)
• Compile Technical Documentation

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