Music Preferences by Personality Type - 16personalities

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Music Preferences by Personality

Type
NATHANIEL 281 COMMENTS
For many of us, our taste in music is an integral part of our identity – so
much so that, to a certain extent, what we listen to is who we are. The songs
of our youth, heard a thousand times, fill our headspace with stray lyrics
and infectious grooves, creating a filter for the way we see, hear, and
understand the world from then on out. And while some have a less
conscious, more organic approach, others actively draw boundaries
between the music they accept and the music they deny – and by extension,
the people associated with those musical cultures, as well.
The link between musical preferences and personality is so strong that

many of us feel a quick skim of one’s iTunes folder, Spotify playlists, or
record collection would reveal a wealth of information about the owner,
even if these supposed
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Types
are distorted
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the lens of our own
inherent prejudices. A punk fan may instantly dismiss someone with an
extensive selection of country, assuming that possession of such music all
but guarantees a certain provincialism on the part of the possessor. Of
course, as with all stereotypes, hasty judgments are usually wrongheaded –
genre, like one’s personality type, is more a guide than a straightjacket, and
wisdom is more readily found in the hidden nuances than in the broad
strokes.
Nevertheless, though there are genre-bending outliers to be found in every

category of music, the general tendencies of each may cause certain
personalities to gravitate more readily towards particular genres, while
being repelled by others. Furthermore, as much as we might identify
ourselves – and classify one another – by our choice of genre, our preferred
medium (MP3 player, laptop, car stereo) might be just as telling.
This article is based on our survey of over 4000 respondents whom we

asked about their music preferences. The survey has revealed the outlooks
different personalities have on music – what we listen to, when we listen to
it, and how we do the listening. The answers to each question, as you will
see, illustrate the importance of decisions that may have long since become
all but automatic.
Roles
Agreement with “Do you enjoy listening to ...?”, by Role
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Analysts
The music genres that Analyst personality types tend to appreciate more
than the other Roles – rock (80%), classical (76%), jazz (54%, tied with
Diplomats), punk (46%), and metal (44%) – also tend to be the ones that are
most often respected for the sheer technical expertise at work as much as
for the more emotional qualities of these songs. Not to say that other
genres are lacking in musicianship, but Analysts may nonetheless find these
five forms particularly likely to prize efficient, precise virtuosity for its own
sake. After all, the only thing an Analyst loves more than a good challenge is
seeing that challenge bested through skill alone, whether the challenge is a
dazzlingly intricate guitar solo or an entire movement of a tricky concerto.

In addition, Analysts were found to be the heaviest users of headphones
(59%) of all the Roles, a characteristic that may be due to Analysts’ need to
be “in their heads” as much as possible, shutting out the distractions of the
outside world so as to better focus on the problems circulating within.
Analyst personalities also have a tendency to feel like loners, and they may
prefer listening privately rather than justifying their tastes to an unwelcome
audience.
As the Role with the most typical affinity for technology, it may be
unsurprising that Analysts were the Role most likely to listen using a PC,
laptop, or tablet (42%), devices which are rarely far from most Analysts’
reach. The utilitarian appeal of a computer – useful for so many tasks
outside of audio – may be more important to an Analyst than any fidelity
lost to inferior speakers.
Diplomats
The pronounced Feeling aspect of Diplomats may partially explain their
choice of music: blues (46%), soul (50%), world (49%), alternative (85%), and
jazz (54%, tied with Analysts), all genres that are often characterized by
great emotional intensity. Ambient (59%) music may also appeal to
Diplomats’ poetic nature. Aside from passion, Diplomat personalities may
also seek out these genres specifically for their borderlessness, their
resistance to being confined by arbitrary categorization.

Quantity alone may not necessarily be the most accurate measure of
appreciation, but nevertheless, the finding that Diplomats are the Role most
likely to listen to more than two hours of music every day (48%) may still be
significant. At the very least, this data may illustrate how readily Diplomats
can become lost for extended periods in the alternate realities that music
can conjure into being.
The depths of the devotion that Diplomat personality types have to their
music may also be exemplified by the fact that they are the most likely Role
to embrace MP3 players (14%). Where some Roles may see music as an
afterthought, an added feature for their workstation or means of
conveyance that is nice, but hardly necessary, Diplomats may feel that
having their own tunes close at hand is absolutely vital. For a Diplomat, an
MP3 player may take on almost talismanic properties, adored as much for
its form – and its symbolism – as its function.
Sentinels
Of the four Roles, Sentinels only came first in their appreciation of two
genres: country (43%) and religious music (40%). The strong sense of
community that characterizes Sentinel personality types – whose work ethic
and desire for order stems from their belief that life is fundamentally about
maintaining the social fabric for the good of all – may explain their affinity
for these two forms, both of which often contain messages in praise of
service, whether to a higher power or to one’s fellow human being. The
ambivalence that Sentinels tend to have for popular entertainment – so
much of which strikes them as a waste of valuable time – may also explain
why music must include at least a bit of didacticism to hold their attention
for long.
Sentinels were also the Role least likely to listen to music for more than two
hours per day on average (32%), and most likely to listen for less than five
minutes a day (5%) – however, when they do listen to music, Sentinels are
the most likely to use speakers rather than headphones (53%). Again,
Sentinels may feel that music is an extravagance that must be kept in
moderation, and they may dislike headphones due to their need to stay
connected at all times with the people around them, rather than shutting
them out.
Finally, Sentinel personalities were significantly more likely than any other
Role to listen to music on a car stereo (13%). For many Sentinels, travel time
may be the only space that they truly feel comfortable allowing music into
their lives, because at any other time, music may be interpreted as a
distraction from more pressing matters.
Explorers
The genres that Explorers favor more than other Roles – namely,
electronica (68%), hip-hop (49%), pop (74%), and reggae (35%) – may most
frequently match the Explorer mood: energetic and in the moment.
Whether it is a fast-driving techno beat or a reggae groove, Explorers may
look for music that is more textural than intellectual, evoking an immediate,
visceral response.
Immediacy may also be the reason behind Explorer personalities getting

highest scores for the TV (2%) and the smartphone (47%) as preferred
devices, both of which are tailor-made for snap decisions. An Explorer
might have little patience for the lengths some music lovers go to in order
to curate a personal library – researching, collecting, and categorizing all
sounding like time better spent listening – but an Explorer might be
perfectly satisfied with the serendipity of the sounds summoned forth by
the flick of a remote or the tap of an app.
Strategies
Agreement with “Do you enjoy listening to ...?”, by Strategy

Confident Individualism
The quiet yet forceful nature of Confident Individualists is clearly reflected
in their choice of music: these personalities scored highest for classical
(76%), rock (79%, tied with Constant Improvement), and metal (42%) genres.
One can easily imagine them finding something appealing in both
harmonious and technically demanding classical passages, and intense rock
or metal tracks. Some may even combine the two, embracing symphonic
metal, for example.
Constant Improvement
Constant Improvers were similar to Confident Individualists in their
preferences, although with some intriguing differences. The top three
genres for these personality types were rock (79%, tied with Confident
Individualists), punk (46%), and alternative or indie rock (84%). Given that
punk is a subgenre of rock, we may as well call Constant Improvers the
ultimate rock lovers.
People Mastery
Personality types falling under the People Mastery Strategy hold a number
of top spots: blues (51%), country (40%), jazz (60%), soul (54%), and reggae
(38%). These genres tend to feature fairly relaxed and melodic tracks, and
People Masters’ preference for such music may be a reflection of their
social and confident natures.
Social Engagement
Just like their Assertive counterparts in the People Mastery group, Social
Engagement types scored highest in quite a few genres: electronica (72%),
pop (77%), rap or hip-hop (57%), ambient or new age (59%), world (47%),
and religious (35%). All these genres are fairly distinct, so it is not
immediately apparent what factors may pull Social Engagers toward them.
We may get a clearer picture by looking at individual genres and personality
traits in the next section.
Genres
Let’s now go through the main genres and see which personality traits and
types they attract most. We’ll list the top 3 types in each case.
Punk
Logicians (INTP) (51%)
At first glance, the anarchic rhythms of punk might seem an odd fit for a
Logician’s quiet, detached demeanor, but if one looks past the caricature of
leather jacketed and liberty spiked moshers to the origins of punk rock
itself, the affinity becomes far more understandable. Just as punk began as
a rule-breaking reaction to overly polished studio rock, Logicians also tend
to have little patience – or respect – for tradition. Whether rejecting the
status quo in a political sense (as with The Clash, Dead Kennedys, or Gang
of Four) or pushing the envelope more towards the avant-garde (art punks
like Devo, Talking Heads, or Yeah Yeah Yeahs), the smart, transgressive
qualities of punk may hold endless appeal for the Logician personality type.
Mediators (INFP) (49%)
For many of us, music can serve as an outlet for the feelings that we
otherwise have a hard time expressing, and the aggressive, in-your-face
style of punk may fulfill that function for Mediators, who so often find
themselves repressing their negative emotions for fear of hurting those
around them. Of course, angst is a key component of countless genres, but
there may be something in the absence of artifice, the sheer rawness, of
punk that appeals to Mediators, for whom bands like Minor Threat or
Hüsker Dü might vocalize the anguish that they so often stifle. And while
the term “emo” has become perhaps irretrievably stigmatized, Mediators
might be particularly drawn to those punk bands that turn inward more
than lashing outward, such as Jawbreaker or Jimmy Eat World.
Virtuosos (ISTP) (48%)
The DIY ethic epitomized by punk may have a kindred spirit in the Virtuoso
personality, a group of people who believe that a hands-on approach is
always preferable to hours of purely academic study. Namely, the stripped-
down, no-frills punk of The Stooges, The Sex Pistols, and The Ramones has
a visceral feel that a Virtuoso has no need to intellectualize or rationalize –
only to experience.
Personality Traits
If we look at individual trait scores, punk is clearly more popular among

Intuitive and Prospecting types than their Observant and Judging
counterparts:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to punk?”
Jazz
Commanders (ENTJ) (64%)
The genius of jazz may be in improvisation, but it is an improvisation born

of absolute mastery of one’s instrument, lending an uncanny prescience to
one’s movements, ensuring that each will be in service to some unwritten
sonata. UnpredictableTestyet unerringly
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stylings of Miles
Davis, John Coltrane, or Thelonious Monk may remind Commanders of the
same qualities that they prize in themselves.
Protagonists (ENFJ) (64%)
As a personality type that is positively brimming with enthusiasm and

confidence, Protagonists might very well seek out music that is equally
brassy and bold, such as that of the big band era of jazz. Exciting and
infectious, the swinging sounds of Duke Ellington or Glenn Miller may be all
the excuse that a Protagonist needs to turn their living room into a
ballroom.
Campaigners (ENFP) (62%)
Campaigners have a habit of stretching themselves too thin, which tends to

happen when one attempts the sort of all-encompassing, paradigm-shifting
projects that are a Campaigner’s passion in life. Fortunately for the
personality type, Campaigners understand the value of down time, and cool
jazz performers like Dave Brubeck or Chet Baker may be just what they
need to do after a hard day of saving the world.
Personality Traits
Jazz seems to attract Extraverted, Intuitive, and Assertive types, all of which
have scored significantly higher than Introverted, Observant, and Turbulent
personalities:

Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to jazz?”
Classical
So much depends on the thin baton of the maestro, the focal point for the
storm of instruments filling a concert hall – this sense of power, and
responsibility, may be something that Commander personalities can readily
identify with, as they too see themselves as the linchpin without which
some great enterprise would quickly collapse. The precision by which an
orchestra can execute the works of Beethoven or Wagner may be an
inspiration to Commanders, who seek an equal degree of control over the
forces marshalled underneath them.

Architects (INTJ) (78%)
To the ears of an Architect, even the catchiest popular tune may be

intrinsically dull, when compared to the byzantine compositions of the
Baroque age. As an Architect appreciates any creation that contains a
wealth of hidden intricacies, so too might they marvel at the works of Bach,
Handel, or Vivaldi.
Debaters (ENTP) (76%)
For Debaters, the intellectual challenge of comprehending the complex

tonal structures of classical music may be a key part of their enjoyment of
the form. As with everything else, though, Debaters might particularly love
those composers who push orchestral music in strange directions – even at
the risk of unsettling an audience – such as Igor Stravinsky or John Cage.
Personality Traits
Intuitive personality types are much more likely to enjoy classical music,
scoring 12% above their Observant counterparts:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to classical music?”

Rock
Perhaps it is the hybridized nature of rock music, the myriad influences that
have melded to make the form, that lends itself so well to debate – Stones
vs. Beatles, Beatles vs. Elvis, garage rock vs. arena rock – but nevertheless, it
may be this aspect of the genre that most appeals to the ever eager to
argue Debaters. Or it could simply be the inherent contentiousness of rock
as a whole, the rebellious spirit that defies categorization even as finer lines
are drawn – either way, people with the Debater personality type may have
an elaborate set of justifications for why their bands are worthy of inclusion
in the pantheon of rock, while others should be condemned forevermore to
the bargain bins of history.
From Springsteen to Kings of Leon, there has always been a rough poetry to
rock, a rawness of feeling, that may hold great appeal for the innately, and
intensely, sensitive Mediators. Indeed, while some might find the
authenticity of rock suspect, Mediators may be quick to take the
earnestness of the form at face value.
Recklessly experimental and fearlessly rebellious, rock music has always

had an outsider appeal – even when one subgenre has been tamed and
replicated, another (prog rock, new wave, or indie rock) has turned the
prevailing rock paradigm on its head, making the unthinkable the new
commonplace, and what was once popular, now passé. Logicians, who have
a similar disregard for the status quo, may see the world of rock as being
populated with kindred spirits.
Personality Traits
Rock seems to attract Intuitive and Prospecting types more than Observant
and Judging ones, with clear differences in both cases:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to rock?”

Alternative Rock
Alternative rock, as a genre that defines itself in large part by what it is not
more than what it is, might have intrinsic similarities to the Debater
personality type, whose identity also resides much more in opposition than
in allegiance. Just as Debaters tend to favor the abrasive over the
harmonious, so too might they be drawn most readily to bands that revel in
distortion, like Sonic Youth, Pavement, or Dinosaur Jr.
Alternative rock has its roots in punk, and Mediators seem to have an
affinity for both. Much as with punk, though, Mediators might tend to favor
the more viscerally emotional music on the alternative spectrum. Bands like
The Cure, The Smiths, or Weezer, each in their own way, may also speak to
the outsider feeling that comes so easily to Mediators, one of the rarest
personality types in existence.
Advocates (INFJ) (84%)
Advocates are a highly cause-oriented personality type, and as such, they

may be attracted to insurgent musical acts, bands that herald a revolution
in their respective genres. Alternative rock in general, then, may hold great
appeal for Advocates, for whom groups like Nirvana, Radiohead, or Arcade
Fire are more than simply artists – they are symbols for vast cultural
upheavals, simmering just beneath the surface.
Personality Traits
Scores for alternative rock showed some intriguing differences across three
out of five scales, with Intuitive, Feeling, Prospecting, and Turbulent
personality types scoring higher than their Observant, Judging, and
Assertive cousins:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to alternative rock or pop?”

Reggae
Adventurers (ISFP) (46%)
For an Adventurer, life often feels like a frenetic scream just outside their
window, and the relaxing, soulful sounds of reggae may be the perfect
antidote to soothe their jangled nerves. The sense of “one love” expressed
through the lyrics and voices of reggae singers like Jimmy Cliff or Gregory
Isaacs may provide Adventurer personalities with the harmony that can be
sorely lacking in their everyday existence.
Entrepreneurs (ESTP) (42%)
Although much of reggae consists of slow jams and chill beats, the music
that was born in Jamaican dance halls boasts more than its fair share of
jittery, revved-up tunes as well. Groups that veer more into ska – like The
Maytals or The Specials – may be more to an Entrepreneur’s liking than the
more laid-back varieties of the genre.
Performers like Bob Marley, Peter Tosh, or Burning Spear can certainly be
enjoyed primarily – or purely – for their talent, but the political
undercurrents are hard to ignore entirely. For many fans of their music,
reggae is a force for revolution, and Campaigners may fall squarely into this
camp.
Personality Traits
Reggae attracted significantly more Extraverts than Introverts. We can also

see a gap, albeit a much smaller one, between Thinking and Feeling types.
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to reggae?”

Ambient
Music more intended for backgrounds than for active listening – without
ruling out the possibility of the latter – ambient music may appeal to
personality types who have difficulty concentrating when too many things
demand their attention. After all, when you are absorbed by the fabric of
the universe, it is hard to notice tiny details in the weave, a condition that
befalls Campaigners more than most.
Entertainers (ESFP) (62%)
Entertainer personalities may love to entertain, but they hate it when

something steals the spotlight, as is often the case with most musical
genres. Ambient music, however, exists more to accentuate than dominate,
highlighting the performance of the Entertainers, rather than distracting
from it.
The searing ball of stress that often erupts in an overstretched Adventurer’s

life may be soothed by the gentle sounds of new age. When even the most
melodic guitar solo hits the ear like a discordant wave, the dulcet drone of
ambient tunes may set a calmer stage for the recovery time that
Adventurers so frequently need.
Personality Traits
The dominant traits among ambient music lovers were Intuitive, Feeling,
and Prospecting:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to ambient, new-age music?”

World
Of all the personality types, Campaigners may be among the quickest to

reject borders, whether those lines are drawn around nations or around
music. Though world music can be a difficult genre to define, Campaigners
may not only tolerate this ambiguity, but welcome it, seeing the world
fusion of Afro Celt Sound System or Peter Gabriel as an expression of the
inherent oneness that musicians – and people – share, regardless of their
place of origin.

Because Protagonists see something to celebrate in all people, it perhaps
follows that they see something to cherish in all music. From the son
cubano playing of the Buena Vista Social Club to the Ghazal poetry of
Ghulam Ali to the Tuvan throat-singing of Yat-Kha, Protagonists find a
unique and irreplaceable beauty in them all.
Advocates (INFJ) (46%)
Much like Campaigners, Advocates have a belief in the universal unity of

humankind that may extend to their choices in music – in contrast to
Campaigners’ more positivist outlook, however, Advocates see this unity as
something born of struggle, rather than being a simple, inevitable truth. As
such, Advocates may prefer world music that speaks more directly to the
trouble that comes from attempting to transcend the demarcations around
us – the revolutionary Afrobeat of Fela Kuti, for example.
Personality Traits
World music seems to attract Intuitive and Feeling personality types:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to ethnic (world) music?”

Pop
If clever lyrics or canny musicianship are at the heart of some genres, pure
showmanship may be the prime mover behind most of pop music, where
the pageantry of performance is as important as the performance itself.
The elaborate costumes and intricate dance routines of Lady Gaga or Katy
Perry insist that music be an all-encompassing experience, visual as well as
auditory, a sentiment that Entertainers are likely to share wholeheartedly.
Consuls (ESFJ) (80%)
Pop music can be thought of as the soundtrack of society, and Consuls

never want to be left out of the chorus. Whether it is Michael Jackson,
Madonna, or Justin Bieber who currently dominates the charts, Consuls are
quick to share the tastes of their peers, and loathe to be ignorant of the
songs on everyone’s lips.
Personalities whose lives are fueled by powerful – but often powerfully

repressed – feelings, Adventurers may have a soft spot for the big voices
and bold emoting of pop. Artists like Beyonce, Mariah Carey, or Christina
Aguilera may be particular favorites, as pop singers who infuse intense
passion into every note of their performances.
Personality Traits
Ironically, pop music seems to be one of the most divisive genres, sharing
that title with only one other – metal. It also has the largest gap among all
traits and genres, a 15.50% difference between Thinking and Feeling traits.
Besides this dyad, pop also attracts significantly more Extraverted,
Observant, and Turbulent types than Introverted, Intuitive, and Assertive
ones:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to pop songs?”

Metal
Fast, loud, and heavy: attributes as easily applied to Entrepreneurs as to the

brand of music that comes roaring out of their speakers on a regular basis.
Although people with the Entrepreneur personality type may steer clear of
some of the more extreme elements in metal, few can deny the simple
headbanging pleasures of Motörhead, Guns N’ Roses, or Metallica.
Testing boundaries has always been a core aspect of the metal experience,
and Logicians may particularly appreciate artists that take the genre in new
and interesting directions. The thematic and instrumental innovations of
bands like Tool, System of a Down, or Mastodon may excite Logicians in
ways that are as cerebral as they are visceral.
Architects (INTJ) (42%)
Virtuosity is a key component of metal, with some groups going to

formidable lengths to achieve dizzying symphonic complexity in their
compositions, a trait that Architects may admire greatly. Artists like Yngwie
Malmsteen, DragonForce, or Meshuggah may leave Architects awestruck,
thoroughly spoiling them for music of lesser technical sophistication.
Personality Traits
Metal fans are a nearly perfect opposite of pop lovers: Introverted rather
than Extraverted, Intuitive rather than Observant, Thinking rather than
Feeling, and Prospecting rather than Judging.
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to metal?”

Hip-Hop
Perhaps no other genre of music is as personality-driven as rap, a milieu

that more often than not consists of one mouth and one mic, battling for
verbal supremacy. The impulse to be – and the bold assertion that one
simply is – the Greatest of All Time is a common element for countless
rappers, from Nas to Notorious B.I.G., Tupac to Jay-Z, and this brash and
boundless confidence comes just as easily to the Entrepreneur personality
type. In particular, rap music that extols the pleasures of material success
may reflect an Entrepreneur’s own lifestyle – or aspirations, for those whose
ventures have yet to turn as lucrative as they might like.
Entertainers (ESFP)
Test (57%)
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Hip-hop artists are often stereotyped as either cold-blooded criminals or
rapacious capitalists – often, both – but while thuggishness and greed is a
facet of the genre, they hardly tell the whole story. At its heart, hip-hop is
about communicating one’s love of language to an audience, as
demonstrated by the undeniable mastery the greatest MCs have over it. In
short, rappers are entertainers, so it should come as no surprise that the
Entertainer personality type might be drawn to hip-hop, especially the
playful, party mentality of groups from The Sugarhill Gang to A Tribe Called
Quest and Outkast.
Executives (ESTJ) (57%)
The past few decades have seen hip-hop grow from underground
phenomenon to niche market to omnipresent juggernaut, listened to
around the globe and influencing music of every genre. Where once rap
may have been too outré for Executives to tune in, it has now permeated
culture to such a degree that, for all intents and purposes, rap music is pop
music. And while Executives may have little knowledge of or interest in old-
school rhymes, artists like Kanye West or Drake may be simply too popular
to ignore.
Personality Traits
As far as traits are concerned, rap and hip-hop attract Extraverted types
more than Introverted ones, with minimal differences between other traits:

Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to rap or hip-hop?”
Electronica
For many DJs, electronica is all about using technology to amplify the sonic
intensity of music to heights that analog instruments simply cannot match,
and this faster, louder, harder philosophy may be perfectly in tune with an
Entrepreneur’s own sensibilities. Dubstep, trap, and other club banging
varieties of electronica from artists like Skrillex, Diplo, or Lil Jon may get an
Entrepreneur’s blood pumping like nothing else in the realm of music.

While Entrepreneur personalities may enjoy the propulsive properties of
electronica, Campaigners may tend to go for the other end of the spectrum,
music designed more for relaxation than excitation. As a result, harried
Campaigners may prefer mellower strains of electronic music, such as that
produced by Daft Punk, Goldfrapp, or Portishead.
There is an inherent and inescapable glitchiness to the movements of live

musicians, and while this chaotic human element has its own appeal,
Commanders may be drawn more to the machine efficiency and
microscopic control of electronic music. Electronica impresarios from Brian
Eno to Aphex Twin to Autechre offer up alien soundscapes that
nevertheless make Commanders feel right at home.
Personality Traits
Electronica fans are significantly more likely to be Extraverted and

Prospecting than Introverted and Judging:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to electronic or dance music?”

Religious
Executives (ESTJ) (48%)
Much of popular music, regardless of genre, is a celebration of

transgression, an expression of the excess that so many listeners must
keep in check, whether because of conscience or circumstance. For
Executives, though, anarchy – even sublimated anarchy – is nothing to be
venerated, so much so that even their musical tastes may tend more
towards songs of devotion than songs of upheaval.
Defenders (ISFJ) (42%)
As with Executives, Defenders may identify with the sense of tradition and
order that comes from religious music. Moreover, the natural humility of
Defenders may make the outlandish posturing of so many popular
performers – the self-promotion that is often as much a marketing decision
as it is a facet of the artist’s own personality – seem even more ridiculous
and discordant than it does for most.
Whether we join our voices in song or only acknowledge the sentiment we

share with the singer in silence, music has always had the power to instill a
sense of belonging, of fellowship. Nowhere is this more true than in
religious music, which may explain – at least in part – the enjoyment that
Consuls derive from it. Even when listening alone, Consuls can still partake
in the communal spirit that such music has to offer.
Personality Traits
In this case, the most obvious difference is between Thinking and Feeling
traits, with a gap of over 11%. Extraverted personality types were also
slightly more likely to prefer religious music compared to Introverted ones.
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to religious music?”

Blues
Although the songs of Robert Johnson, Son House, or Lead Belly have been
covered by countless artists, their original lonesome, stripped-down howls
contain an authenticity, and depth of feeling, that Campaigner personalities
may find unmatched in other music. Prone to bouts of melancholy in
reaction to failures both real and perceived, Campaigners may find that
listening to the blues may often prove to be a cure for their own
despondence.

There is an epic quality to the figure of the blues singer, reinforced and
reiterated through the hyperbolic boasts and laments of their songs. Loving
broadly and sorrowing deeply, Protagonists may well relate to the larger-
than-life blues stylings of Howlin’ Wolf, Muddy Waters, or John Lee Hooker.
The elemental purity of the blues – the wellspring from which so much of
modern popular music flows – may explain the love that Consuls have for
the blues. And while Consuls may not be the type to dig through crates of
old vinyls in search of hidden treasures, the smooth virtuosity of radio-
friendly blues guitarists like Bo Diddley, B.B. King, or Stevie Ray Vaughan
may nevertheless hold a timeless appeal.
Personality Traits
When it comes to blues, Extraverted, Intuitive, and Assertive personalities

are clearly in the lead:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to blues or bluegrass?”

Country
Once the province of humble balladeers from the southeast and western
regions of the United States, country music has now become one of the
most popular genres around the world, making it a perfect match for
Consuls, one of the most popular – and popularity-seeking – personality
types around. And while country music has its share of outlaws, rebels, and
rabble-rousers, Consuls are likely to gravitate more towards artists like
Taylor Swift or Garth Brooks – fun-loving, widely relatable acts as eager to
entertain as they are reluctant to court controversy.

Much of country music has a strangely dichotomous toe-tapping
melancholy that Entertainers well understand, sharing a propensity for
turning private heartbreak into a public performance. The sad beauty of
songs by Hank Williams, George Jones, or Patsy Cline may be exactly the
catharsis that Entertainers need in times of trial – and after they’ve sung the
pain away, they may be more than happy to stick around for the more
rollicking tunes in the country music catalog.
The larger than life, Byronic heroes that populate country music – both in
songs and on stage – may hold great appeal for Protagonists, for whom the
impulse to “be somebody” runs more strongly than for many other
personality types. Protagonists may have little trouble seeing themselves in
the strong narratives surrounding the cowboys, truckers, and assorted
other archetypes of country music, not to mention the mythical personas of
figures like “Man in Black” Johnny Cash.
Personality Traits
Country seems to be a fairly divisive genre, with Extraverted, Observant,

and Feeling types scoring significantly higher than their counterparts:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to country?”

Soul
As soul music developed in parallel to the African-American Civil Rights

Movement, it was all but inevitable that soul artists would address more
politically conscious subjects in their songs. For people with the Campaigner
personality type, art is often an adjunct to activism, and they very well might
appreciate Marvin Gaye or Curtis Mayfield (or more recent soul singers, like
Lauryn Hill) as much for their aims as for their musicianship.
While some genres of music can have more insular appeal – punk rockers
or metalheads, for instance, may actively seek to separate “true fans” from
mere poseurs – soul and R&B artists are often unabashed about reaching
as wide of an audience as possible; indeed, the mere notion of insularity
may strike soul artists as antithetical to their craft. The easily relatable
themes and undeniable talent of soul singers from Ray Charles to Diana
Ross to Adele have made them household names, reaching levels of
crossover popularity that Consuls – who prefer tried-and-true
entertainment to bold experimentation – can readily embrace.
If the object of music is to communicate one’s passion as powerfully as

possible to an audience – as it may be for Entertainers – then soul music
may be hard to match on the scale of pure performance. Nothing seems to
be held back in the performances of soul singers like Little Richard, James
Brown, or Stevie Wonder, for whom showmanship is as much a part of
music as the song itself.
Personality Traits
Soul is clearly preferred by Extraverted and Feeling personalities, with the

latter trait scoring nearly 13% over its Thinking counterpart:
Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to soul?”

Conclusions
At times, the modern ubiquity of music can deafen us to the beauty of
sound, the often subtle interplay between voice and instrument
communicating a feeling that no other medium can quite match. Moreover,
with limitless availability, we also have limitless variety, a much-celebrated
blessing that carries with it the curse of the “tyranny of choice,” the idea
that, when faced with too many options, we become overwhelmed with the
number of variables at play, and end up choosing none of the above. Awash
in an ocean of music, our identities, so closely bound to our sonic
preferences, may sometimes feel in danger of being drowned out by the
noise.

On the other hand, the songs that cut through this static may be cherished
all the more, and define us ever the more clearly, than if we had less of a
surfeit at our disposal. Rather than molding ourselves to fit a small selection
of niches, we increasingly have the power to carve them out anew.
Still, just as two personality types may enjoy the same genre – or an artist,
or even a single song – for different reasons, it is important to remember
that music must not necessarily foster division and tribalism, though it can
certainly be turned to those ends. Music is a mode of communication, a
means of bridging gaps in our understanding when mere words fail.
We decide who we are in part by what we listen to, but it is when we

partake of the musical tastes of others, or share what we love in return, that
the power of music as a vessel for ideas becomes realized. Much as our
personalities are defined by how we fit with the temperaments that others
possess, our musical interests are always in flux, contingent on the views,
conflicting or complementary, of those we come in contact with.
How did you come to love the music you love today? How have your musical
preferences changed over the years? Do you see music as being a core
component of your identity? Let us know in the comments!
©2011-2023 NERIS Analytics Limited

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DEEP DIVES

Music Preferences by Personality

The link between musical preferences and personality is so strong that

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Logicians (INTP) (51%)

Mediators (INFP) (49%)

Virtuosos (ISTP) (48%)

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Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to punk?”

Commanders (ENTJ) (64%)

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Protagonists (ENFJ) (64%)

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Campaigners (ENFP) (62%)

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Commanders (ENTJ) (79%)

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Debaters (ENTP) (76%)

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Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to classical music?”

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Debaters (ENTP) (84%)

Logicians (INTP) (82%)

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Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to rock?”

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Debaters (ENTP) (88%)

Mediators (INFP) (86%)

Advocates (INFJ) (84%)

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Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to alternative rock or pop?”

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Adventurers (ISFP) (46%)

Entrepreneurs (ESTP) (42%)

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Reggae attracted significantly more Extraverts than Introverts. We can also

Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to reggae?”

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Campaigners (ENFP) (65%)

Entertainers (ESFP) (62%)

Entertainer personalities may love to entertain, but they hate it when

Adventurers (ISFP) (64%)

The searing ball of stress that often erupts in an overstretched Adventurer’s

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Campaigners (ENFP) (52%)

Of all the personality types, Campaigners may be among the quickest to

Protagonists (ENFJ) (52%)

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Advocates (INFJ) (46%)

Much like Campaigners, Advocates have a belief in the universal unity of

World music seems to attract Intuitive and Feeling personality types:

Responding “Yes” to “Do you enjoy listening to ethnic (world) music?”

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