"Une plongée fascinante dans la psyché d’un des

plus grands politiciens du vingtième siècle."

ROLLING STONE ★★★

CHURCHILL
Brian M i r an da John
COX RICHARDSON S L AT T E R Y
© 2016 SALON CHURCHILL LIMITED.

DÈS MAINTENANT EN DVD ET EN VOD

churchill ap vocable
02-GB764.indd 2 210x287.indd 1 20/09/2017 14:26
09/10/2017 16:57
 édito sommaire N° 435 / Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.

ÉMILIE COCHAUD Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

A la une
The other Australia  B2-C1 Fighting Australia Day THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) .................................................... 6
Melbourne suburb demands respect for indigenous history.
We may know of the aborigines of Australia,
but we know fairly little about them. They are  A2-B1 Focus .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
so remote from our side of the world and are
rarely in the international news coverage. But you
cannot understand Australia without reference Société
to its indigenous people, whose culture is one of  B2-C1 Paris’s Olympic promise THE GUARDIAN (UK) .............................................................................. 10
the oldest on earth, dating back 50,000 years, and An opportunity for the town of Saint-Denis?
which is as rich and vibrant as ever.
 B2-C1 The bitcoin generation USA TODAY (US) .................................................................................................... 12
Nevertheless, the aboriginal community has It’s as good as gold for them!
long been the victim of abuses carried out by its
colonizers, and though it may be enjoying a kind
of renaissance at the moment, it is also continu- Enjeux
ing to battle inequality and to fight for official  B2-C1 The Irish border THE GUARDIAN (UK) .................................................................................................................. 14
recognition of its history. Australian society has The UK’s Brexit blind spot.
lots of work to do to achieve a real reconciliation.
Understanding and admitting to the effects of its  A2-B1 A 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16
colonial past is an integral part of that process.

It is in this context, that many have been voicing PRATIC’ABLE  ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17

their objection for years to the national celebra- Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
tion which marks the arrival of the first settlers comme un anglophone
in 1788. Recently, some local governments have A la banque / Point de grammaire : Getting things done / L’expression
taken the decision to not celebrate it, such as in idiomatique
Fitzroy, a suburb of Melbourne. The New York
Times went to meet some of its residents and in
addition to the debate over ‘Australia Day’, the  C1-C2 Gibraltar in the spotlight THE GUARDIAN (UK) .......................................................................... 22
article offers an insight into the identity, culture Between the “Rock” and a hard place.
and history of this community. Here is another
facet of Australia for us to discover.
Culture
 B2-C1 Dancing for freedom THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ........................................................................ 24
From Damascus to Amsterdam.

 C1-C2 Spies like us THE ECONOMIST (UK) ............................................................................................................................. 26

To understand Britain, read its spy novels.

Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur  B2-C1 To E or not to E THE LOS ANGELES TIMES (US) ........................................................................................... 28
What’s in a name?

 A2-B1 Echos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29

BONUS

L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3 Découverte

de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo
lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr
 B2-C1 Nowhere to hide THE ECONOMIST (UK) ............................................................................................................. 30.
Life in the age of facial recognition.
Bons plans .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35

Photo de couverture : RATNAYAKE/SHUTTERSTOCK/SIPA

03-AA435.indd 3 09/10/2017 14:51

 Grand L’actualité en images

angle

PUERTO RICO (Herbert/AP/SIPA)

PUERTO RICO

San Juan
Status: self-governing overseas territory of the
United States. Puerto Ricans are American citizens
and hold US passports but cannot vote in US
presidential elections.
Population: 3.4 million
Area: 8,959 sq km
Languages: Spanish, English
self-governing autonomous / overseas abroad / citizen
person, civilian / to hold, held, held here, to have a right to /
area size / sq km = square kilometre km2.
Ruby Rodriguez, 8, looks back at her mother as she wades across the San
Lorenzo Morovis river in Puerto Rico. The bridge was swept away by
Hurricane Maria. On 20 September, Puerto Rico was slammed by a
powerful category 4 storm, the strongest to make landfall on the
Carribean island in 85 years. The US territory is now suffering from a lack
of electricity, water and fuel, and has limited cell phone service. “Puerto
Rico, in terms of the infrastructure, will not be the same... This is
something of historic proportions,” said Carlos Mercader, a spokesman
for the island’s governor.
to wade to walk through water / to sweep, swept, swept away to wash away, destroy / hurricane
extremely strong and destructive wind / to slam to hit with force / storm extreme weather, tempest / to
make, made, made landfall here, to descend upon the land (from the sea), reach land / lack absence,
shortage / fuel oil, petrol, gasoline / spokesman representative.

4 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1 er
novembre 2017

04-764-Steph.indd 4 09/10/2017 14:53

 On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

Ceux qui font l'actu

ELON MUSK
Elon Musk has unveiled his ambitious plans
for a new spacecraft codenamed “BFR” (for
“Big Fucking Rocket”). Speaking at a congress
in Australia, the South African-born entrepre-
neur said the rocket would enable his SpaceX
company to start sending people to Mars by
2024. He also claimed that it would allow to
travel anywhere on Earth in under an hour. A
London-New York journey would only take 29
minutes for example. “Cost per seat should be
about the same as full fare economy in an air-
craft,” he said on Instagram.
to unveil to reveal, announce, present / spacecraft (inv.) vehicle
for travelling in outer space / rocket jet engine powerful enough to
travel into outer space / to enable to permit, make possible / to

(Xinhua)
claim to assert / to allow to permit, enable, make possible / under
less than / seat designated place on an aeroplane / full fare tariff
without concessions, full price ticket.

(Cawthra/Shutterstock/SIPA)
(Peter Morrison/AP/SIPA)

(Evan Vucci/AP/SIPA)
LEO VARADKAR THERESA MAY TOM PRICE

Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar has
promised a referendum next year on whether
to loosen the country’s laws on abortion, one
of the strictest in Europe. As of today, the
Republic of Ireland’s constitution allows
abortion only if the life of the mother is in
danger. Women convicted of having an illegal
abortion face up to 14 years in jail. But they are
allowed to travel abroad for terminations.
People “should be given ample time to
consider the issues and to take part in a
well-informed debate,” Varadkar said.
whether (in order to know) if (yes or no) / to loosen to
relax, to make less strict / law legislation / abortion
medical intervention to end a pregnancy / as of today
from today forward, here, now, at present / to allow to
authorize / to convict to find guilty of a crime / to face
to risk / jail prison / abroad outside the country, to a
foreign country / termination medical intervention to
end a pregnancy / ample sufficient / to consider to
think about, reflect upon / issue subject, question,
matter.
Theresa May’s speech turned into a
nightmare at the Conservative conference
earlier this month. The British prime minister
was interrupted by a man who made his way
to the podium and handed her a redundancy
notice, saying “Boris asked me to give you this."
She also struggled with an incessant cough
and the set behind her fell apart. Theresa May
had hoped the speech would relaunch her
Premiership amid Cabinet splits and leadership
speculation. According to The Guardian, one
Tory politician said this made colleagues
wonder whether she could last much longer.
to turn into to transform into, here, to become / to
make, made, made sb... to lead sb to / to make,
made, made one’s way to to go in the direction of, here
to manage to reach / to hand to give / redundancy
notice document for sb leaving a job / Boris (Johnson)
British Foreign Minister / to struggle with to have a
difficult time dealing with, have problems with /
incessant cough persistent bout of coughing (pushing
of air violently and noisily through the throat, esp when
you have a cold or sore throat) / set here, fixed
background display board / to fall, fell, fallen apart to
disintegrate, here, to have letters fall off / to relaunch to
re-establish, reinvigorate / Premiership mandate as
Prime Minister / amid among, in the context of / split
division /  according to as stated/reported by / Tory
Conservative / to wonder to ask oneself / to last to
continue for a certain time, endure / much any.
US Health Secretary Tom Price resigned last
month over his use of expensive private
planes and military aircraft for government
business trips. Reports by news website
Politico say he spent $1m on these flights. Tom
Price, who was appointed in February, was
already in a precarious position with Donald
Trump after repeated failures to repeal and
replace Obamacare. The US president called
Price a “very fine man” but said he did not like
the “optics” of members of his cabinet flying
at great expense to taxpayers.
health secretary minister of health / to resign to
leave (a post), to quit / over because of, as a result of /
aircraft (inv.) aeroplane(s) / report account, article /
to spend, spent, spent to pay out / flight aeroplane
voyage / to appoint to designate, nominate / failure
inability, incapacity, lack of success / to repeal to annul,
rescind / to replace to put one thing in place of another
/ Obamacare act passed by Congress in 2010 to expand
and regulate the American healthcare system / fine
admirable / optics ‘look’, here, idea / expense cost /
taxpayer citizen of a country paying tax.

VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 •5

05-764-Isa.indd 5 09/10/2017 16:50

 À la une I Société I AUSTRALIE

Did you know?

I  B2-C1

Indigenous people make up 3 Australian English borrows more

percent of the total Australian than 400 words from Aboriginal
population. Today, most of them languages: koala, wombat,
live in cities and towns. boomerang…
Fitzroy

Robert Young, an Aboriginal artist, in front of a mural he painted

in Fitzroy, Australia. (Asanka Brendon Ratnayake/The New York Times)

THE NEW YORK TIMES JACQUELINE WILLIAMS

FIGHTING AUSTRALIA DAY

Debate over a controversial day of national celebration
January 26 is a national holiday in Australia and for a while now, the subject of intense debate. It celebrates the first arrival of
British colonists (1788) in Sydney Harbour. Some local districts have taken the decision not to celebrate out of respect for the
indigenous people of Australia. One example is Fitzroy, a suburb of Melbourne, whose aboriginal community has a long history of
discovery and celebration of its own culture and past.

6 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
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The Aboriginal flag was National Sorry Day is an annual
first flown in Adelaide in event held on 26 May to remember
1971. Since then, it has the mistreatment of Australia’s
become a widely recognised symbol Aboriginal communities.
of the identity of Aboriginal people.
F ITZROY, Australia — Uncle Jack
Charles, a well-known Australian
aboriginal actor, was born in 1943 under
Australia’s assimilation policy, which he said
absorbed aboriginal people into white soci-
ety by removing children from their families.
He grew up in a series of group homes with-
out anyone ever telling him the truth — un-
til he was introduced to long-lost relatives
here in a Melbourne suburb that’s long been
a gathering place for the people of Australia’s
First Nations.“This is where I found myself,”
Charles said last month in Fitzroy. “Found
family, kinship, community ties.”
2.For generations, reconnection with history
has defined the area in and around Fitzroy.
Now, perhaps inevitably, it is quickly becom-
ing famous in Australia for provoking debate
about how to best confront the country’s
colonial past.
RECONSIDERING HISTORY
3. In August, the local Yarra City Council
became the first local council in the country
to unanimously vote against recognizing
Jan. 26 as Australia Day, rejecting the na-
tional holiday marking the arrival of the first
British settlers in 1788 and opting instead for
an event on another date that acknowledges
“the loss of indigenous culture.”
4.The move spurred outrage from Australia’s
prime minister, Malcolm Turnbull, who
accused the council of “using a day that
should unite Australians to divide Austral-
ians.” And public backlash over the decision
intensified, as far-right protesters stormed
a Yarra City Council meeting yelling
through megaphones “shame on you” and
“you’re a disgrace.” But residents and offi-
1. group homes social care (placement in an institution),
foster care (placement with a family) / long-lost having
been lost, not seen for a long time / relative member of the
same family / suburb residential area on the edge of a city /
gathering place meeting place / kinship link, connection
(family, background, origins, culture etc) / tie link, connection.
2. to confront to face up to, deal with.
3. national holiday national day of celebration / settler
colonist / event occasion / to acknowledge to recognise.
4. to spur to incite / outrage indignation, anger, here, fury /
backlash counter-reaction / to storm to enter violently and
angrily / to yell to shout / official representative.
AA 06-08-764-Steph.indd 7
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
cials here say the decision to stop com-
memorating Australia Day reflects a desire
for the country to recognize that a celebrat-
ed part of its history is also a source of great
pain for many of its citizens.
5. Ata time when the push to reconsider
history is sweeping across the United States
and Canada, with statues of historical fig-
ures being torn down and university build-
ings being renamed, residents and officials
in Yarra say they are simply doing what
they have always done: connecting with
their people and seeking the truth. “There
have been various popular and political
forces at work to discourage a real under-
standing,” said Amanda Stone, the mayor
of Yarra. “There’s still a strong belief that
aboriginal people have done well out of
colonial settlement.”  roy, where the first indigenous man to win
INDIGENOUS HERITAGE
6.Yarra, a council region that includes one of
Melbourne’s earliest suburbs, covers about
7.5 square miles, and is culturally and so-
cially diverse, with about 30 percent of its
residents born outside Australia. The area,
and greater Melbourne, has been the heart-
land of the country’s left and union move-
ment, as well as progressive aboriginal poli-
tics going back to the start of the 20th
century. For many indigenous Australians,
Fitzroy in particular carries a special sig-
nificance: it is the birthplace of many modern
aboriginal organizations.
7.Jason Tamiru, grandson of the Sir Doug
Nicholls, former governor of South Australia
and the first aboriginal Australian to have
held a vice-regal post in the country, said that
5. push campaign, pressure / to reconsider to
re-examine (look at from a different point of view) / to
sweep, swept, swept across to move rapidly, invade / to
tear, tore, torn down to demolish / to seek, sought,
sought to look for / to do, did, done well out of to profit
from, derive an advantage from / colonial settlement
colonial occupation.
6. heritage patrimony, historic, cultural / square mile =
2.56 km² / diverse varied / heartland centre, here,
traditional bastion / union trade union, syndicate / to
carry to have.
7. to hold, held, held a vice-regal post to be accorded a
royal position (Australia is a constitutional monarchy and
part of the British Commonwealth) /
SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo
et testez votre compréhension sur
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
from the 1920s to 1940s, a local fig tree was
one of the most important aboriginal meet-
ing places, where “pioneers” including his
grandfather addressed gatherings and “ral-
lied the troops.” The tree, known as the
Moreton Bay Fig Tree, is still alive today.
“Under this tree,” Tamiru said, standing
beneath its wide green leaves, “our great
people formed a community, had a vision and
a dream. My grandfather taught me and my
people to fight for our human rights.”
8.Up the road, on Gertrude Street, known as
the heart of Fitzroy, was the Koori Club,
where in the 1960s, young aboriginal social
and political activists met and challenged
conservative thinking in the country. When
Muhammad Ali visited Australia in 1979, he
specifically went to Gertrude Street in Fitz-
a world boxing title, Lionel Rose, helped set
up a gym for young indigenous people.
9. All of these places were where many abo-
riginal Australians came to receive support,
help, and services, and in the process, many >>>
to address to give a speech to, talk to / gathering
assembled group / to rally to bring people together to
support a cause.
8. to challenge to call into question, contest / gym
gymnasium, sports hall.
9. in the process in doing so /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
To be born
(cf. § 6) «30 percent of Yarra’s
residents were born outside
Australia»
N’oubliez pas que le verbe «naître»
se dit «to be born» :
I was born, they were born ...
Notez les expressions :
«I was born and raised in California»
(US)
«I was born and bred in London»
(GB)
VOCABLE Du19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 •7
09/10/2017 17:53
 À la une I Société I AUSTRALIE I  B2-C1

NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE

Australian actor Dario Costa joins us to talk about Australia and those who
were there well before the English arrived.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)

>>> of them discovered their family roots. Uncle

Jack, part of the “stolen generation,” found
out the truth about his roots in his late teens
after being ushered into the Builders Arms
Hotel, a landmark Fitzroy pub. Back then, in
the late 1950s, it was known among indige-
nous Australians as “the black senate.”

10. ForUncle Jack and many others, these

kinds of connections spreading over gen-
erations have created a sense of empower-
ment — and a comfort with questioning
authority that often goes beyond what takes
place in other areas of Australia. Gradually,
despite a period of gentrification that
pushed out some people, it’s been passed
down to the next generation.

11.“Young people have grown up to be

ashamed of where we’re from, not wanting
to celebrate indigenous culture and heritage,”
said Robert Young, 28, an indigenous artist.
“But now people from around the world are Actor Jack Charles was a victim of the government's forced assimilation programme. (DR)
wanting to celebrate and acknowledge our
culture and our identity,” Young said. “There’s as “Survival Day” or “Invasion Day,” and in indigenous history. Politicians said the van-
a greater awareness of celebrating people’s recent years, protests have marked the day dalism spurred a growing debate and a push
uniqueness and paying tribute and respect in major cities like Melbourne and Sydney. for Australia to celebrate the country’s na-
where it’s due.” tional day on another day, one that meant
JAMES COOK something to everyone.
12. Many aboriginal people 13.The indigenous commu-
say Jan. 26 — when many
Many aboriginal nity in Yarra wanted some- 15.Young, the artist, said aboriginal Austral-
Australians drink, watch people say Jan. 26 thing more lasting to be ians in Fitzroy just wanted to again find a
fireworks and party, not marks a legacy of done. They spoke with the way to lead the conversation — to challenge
unlike July 4 in the United dispossession and council about moving Aus- Australia’s white establishment to formally
States — marks a legacy of a destruction of tralia Day celebrations to a recognize its complicated past and the fact
dispossession and a de- different date. Shortly after that the country is now a mix of many dif-
struction of their culture. their culture. the council’s decision, a ferent cultures and backgrounds.
Indigenous communities statue of the Capt. James
sometimes refer to the date Cook, the explorer, was de- 16.“To have a strong future is reconnecting
faced in Sydney, with “change the date” and with our past,” he said. He was standing just
“no pride in genocide” painted all over it, in front of a mural he painted on the side of
which Turnbull declared was part of a “to- Charcoal Lane, a social enterprise restaurant,
root here origin / teens adolescence / to usher into to
talitarian campaign” to obliterate the coun- which he said paid tribute to Fitzroy’s endur-
invite, bring in, here, introduce to / back then at the time / try’s history. ing aboriginal identity. It showed a mix of
landmark here, famous. prominent aboriginal heroes and a flag with
10. to spread, spread, spread over to encompass / 14.The statue’s inscription asserting that the word “sovereignty.” l
empowerment emancipation / comfort consolation / to Cook discovered Australia ignited criticism
question to call into question, to contest / gentrification
transformation of a working-class area into a middle-class that it ignored tens of thousands of years of
area / to pass down to transmit.
11. to be ashamed to feel shame / awareness 15. establishment group of people that hold the most
consciousness, understanding / to pay, paid, paid power and influence / background origins.
tribute to to publicly express admiration and respect. 16. mural large wall painting, fresco / enduring
12. fireworks small devices that explode in the air 13. lasting durable, permanent / to deface to damage / longlasting, continuing / prominent important, famous /
producing coloured lights and loud noises, used at pride feeling of honour and satisfaction. flag cloth with symbol on representing a country,
celebrations / legacy heritage. 14. to assert to affirm / to ignite to spark off, provoke. organization etc / sovereignty supremacy of authority.

8 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er

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 I Société I AUSTRALIE

Focus
Key facts about TIMELINE
Aboriginal Australians 60,000 – Ancestors of the
40,000 Aboriginal people
years ago arrived in Australia. 

1770 James Cook charted

the east coast and claimed
it for Great Britain.
1788 On 26 January, the First Fleet
of 11 ships – carrying 1,500
people, half of them convicts
– arrived in Sydney Harbour.
1901 The 6 colonies united to form
the Federal Commonwealth
of Australia.
1967 In a national referendum,
90 per cent of Australians
voted to remove clauses in
the Constitution which
discriminated against
Indigenous people.
2008 The Australian Parliament
Indigenous Australian art: passed a motion of Apology
Dot painting of Kangaroo. to Indigenous Peoples for
(Chameleons Eye/Shutters/SIPA)
past mistreatment and
injustices.
CULTURE AND IDENTITY 2009 The Australian Government
committed $26.6 million for
Aboriginal people have one of the oldest living cultures in the the establishment of a
world. At the core of their culture is a very strong spiritual Healing Foundation to
connection to the land. Uluru, also known as Ayers Rock, in address trauma in the
Northern Territory, is one of the most impressive Aboriginal Indigenous community, with
(Chameleons Eye/SIPA)

sacred sites. a focus on the Stolen

Indigenous spiritual beliefs, along with the local laws and Generations (see box below).
history, are shared through the “Dreamtime” mythology.
These “Dreamtime stories” were passed down from timeline chronology / to chart to make a geographical
generation to generation through art, dance and song and tell representation of an area, here, to travel along / fleet
group of ships / convict prisoner / to pass to adopt /
the story of the creation of the landscape and its inhabitants. mistreatment cruel and inhumane treatment / to
core centre, heart / impressive inspiring, magnificent / along with together with / Dreamtime time of creation in the commit to promise to do sth / to address to deal with /
mythology of Australian aborigines / to pass down to transmit / landscape natural surroundings, environment. trauma severe emotional/mental distress / with a focus
on... paying particular attention to....

WHO ARE THE “STOLEN GENERATIONS”?

The New York Times' article mentions that actor Uncle Jack Charles was taken from his family as a result of Australia's assimilation policy. He is one of
the 100,000 Indigenous children – also known as the “Stolen Generations” – who were forcibly removed from their parents between 1910 and 1970.
These children were often under 5 years old and were adopted by white families or brought up in institutions. They were particularly vulnerable to
sexual assault, abuse and exploitation.
In 2008, the Australian Parliament passed a motion of Apology and Prime Minister Kevin Rudd acknowledged that this policy had “inflicted profound
grief, suffering and loss on these our fellow Australians.” The apology included a proposal for a policy commission to close the gap between Indigenous
and non-Indigenous Australians in “life expectancy, educational achievement and economic opportunity.”
as a result of due to / forcibly by force / to bring, brought, brought up to raise / sexual assault sexual abuse / to acknowledge to officially recognise / grief suffering, mental
anguish / loss sadness as a result of losing a loved one / fellow Australian compatriot / to close the gap to reduce the disparity / life expectancy average number of years a person
will live based on statistical probabilities / educational achievement academic success.

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 Société I Paris 2024
THE GUARDIAN ANGELIQUE CHRISAFIS
PARIS'S
OLYMPIC
PROMISE
The Olympic Games: Paris
under pressure
The Olympics are coming to Paris in 2024 and this is giving
rise to new hopes and aspirations locally. Saint-Denis, a
suburb north of Paris, has been promised significant
investment, such as the construction of an Olympic village,
an aquatic centre, local job creation and housing.
Will these really come to pass?
I t was a gamble that Paris couldn’t af-
ford to lose. After decades of humiliat-
ing failures in bids to host the Olympics –
including tearfully losing to London in
2012 – the French capital has finally won
the 2024 Games.
2.The city is now under pressure to prove it
can deliver its promised new style of organ-
ising the event: cheaper, greener, with no
white-elephant building projects and able
to change the fortunes of local communities.
3.Local politicians pleaded that Paris hosting
the world’s biggest sporting spectacle would
restore the city’s pride, bring back the tourists
who have stayed away after terrorist at-
1. gamble bet, risk / to afford to risk / decade period of
ten years / failure defeat / bid attempt, effort, here,
campaign / to host to organise an event / tearfully with
tears of sadness.
2. pressure stress / to deliver to provide, here, to achieve,
to produce / cheap inexpensive / white-elephant
useless but very costly / fortunes fate, destiny, luck.
3. to plead to present as an argument / pride feeling of
honour /
10 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
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I FRANCE I  B2-C1
(Harsin/Sipa)
tacks and reconcile the thriving capital with
its poorer, deprived northern suburbs.
4.Paris’s argument was also that, after dec-
6. Saint-Denis was promised sporting trans-
formation 20 years ago when the Stade
de France was built there for the 1998 foot-
ball World Cup, but it still has far higher
ades of overspending and waste in other rates of poverty and unemployment than
Olympic host cities such as Athens and the capital and suffers overcrowding on
Barcelona, France could do things more ef- public transport.
ficiently. Paris already has 95% of the sport-
ing facilities in place and does not need to
build a main stadium, unlike London in 2012.
6. far much / rate level, percentage / overcrowding
congestion, excessive number of passengers.
SAINT-DENIS BACK
IN THE GAME
5.But Paris was seen to have lost to London in
2012 in part because it was too focused on its
city centre while the British vaunted the re-
generation of Stratford in east London. So the SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
focus of the 2024 plan is regenerating Saint-
Denis, the diverse, deindustrialised town that “The town that nudges
nudges up against the north of Paris.
up against the north of
Paris” (cf. § 5)
thriving prosperous / deprived underprivileged /
Comparez :
suburbs residential area outside the centre of a city. to nudge pousser du coude, donner
4. overspending excessive spending / waste useless use
un (petit) coup de coude
of resources / such as like (for example)... / efficiently she’s nudging fifty  elle approche de
effectively but with minimum expense / facilities
equipment, infrastructure. la cinquantaine
the temperature was nudging 35°C 
5. to be focused on to be centered on / to vaunt to
boast, to speak proudly about / to nudge up against to la température frôlait les 35°C
touch, to push gently against.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
09/10/2017 15:20
 Retrouvez plus de tests dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter

7.Only a few new Olympic venues will be

built and these will be mostly in Saint-Den-
is, including a vast aquatics facility. Politi-
cians promise the pools will then serve
residents in an area where half of pre-teens
do not know how to swim.

8.The athletes’ village will also be built in

Saint-Denis, near the Cinema City film stu-
dios created in a disused power station by
the film-maker Luc Besson. After the Games,
the village will be turned into housing.
France is keen to move on from its reputation
for building ghetto housing estates and will
allocate half to social housing and the rest
to private sales. With private investors lead-
ing the project, building work began be-
fore Paris secured the Games.

9.Valérie Pecresse, the rightwing head of the

Île-de-France region outside Paris, has spo-
ken of “reconnecting” the town of Saint-
Denis. Plans to extend the Paris area’s public
transport network were in the pipeline be-
fore the Olympic bid. Children running with Tony Estanguet and Patrick Baumann, Stade de France, Saint-Denis, 15 May. (Harsin/Sipa)
image that is often stuck to us,” hinting at economists say costs are likely to rise. Lon-
AN OPPORTUNITY? snobbery towards the diverse town where don in 2012, Athens in 2004 and Sydney in
10.But also at play is the future of the wider some of the 2015 Paris attackers hid out in a 2000 all saw their budgets for hosting the
Seine-Saint-Denis  départe- slum flat before  a police Summer Olympics at least double between
ment, the poorest county in siege. On the night of the the launch of their bids and the final bill.
France, which stretches well The pools will Paris attacks, the first bomb-
beyond the town of Saint- then serve ers struck outside the Stade 14.Paris argues that it will build temporary
Denis towards the deprived residents in an de France. sites at key landmarks using eco-materials
housing estates north-east of that will keep the carbon footprint and cost
Paris where the 2005 urban
area where half 12. Some fear that the Olym- down. Open-water and triathlon swimming
riots began. of pre-teens do pic development in Saint- are planned to be held in the river Seine after
not know how Denis could lead to gentrifi- authorities clean up dirty waterways. The
11. Laurent Russier, the com- to swim. cation, forcing locals out. Grand Palais will host fencing and taek-
munist mayor of the town of Pierre Mansat, an adviser to wondo. Triathlon and marathon events will
Saint-Denis, said the Olym- the Paris mayor, Anne Hi- be based around the Eiffel Tower.
pics were “an opportunity to end the bad dalgo, told the website Enlarge Your Paris this
week: “Elected officials in Seine-Saint-Denis 15.The French president, Emmanuel Macron,
have an urban vision that is sufficiently in- has said the Olympics will be crucial for
7. venue place where an event is organised / area place / clusive and based on solidarity to prevent France, describing the award of the Games
pre-teen pre-adolescent. that phenomenon.” as “a gesture that shows that in our long-
8. disused which is no longer used / power station term battle against terrorism, we don’t stop
building where electricity is produced / film-maker film 13.The Paris Olympics budget, at around big events.” l
director / to turn into to transform into / housing
property / to be keen to to want very much / to move on
€6.6bn, is historically low and already some
to change, to turn the page / housing estate area of
social housing / to allocate to designate / to secure to
obtain, to win. to be likely to to be probable to / to rise, rose, risen to
9. rightwing conservative, right-leaning / to extend to to stick, stuck, stuck to to attach / to hint at to allude go up, to increase / at least no less than / launch start /
prolong, to develop / network system / in the pipeline to / snobbery condescending attitude / to hide, hid, bill invoice, cost.
being planned. hidden out to find refuge / slum run-down, ghetto / flat 14. to argue to assert, to say / landmark historic
10. at play involved, to be considered / wider here, as a apartment / to strike, struck, struck to hit, to attack. monument, famous tourist site / footprint impression,
whole / county administrative district / to stretch to 12. to fear to be afraid / gentrification transformation of here, impact / open-water outside body of water / to be
extend / beyond further than / riot violent a working-class area into a middle-class area / adviser held to take place / to clean up to make clear, to
demonstration. consultant, counsellor / to enlarge to make bigger, to depollute / dirty polluted / waterway canal, river /
11. mayor head of a city government / expand, to develop / official political representative / to fencing sport of using an épée in attack and defense.
prevent to avoid, to stop. 15. award here, act of being given/winning sth.
13. bn = billion (one thousand million) /

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 Société I Economie I
USA TODAY JON SWARTZ
THE BITCOIN GENERATION
Rise of the virtual currency, bitcoin
According to a study by the University of Cambridge, there are now more than three million users of virtual currency
worldwide. Bitcoin, whose value was zero when created in 2009, has skyrocketed recently. While some believe it is a financial
‘bubble’, there are many virtual money fans who swear by it. Who are they and what motivates them?
S AN FR ANCISCO — Nearly half of
Americans are unsure of the legality
of bitcoin, a new study suggested last
month, yet a loyal group of its advocates
embrace it as a symbol of financial and
philosophical freedom.
2. "I
believe there is a strong chance that it
may someday revolutionize significant parts
of our financial infrastructure," says Aaron
Hanson, a software engineer from Chicago.
3. Hanson uses bitcoin wherever he can — to
buy food at an empanada restaurant, airline
tickets, his honeymoon in Africa this year
— listing it alongside technology and indi-
vidual freedom as his three beliefs in life.
4. Austin Craig, a practicing Mormon who
attended Brigham Young University, went
a step further: He lived entirely on bitcoin
during the first three months of his mar-
riage and chronicled it in a documenta-
ry, "Life On Bitcoin".
1. nearly almost / yet however, despite this / advocate
partisan, defender / to embrace to adopt, accept
(enthusiastically), welcome / freedom liberty.
2. someday one day in the future / significant
considerable, important / software (inv.) engineer
programmer, person who designs and writes programs for
computers.
3. wherever anywhere (that accepts it) / empanada
Latin American pastry filled with meat and vegetables /
honeymoon holiday for a newly married couple /
alongside with.
4. to attend to be a student at / to go, went, gone a
step further to take sth to the next level / to chronicle to
record, report.
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ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
5. "Mormons are descendants of pioneers
who carved their livelihood out of the wil-
derness," he says, describing the cryptocur-
rency's appeal to members of The Church
of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. "There
is a strong element of rugged individuals,
self-sufficiency."
6. Welcome to the mind-set of a typical bit-
coin owner. For many, it is a lifestyle, some-
thing to be valued more than gold for finan-
cial investments and shielding personal
information from the prying eyes of a dis-
trusted government.
7. Most Americans (78.5%) are familiar with
the cryptocurrency, according to a survey of
5. to carve to draw, extract, forge / livelihood means of
supporting one’s existence / out of here, from /
wilderness uncultivated, natural area of land /
cryptocurrency virtual money / appeal attraction,
popularity / (the) Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints Mormon Church / rugged hard and rough, robust /
self-sufficiency self reliance, independence.
6. mind-set vision of things, attitude / typical
characteristic, representative / owner proprietor, user / to
shield to protect / prying inquisitive / distrusted
causing a lack of trust, confidence.
7. to be familiar with to know
of / according to as stated/
reported by / survey poll,
study, investigation /
1,000 Americans by LendEDU, a personal
finance comparison site. But 48% aren't sure
it's legal and 11% consider bitcoin ownership
illegal in the U.S.
8. Still, 40% were open to using bitcoin in the
future, says Michael Brown, research analyst
at LendEDU.
9. For those with any doubt about the digital
currency, they need look no further than its
true believers, who have embraced bitcoin as
a way of life and help drive its prices to record
highs, causing some analysts to warn of a
bitcoin bubble.
10. The digital currency, whose finite quan-
tities are created by computer programs,
trades outside the traditional financial
system, an attraction for people who have
doubts — or at least seek an alternative — to
mainstream institutions.
11. "There’s certainly a libertarian feel" to the
beliefs of bitcoin users, says Melanie Shapiro,
ownership possession.
8. still yet.
9. way of life lifestyle / to drive, drove,
driven to push, propel / high new level
/ to cause to result in, lead to / to
warn of to caution in advance /
bubble booming economic
activity that can suddenly
collapse.
10. to trade to buy and sell,
here, to be exchanged, used / at
least if nothing else / to seek,
sought, sought to look for /
mainstream conventional,
traditional.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
09/10/2017 17:45

Opening ceremony of a bitcoin retail shop in Hong Kong. (Kin Cheung/AP/SIPA)
CEO of Token, an identity-ring maker in New
York. "But we’re technologists, and technol-
ogy provides freedom" from centralized
government systems.
12.Their long-term passion and principles
have paid off handsomely: on Tuesday (19
September), bitcoin closed at $4,009 per token
— twice its price in July, and significantly
more than when Shapiro and her husband
bought it for $2 in 2011.
DIGITAL GOLD?
13.The currency, which surfaced in early
2009 from someone using the name of Sa-
toshi Nakamoto, has slowly evolved from cult
curiosity to widespread lifestyle choice, with
elements of political and religious fervor.
14.What began as a currency championed
by libertarians advocating decentralized
currency or criminals trying to avoid law
11. CEO = Chief Executive Officer (US), managing director
(GB) / identity ring ring that contains classified data
normally stored in a credit card and other personal devices
/ to provide to offer.
12. to pay, paid, paid off to reap rewards, bring profit /
handsomely considerably, significantly / to close at to
finish the day of trading (stock market) / token here,
metal disk with symbol impression / husband spouse.
13. to surface to appear / widespread extending widely.
14. to champion to defend / to avoid to escape / law
enforcement application of the law, legal institutions /
AA 12-13-764-Isa.indd 13
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enforcement has been embraced by venture
capitalists and investors. It's not main-
stream yet — too many people are wary of
its high risk and complicated tools — but it's
getting there.
15. “It is the first global, highly liquid form of
currency,” says Mike Jones, CEO of Science,
a business incubator that owns and trades
cryptocurrency. "Much more so than gold. It
is about opening financial markets globally."
16. "It is digital gold," says Overstock CEO
Patrick Byrne, whose online retailer was one
of the first to accept bitcoin payment.
17. There is a "doomsday sentiment" among
many bitcoin users, who horde the currency
along with nonperishable food and drinks in
the event of an emergency. Byrne's Salt Lake
City-based company has stockpiled several
million dollars worth of cryptocurrency, $12
million in gold and a 30-day supply of food
venture capitalist person/company which provides capital
for innovative projects / wary cautious, on one’s guard
against / it’s getting there it is on the verge of success.
15. global international / it is about... it is a question of.
16. online retailer sales site online.
17. doomsday Judgment Day / among with / to horde to
accumulate, store, keep / along with together with, as
well as / in the event of in case of / to stockpile to stock
/ worth with a value of... / supply provision, reserve /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
employees (employés)
cf. § 17 / devotees
(adeptes) cf. § 18
Le suffixe “ee” est également utilisé
pour :
interviewees (candidats/
interviewés)
trainees (stagiaires)
examinees (candidats)
absentees (absents)
signees (signataires)
to feed all of its 2,000 employees there. Byrne
is convinced the U.S. dollar will dramati-
cally weaken, as has currency in Venezuela,
because of a crippling debt, thus strengthen-
ing bitcoin and other digital currency.
18. That, in part, is motivation for bitcoin
fanatics — but not the entire story, financial
analysts say. "Devotees are motivated less
by financial than their passion for distribut-
ing power to the masses," says Jawad An-
sari, managing director of investment firm
Boustead Securities. l
to feed, fed, fed to provide food for / to convince to
persuade / to weaken to make less strong, feebler /
crippling paralysing, disabling, incapacitating, here,
crushing / debt money owed, deficit / thus as a result,
consequently / to strengthen to make stronger, reinforce.
18. devotee supporter, fan / managing director person
in charge, general director.
VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 13
09/10/2017 17:45
 Enjeux I Brexit I  B2-C1

SUPPLÉMENT VIDÉO
Découvrez le reportage vidéo
et testez votre compréhension sur
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Brexit demonstration, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 29 March 2017. (McErlane/LNP/SIPA)

THE GUARDIAN EDITORIAL

THE IRISH BORDER: THE UK’S

BREXIT BLIND SPOT
Unknown territory for Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic post-Brexit
(blind spot subject that is difficult to understand)
One of the big issues of Brexit is the border between the Republic of Ireland, which belongs to the European Union, and Northern
Ireland, which is part of the UK and therefore part of the exit. The government, led by Theresa May, needs to avoid the return to a
‘hard’ border, but concrete solutions are not in evidence at present. British centre-left newspaper, The Guardian takes up its

T
position in an interesting editorial on the subject.

wo weeks before last year’s EU refer- tions of peace in Northern Ireland and sabotage The leave campaign had effectively cast the re-
endum, Sir John Major and Tony Blair relations with the Irish Republic. Such a sombre main camp as serial alarmists and discredited
appeared together at an event in County Derry note struck by two former prime ministers the collective voice of experience and expertise.
to warn that Brexit could undermine the founda- should have resonated long and loud. It did not. The Irish challenge was forgotten as another

1. County Derry one of the six counties of Northern to strike, struck, struck a sombre note here, to speak leave campaign Pro-Brexit campaign / to cast, cast,
Ireland / to undermine the foundations of to weaken, with such a grave tone / cast sb as to present sb as / serial perpetual /
to destroy /

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face of “project fear”. But, like many warnings
written off under that rubric, this one was ac-
curate.  negotiations, reiterated that progress on settling
2. Brexit makes the border between Northern
Ireland and the Republic an external frontier of
the EU. It also follows from the UK government’s
choice to quit the single market and customs
union that new regulation will be needed. Neither
side wants a hard border and David Davis calls
for “imagination” in navigating the challenge.
But he cannot imagine his way out of the facts.  border problem until it knows what the trade
3. The European commission view, published in
September, is that the UK has chosen to recreate
the border and so it falls to the British govern-
face aspect / warning alert, advance information about
a potential problem / to write, wrote, written off to
dismiss an unimportant, to disregard / accurate right.
2. customs union association of nations promoting free
trade / regulation ruling, law / side party, group / hard
border physical border with the presence of customs
officials / David Davis British Conservative politician
who is Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union
/ to navigate here, to manage, to deal with / to imagine
one’s way out of the facts to find a solution to the
situation without facing facts.
3. to fall, fell, fallen to to be the responsibility of... /
What is the Good
Friday Agreement?
The Good Friday Agreement brought peace
to Northern Ireland after three decades of
violence between the Catholic and
Protestant factions. More than 3,500
people died in this conflict, including over
1,800 civilians. The peace deal  was signed
on April 10, 1998. It was concluded between
Northern Ireland’s political parties, as well
as the British and Irish governments.
The Good Friday Agreement included
commitments to the disbanding of
paramilitary organisations and the
normalisation of security arrangements. It
was approved in referendums both in the
Republic of Ireland (Eire) and Northern
Ireland (Ulster). It helped set up the
power-sharing Assembly in Northern
Ireland between Sinn Fein (the nationalist
party) and the DUP (the Democratic
Unionist Party). It also included an
arrangement for cross-border cooperation
between the governments of Ireland and
Northern Ireland.
deal  agreement / commitment agreement,
promise / disbanding dissolution of an organisation
/ power-sharing Assembly devolved legislature,
here, Northern Ireland Assembly.
AA 14-15-764-Isa.indd 15
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
ment to come up with proposals to make it work.
Michel Barnier, Mr Davis’s counterpart in the
Irish concerns is a precondition for advancement
to the second phase of Brexit talks – the post-
departure trade deal that Mr Davis is desperate
to discuss.  actions as they appear from overseas.
CATCH-22
4. There is a catch-22 here: the UK cannot talk
trade without a border deal and it cannot fix the
situation will be. Mr Barnier knows this, which
is why he emphasises the integrity of the Good
Friday peace agreement – drafted in terms that
presume UK membership of the EU – more than
the final status of the border, although the two
are linked. 
5. The EU’s interest in the Good Friday agree-
ment goes beyond legal technicality. It is an
axiom of the European project that membership
elides borders, fostering mutual economic inter-
dependency and prosperity, thereby advancing
peace among nations. That is a foundational
principle as keenly felt in Brussels as it is mis-
understood in London.  its neighbours. l
6. UK governments also regularly underesti-
mate the EU’s capacity to amplify the interests
of smaller states. Irish politicians and diplomats
acted swiftly and deftly to make sure their
perspective was central to Brexit talks, while
their counterparts in London still thought eve-
rything could be stitched up in a phone call to
Berlin. That delusion still persists among many
Brexiters. They should remember that a treaty
settling the EU’s relations with Britain must be
ratified in 27 capitals, including Dublin.  indifferent, nonchalant.
7. That challenge exposes a deeper failing in the
government’s approach: refusal to recognise that
to come, came, come up with to find, to think of, to
propose / counterpart equivalent / to settle to resolve
/ concern problem / talks discussions, negotiations /
trade deal tax and tariff treaty between countries to
facilitate commerce / to be desperate to to want to
very much.
4. catch-22 inextricable situation, vicious circle
(expression created by Joseph Heller in the novel
Catch-22 (1961)) / to emphasise to insist upon / Good
Friday peace Agreement peace agreement signed in
1998 in Belfast which created the Northern Ireland
Assembly / to draft to write / to presume to suppose.
5. technicality detail / to elide to eliminate / to foster
to encourage / thereby as a result / to advance to
promote / keenly here, profoundly.
6. swiftly quickly / deftly expertly, skilfully /
counterpart equivalent / to stitch up to sort out, to
settle / delusion illusion.
7. to expose to reveal / failing flaw, weakness, fault /
Brexit inflicts costs on allies, and the greatest
cost on the nearest neighbours. There is no up-
side for Ireland, only degrees of harm. Dublin
bears this with patience, mindful that the mis-
fortune arises from a democratic vote. Theresa
May lacks equivalent empathy, unable to see her
 
8. Where Northern Ireland is concerned, she is
also compromised by reliance on the Demo-
cratic Unionist party to pass legislation through
the Commons. That deal already tests the duty
of neutrality imposed on the UK government
as a co-sponsor of the peace process. It will raise
multiple concerns when parliament comes to
vote on Brexit preparations. Yet Mrs May shows
no hint of sensitivity to that hazard. 
9. Despite all the evidence that Ireland holds the
key to a realistic appraisal of Brexit challenges
and the clear moral and political obligation to
address the border issue as a matter of first
priority, the UK government’s stance is lacka-
daisical. The problem is not a lack of imagination
on the EU side. It is the UK government’s lack
of application to the task and lack of respect for
upside positive side / degrees of harm levels of
detriment (to a greater or lesser degree) / mindful aware
/ misfortune adversity / to arise, arose, arisen from to
be a result of / overseas abroad.
8. reliance dependence / to pass to vote for, to adopt /
Commons (House of Commons) lower house of
Parliament in the UK / sponsor supporter / to show,
showed, shown no hint of... to reveal no sign of... /
hazard risk, danger.
9. evidence (inv.) proof, indication(s) / appraisal
assessment, evaluation / to address to deal with /
stance attitude, position / lackadaisical apathetic,
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Premiers ministres
britanniques :
2016 Theresa May, Conservative
2010 David Cameron, Conservative
2007 Gordon Brown, Labour
1997 Tony Blair, Labour
1990 John Major, Conservative
1979 Margaret Thatcher,
Conservative
1976 James Callaghan, Labour
1974 Harold Wilson, Labour
1970 Edward Heath, Conservative
1964 Harold Wilson, Labour
VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 15
09/10/2017 18:09
 À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

(Cover Asia Press / Faisal/SIPA)

Let there be light
India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi has
launched a plan to electrify 40 million
households – roughly a quarter of the
population - by 2018. The scheme will cost
approximately $2.5 billion. “The government
will connect each house, whether it is in [a]
village, a city or in remote locations,” Modi
said in his speech. “No poor person will have
to pay for the connection… We have decided

(Dubai Media Centre)

that no poor person will bear this burden.”
let there be light bible reference / to launch to
establish, initiate, put in place / household home,
family / roughly approximately / scheme plan,
project, programme / billion thousand million /
whether it is here, if it is either... / remote far,

Mars City
isolated, distant / location area, place / to bear,
bore, borne to carry (fig.), to assume / burden weight,
load, here, cost.
Dubai has unveiled plans to build a prototype Mars City in the desert. The United
Arab Emirates government has assigned Danish architect Bjarke Ingels to work
on the Mars Science City project. At a cost of nearly $140 million, it will cover 1.9
million square feet and will provide "a viable and realistic model to simulate liv-
ing on the surface of Mars." The project aims at attracting "the best scientific
minds from around the world," according to the press release. Mars Science City

(Hasan Jamali/AP/SIPA)
is part of Dubai's Mars Strategy, which seeks to build the first settlement on the
red planet by 2117.
to unveil to reveal, present / plan project / to assign to designate, appoint / nearly almost / square foot (pl. feet)
0.09m2 / to provide to constitute, offer / to aim at to attempt to, try to, have as an objective / scientific mind scientist
/ around all over / according to as stated/reported by / press release statement issued to the media / to be part of to
be an integral aspect of / to seek, sought, sought to try to, attempt to, have as a objective / settlement place where
people live, community.
The right to drive
Saudi Arabia’s King Salman has issued a
Trudeau’s new rival? decree allowing women to drive. The Gulf
kingdom was the only country in the world
Jagmeet Singh has become the that banned women from driving. Until
first non-white politician to head a now, only men were allowed licences and
major political party in Canada. women who drove in public risked being
The 38 year-old lawyer from arrested and fined. Following the decree,
Toronto was elected on 1 October women will no longer need permission from
to lead the New Democratic Party a legal guardian to get a licence and will not
(left). He beat three other need a guardian in the car when they drive.
candidates, winning 53.6 percent The royal order will be implemented by 24
of the votes cast by party June 2018.
members. Singh is a son of Indian
(Chris Young/AP/SIPA)

right legal entitlement / to issue a decree here, to

immigrants and a practising Sikh. change the law by royal decree / to allow sb to to
He has built a reputation as a permit, authorise / (the) Gulf kingdom Saudi Arabia
progressive force in Canadian / to ban sb from (+ger.) to prohibit sb from /
politics, choosing "With Love and licence driving permit / to fine to demand a sum of
Courage" as his campaign slogan. money as punishment for a crime / no longer not any
more / to implement to introduce, adopt, apply.
to head to preside over, direct, lead / lawyer legal representative / to cast, cast, cast a vote to vote / son male child.

16 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
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novembre 2017

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 www.vocable.fr

PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…

AUGUSTIN HABRAN

A la banque
Que vous partiez en week-end à Londres ou aux
États-Unis pour une année d’échange, vous aurez
toujours affaire à la banque… carte bancaire,
retrait… et surtout découvert… Pas de panique, on
vous dit tout ici !

NIVEAU BASIQUE DE VOTRE SUPPLEMENT SONORE

Money, money, money… Notre animatrice Shelly

(ISTOCK)
passe en revue les mots indispensables pour bien
gérer vos finances quand vous partez en voyage.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3

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Attention à la différence entre debit card et credit card aux États-
Vocabulaire clé Unis ! La debit card correspond à notre carte de crédit en France,
associée à un compte-chèque, avec une autorisation éventuelle de
découvert et sur lequel la somme payée avec la carte est débitée en 1
appointment rendez-vous debit débiter ou 2 jours. Le credit card est une carte avec laquelle on paie à crédit.
ATM, cash machine debit card carte de Elle est liée à un compte indépendant par lequel la banque vous prête
distributeur paiement de l’argent à hauteur du montant maximal de dépense autorisé.
bank banque declined refusé (paiement)
bank account compte en direct debit prélèvement
banque emergency services Expressions à retenir
bank clerk employé de services d’urgence
banque financial consultant You can have access to your accounts online. Vous pouvez avoir
bank details RIB conseiller financier accès à vos comptes en ligne.
banking suspension insurance assurance I would like to make a transfer. Je voudrais effectuer un virement.
interdit bancaire interest rate taux d’intérêt I’m calling because my card was declined and I don’t really
understand why. Je vous appelle car ma carte a été refusée et je ne
block the card faire investment, deal comprends pas vraiment pourquoi.
opposition à la carte placement, investissement My card was stolen and used to purchase goods. On m’a volé ma
bancaire liquidity liquidité carte et on a effectué des achats avec.
borrow emprunter loan prêt, emprunt I would like to open an account. J’aimerais ouvrir un compte.
branch agence note (GB), bill (US) billet You have exceeded your overdraft limit. Vous avez dépassé votre
broker courtier en bourse overdraft découvert découvert autorisé.
budget budgéter overdraft authorization
bureau de change bureau découvert autorisé
de change overdraft charges agios Testez-vous
cash liquide overdraft limit plafond de
cash deposit dépôt découvert autorisé Associez chaque mot de la première liste à un mot
d’argent ownership saving scheme de la seconde :
cheque (GB), check (US) plan épargne logement
chèque 1- overdraft a- overdraft limit
save up épargner
chequebook (GB), 2- withdrawal b- block
savings économies
checkbook (US) chéquier 3- note c- interest rate
savings account livret A
coins pièces 4- theft d- cash
trader trader
counter, desk guichet 5- declined e- charges
transfer virement
credit créditer 6- borrow f- ATM
withdrawal retrait
credit card carte de crédit
currency monnaie, devise
SOLUTIONS : 1-e ; 2-f ; 3-d ; 4-b ; 5-a ; 6-c.

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 PRATIC’ABLE  / Grammaire  /

JOAN GREENWOOD

Getting things done.

Piqûre de rappel
1
Remarquez ces 3 Complétez les phrases avec les verbes entre parenthèses, en
suivant les modèles de la piqûre de rappel.
formes grammaticales
(les verbes entre 1. They / us / down. (invited / sit)
___________________________________________________________________________
parenthèses suivent le
2. He / his secretary / them / a letter. (got / send)
même modèle) :
___________________________________________________________________________
(1) to make someone do 3. The conditions / only members / meetings. (stipulate / attend)
something ___________________________________________________________________________
4. We’ll / the gardener / those trees down. (have / chop)
(let, have)
___________________________________________________________________________
(2) to ask someone to do 5. Try / her / sense (make / see)
something ___________________________________________________________________________

(allow, permit, order, get, 6. You should / everyone / some form of identification (demand / bring)
___________________________________________________________________________
want, invite, force)
7. In an emergency you must / everyone / the room immediately. (order / vacate)
(3) to demand that ___________________________________________________________________________
someone does 8. Don’t / people / in the aisles. (let / stand)
something ___________________________________________________________________________

(request, stipulate) 7. In an emergency you must order everyone to vacate the room immediately. 8. Don’t let people stand in the aisles.
5. Try to make her see sense. 6. You should demand that everyone bring some form of identification.
3. The conditions stipulate that only members attend meetings. 4. We’ll have the gardener chop those trees down.
SOLUTIONS : 1. They invited us to sit down. 2. He got his secretary to send them a letter.

2
Un couple vient de faire faire des travaux. Complétez les phrases
suivantes avec les verbes proposés.
cut built landscaped painted delivered
1. We had an extension ...................................
2. We had the room .........................................
3. We had the sofa ..........................................
4. We had new keys .........................................
5. We had the garden .....................................
sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture 4. We had new keys cut. 5. We had the garden landscaped.
générale sur notre site internet ! SOLUTIONS : 1. We had an extension built. 2. We had the room painted. 3. We had the sofa delivered.

18 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
er
novembre 2017

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  / Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

JOAN GREENWOOD

Soignez votre orthographe !

Le saviez-vous ?
1
Catch-22 (voir l’article “The Irish border: the UK’s Brexit blind spot”) Voici l’orthographe
est un roman de Joseph Heller publié en 1961 aux Etats-Unis. C’est britannique de certains mots.
une satire féroce de l’armée, de la hiérarchie et de la Seconde Comment les Américains les
écrivent-ils ?
Guerre mondiale. Capitaine Yossarian, navigateur-bombardier tente
à tout prix de sauver sa vie en simulant la folie. Mais l’article 22 du through ............................
règlement de la base prévoit que “Quiconque veut se faire dispenser night ............................
d’aller au feu n’est pas réellement fou.” Ainsi, un individu dont la colour ............................
santé mentale est altérée n’est pas tenu de prendre part aux socialise ............................
missions aériennes. Mais s’il utilise cet argument pour se faire theatre ............................
dispenser, il montre justement qu’il est en bonne santé mentale et
orthopaedic ............................
doit en conséquence prendre part au combat.
catalogue ............................
L’expression Catch-22 désigne aujourd’hui une situation perdant- pretence ............................
perdant (inextricable), ou, par extension, une situation kafkaïenne
ou encore de double contrainte. catalog, pretense
SOLUTIONS : thru, nite, color, socialize, theater, orthopedic,

2
Tendez l’oreille
1. W
 hich word contains the same vowel
sound as ‘foot’?
food shook though
2. Find the word that rhymes with ‘proud’.
mood aloud rude
3. Which word has the same sound as the
beginning of ‘scheme’?
machine fresh ask
4. T
 he ‘ch’ sound of ‘ache’ is also found in ...
key chip reach
5. The vowel sound in ‘south’ appears in
which of these?
route touch howl
6. W
 hich word contains an ‘h’ like the one in
‘host’?
hour honour horrible

6. horrible
SOLUTIONS : 1. shook 2. aloud 3. ask 4. key 5. howl

sur www.vocable.fr
Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 19

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 PRATIC’ABLE  / Vocabulaire www.vocable.fr

Jeux de mots
Paris will host the 2024 Games !
A retenir
1  Démêlez les mots suivants pour découvrir quelques 5 mots à mémoriser dans ce
« venues » (lieux, équipements) nécessaires à la réussite numéro
de ces Jeux Olympiques.
white-elephant objet superflu,
hetleate's ilavgel iman atudims gouffre financier
asaticuq afcitiesli
power station centrale
nninrug ckasrt nenist ortucs
électrique
ediam cerent
housing estate cité
nequisetra cerent fogl soucre
social housing logements
media center, equestrian center, golf course sociaux
SOLUTIONS : athlete’s village, main stadium, aquatics facilities, tennis courts, running tracks,
in the pipeline prévu

2
Quels sports y seront pratiqués ?
 
L'expression idiomatique
M       T   O  
W     Les Britanniques sont “trained to
  C   Empire, trained to rule the waves”
W T   I     H     N  
selon un personnage d’un roman
       Y
de John Le Carré. Vrai ou faux, il est
       
S   T Y   indéniable que beaucoup d’Anglais
W   T     P   L     ont toujours un sens aigu du
  L   L patriotisme comme en témoigne
    F     C      
l’ardeur avec laquelle ils chantent
M      
    S   I     N  
“Rule Britannia” lors de
      manifestations comme “The Last
  O   F     Night of the Proms”, célèbre
  concert de musique classique qui
 
se tient chaque année au “Royal
G
G
Albert Hall”:
“Rule, Britannia! Britannia, rule
N 
I 
E 
O 
G 
N 
F L  O G 
N 
the waves!
G  N
 A
I  L  I
T 
A  S G 
N 
I 
M
Britons never, never, never shall
G  N  I  C N  E  F I  M  be slaves.”
L I  L I
 L O  L O  P R   E T A  W
A  Y T S  S
B   R H  E 
 Y  E  G R 
E  N  O L H T  A  I R  T W

sur www.vocable.fr
 L C E 
 L R  W
N  O H T A R  A  M Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
SOLUTIONS : grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
V 

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21-GB764.indd 21
VOCABLE Du 10 au 24 décembre 2015
• 21
©2017 Edition vidéo France Télévisions Distribution. Tous droits réservés.

09/10/2017 14:29
 Enjeux I Territoire I
Gibraltar
THE GUARDIAN PHIL HOAD
GIBRALTAR IN THE
SPOTLIGHT
The Brexit effect on Gibraltar
This small British outpost, with its sunshine and palm trees, is
located at the tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Gibraltar has long
been a subject of contention between London and Madrid and
since the Brexit referendum, tension has begun mounting
again. This article offers some helpful insight into the history
of the “Rock”, the issues around the claims on both
sides, and its possible future.
W ith Brexit negotiations cur-
rently in a quagmire, those
holding fast to the Rock of Gibraltar have had
a chance to breathe these last few months.
April saw our tabloids raise the very 16th-
century idea of Anglo-Spanish war after the
EU confirmed a veto for Spain in discussions
about Gibraltar’s post-Brexit status. The spat
died down – but the 50th anniversary this
year of the 1967 referendum, in which 99.64%
of Gibraltarians voted to stay British, brings
the question of sovereignty bobbing to the
surface again.
2.With 30,000 crammed around the promon-
tory, it remains a British overseas territory;
1. in a quagmire to be stuck, bogged down, in stasis / to
hold, held, held fast to to be firmly attached to / very
‘oh so very’, rather / spat quarrel, argument / to die down
to calm down / to bob to the surface to rise to the
surface, reappear, come back.
2. to be crammed to be crowded / promontory here ref
to the ‘rock’ itself / overseas abroad, a foreign country /
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GIBRALTAR I  C2
self-governing and not part of the UK, but
ceding responsibility for defence and foreign
affairs to London. Spain has long demanded
its return, but Brexit added a new twist
down on the Costa del Brit: 96% of citizens
voted Remain.
BETWEEN A ROCK…
3. Despite the pro-EU feeling, Gibraltar has
resolved to stand with the UK. But – aside
from strengthening Spain’s claim on the
7km2 outcrop – Brexit brings other complica-
tions. Early suggestions were that the Span-
ish government may use negotiations to at-
self-governing autonomous / to demand to ask for /
twist new and unexpected development / Brit = British /
Remain here, in favour of staying in the European Union.
3. between a rock (and a hard place) in a difficult
situation with a choice between two unsatisfactory
options / to stand, stood, stood with to align with / to
strengthen to reinforce / claim assertion of a right to sth
/ outcrop rock formation that appears above the surface
of the surrounding land, here, water /
tack the tax-haven status that has made
Gibraltar a centre for banking, insurance,
gambling and online gaming; an “unjustified
privilege”, in its eyes. The status of Gibraltar
airport – awkwardly spanning the isthmus
behind the Rock that Spain claims is not
subject to the treaty granting Britain sover-
eignty – is another sticking point.
4.The fear is that, if Brexit turns nasty, Spain
might decide to shut the border. Not all locals
love the EU, but it has been a buffer against
headstrong politics. As Gibraltar chief min-
ister Fabian Picardo recently said: “It was
tax haven fiscally advantageous location / gambling
games of chance for money, here, casinos / awkwardly
inconveniently / to span to extend over / to grant to
accord, allow, agree to give / sticking point subject of
contention, difficult issue.
4. to turn nasty to become a source of strife, to become
contentious / local inhabitant / buffer protection /
headstrong here, extreme / chief minister leader of the
local government.
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
09/10/2017 15:38
 Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
Spanish succession. The treaties of Utrecht
In numbers rubber-stamped English ownership nine
years later; Spain has spent the last three
centuries trying to get Gibraltar back. Three
426m – height of the Rock.
sieges, Franco closing the border and diplo-
0.6 – banks per 1,000 macy in the era of decolonisation have all
people, the fifth highest per been fruitless. The Gibraltarians rejected a
capita rate in the world. second referendum – with sovereignty-
110 – goals conceded by sharing on the table – by close to 99% in 2002.
Gibraltar’s national football
team since being granted WHAT EVERYONE’S TALKING
Uefa membership in 2013. ABOUT
230 – Barbary macaques 6. The new ATM that accepts bitcoin in the
on the Rock, Europe’s only World Trade Center Gibraltar’s reception area
wild monkey population. – though you’d have to put in a fair amount
per capita per inhabitant / rate of conventional wedge (£3,562 at time of
here, proportion, percentage / writing) to get a whole bitcoin back. Few
goal point (here football score) /
UEFA - Union of European
real-world shops accept bitcoin yet, but the
Football Associations / wild living territory is intent on being ahead of the curve
in its natural habitat / monkey with cryptocurrency – despite some seeing
ape.
it as a challenge to traditional banking.
7.The Gibraltar Stock Exchange launched
Europe’s first regulated bitcoin asset last year,
while the Digital Currency Summit took
place there in May. The biggest announce-
ment was a proposal to regulate the underly-
ing blockchain technology. “In a world in
which reputation means so much, it’s under-
standable that Gibraltar wants to put itself
(Shutterstock/SIPA)
in a position to make the most of develop-
ments in this space, whilst not exposing itself
to reputational risk,” writes business consult-
ant Johann Olivera in the Gibraltar Chronicle.
WHAT’S NEXT FOR THE CITY?
only in the negotiations for the Spanish to 8. Sorting out its sewage problem, something
access the then European Economic Com- the current government promised to do when
munity that Spain finally opened the frontier.
We see the EU as a guarantor of the freedom
of movement of people.” to rubber-stamp here, to make official / ownership
possession / fruitless in vain, not producing the desired
HISTORY IN 100 WORDS result / on the table possible, proposed.
5. Its position on the northern tip of the 14km 6. ATM = automated teller machine cash machine /
bitcoin form of digitalized currency / a fair amount of a
strait between Europe and Africa has made lot of / wedge here, quantity of (conventional money,
Gibraltar one of the most fought-over scraps currency) / to be intent on to be determined to / to be
of land in the world. It was dubbed Jabal Tariq ahead of the curve to be proactive, in advance of /
cryptocurrency virtual money.
– corrupted into the current name – when
7. stock exchange market where stocks and bonds are
the Umayyad Moors seized it in 711. The traded / asset financial capital / underlying
kingdom of Castile annexed it for good in fundamental / blockchain technology digital records
1462, and it remained Spanish until 1704, which are linked and secured using cryptography, that
record transactions in a verifiable and permanent way / to
when an Anglo-Dutch fleet bombarded the make, made, made the most of to take advantage of,
garrison into submission during the war of enjoy / whilst while, and at the same time... /
reputational risk risk of harm to the reputation.
8. to sort out to solve, fix / sewage refuse or waste
5. tip end / strait very narrow piece of land / fought- carried off by sewers /
over disputed, / scrap piece / to dub to call, name / Moor
member of a group of Muslim people from North Africa
who controlled southern Spain between the 8th and 15th
centuries / to seize to capture / kingdom realm, domain /
fleet flotilla, group of ships / garrison military base /
AA 22-23-764-Steph.indd 23
it was elected in 2011. In May this year, the
European court of justice pulled up the ter-
ritory for continuing to pump raw sewage
out into the Mediterranean at Europa Point.
A slanging match erupted between the rul-
ing Gibraltar Socialist Labour party and the
opposition Gibraltar Social Democrats in
the country’s parliament. “I’ve seen [efflu-
ent] spread out in a slick trail far out to sea
when the waves aren’t so strong, so it’s not
inconceivable to think that it is travelling
to nearby beaches like Sandy Bay,” says
shadow environment spokesperson Trevor
Hammond. The government says part of the
delay in building a plant is due to the fact
Gibraltarian sewage is carried in salt water,
and any new system needs to account for
varying salinity levels. There is no native
water supply on the peninsula, a longstand-
ing problem. l
to pull up to criticise, call to order / to pump out to
release / raw untreated / slanging match exchange of
angry insults or criticisms / to erupt to break out, flare up /
ruling in power / Labour major centre-left U.K. party /
effluent liquid waste, here pollution / slick smooth and
shiny / trail here, patch / wave movement of sea / beach
area of sand or stones next to the sea / shadow cabinet of
the Opposition / spokesperson representative / plant
factory, industrial installation / water supply here, water
source / longstanding that has existed for a long time.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Tabloid cf. § 1
Un «tabloid» est un journal dont
le format correspond à la moitié
de celui d’un journal traditionnel
(un «broadsheet»).
En Grande-Bretagne ce format a
longtemps été réservé à la presse
populaire telle que The Daily Mail,
ou à la «gutter press» (dite
presse de caniveau), comme
The Sun.
Pour des raisons pratiques et de
coût de fabrication, de nombreux
«broadsheets» tels que The
Times, sont passés au format
tabloïd au cours des années
2000. Pour se distinguer des
journaux populaires, ces derniers
préfèrent se définir comme des
«compact newspapers».
VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 23
09/10/2017 15:38
 Culture I Danse I  B2-C1
THE NEW YORK TIMES NINA SIEGAL
DANCING
FOR
FREEDOM
Ahmad Joudeh, dancer in
difficult circumstances
Dance can be about or in reaction to just about anything. Dancing among the ruins of Syria, despite the war and its ensuing
dangers, is the destiny of Ahmad Joudeh, whose arabesques have been seen all over the world thanks to the documentary,
‘Dance or die’. As a result, he was invited to join the Netherland Dutch National Opera, leaving Damascus to live in Amsterdam,
A
where he continues to dance to promote peace. This is his story.
MSTERDAM — Last summer in
Syria, Ahmad Joudeh visited the de-
molished ruins of his family home in the Yar-
mouk refugee camp near Damascus to dance in
the place where his relatives had been killed.
2. Behind him, separated only by a black curtain,
was a group of rebel snipers who occasionally
fired off a shot; in front, Syrian military person-
nel patrolled the terrain. A Dutch documentary
filmmaker, Roozbeh Kaboly, was there too,
capturing the moment.
3. Joudeh, though, remains calm and shows the
cameras a tattoo on the back of his neck, the spot
1. place area, location / relative member of the family.
2. curtain piece of fabric used as a screen / sniper
isolated shooter / to fire off to shoot / shot here, bullet,
gun fire / in front in front of him / Dutch from the
Netherlands / filmmaker film director / to capture the
moment to film the event.
3. though however / to remain to stay / back not at the
front, behind / neck part of the body attaching head to
shoulders / spot place /
24 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er
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AA 24-25-764-Isa.indd 24
where ISIS terrorists have chopped the heads
off their victims: “Dance or Die,” it reads. “This
is my message,” he says. “Many people are dead
here. My uncles are dead here; I will dance” for
their souls.
4. Kaboly’s 18-minute documentary, also called
“Dance or Die,” was a turning point for Joudeh.
It was broadcast last August on “Nieuwsuur,” a
Dutch program akin to “60 Minutes.” Ted Brand-
sen, the managing director of the Dutch Na-
tional Ballet, saw it and was captivated.
5. “He had something in his determination; a
complete focus,” Brandsen said in a recent inter-
view. “I thought: ‘There must be something we
can do for this guy.'” The next day, Brandsen
to chop off sb’s head to decapitate sb / it reads with the
words / soul spiritual part of a person, essence.
4. turning point here significant moment in time / to
broadcast, broadcast, broadcast to transmit / akin to
like, similar to / managing director person in charge,
general director.
5. complete absolute / focus concentration / guy man /
(Herman Wouters/The New York Times)
started a crowdfunding initiative to raise at least
25,000 euros, or nearly $30,000, to bring Joudeh
to Amsterdam.
FROM DAMASCUS TO
AMSTERDAM
6. Within a few months, a visa, a residency
permit, a program of study, housing and a plane
ticket were all arranged. To Joudeh’s astonish-
ment, he was soon saying goodbye to his moth-
er, brother and sister in Damascus and leaving
his homeland behind.
7. Now, less than a year since arriving in Europe,
Joudeh has become a creative spokesman for
peace in Syria, using dance as his platform. In
crowdfunding individual participation by many to finance
a project / to raise to collect (money) / at least as a
minimum / nearly almost.
6. within in the space of / residency permit legal
document allowing residence / housing accommodation /
to arrange to organise / astonishment amazement /
homeland native country, home / behind here, behind him.
7. spokesman representative / platform here, means of
expression /
 facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
09/10/2017 15:56

July he danced in front of the Eiffel Tower in
Paris. He performed before 14,000 people in the
Ziggo Dome in Amsterdam, in a concert to raise
money for refugees; and he has danced at refu-
gee-related events in Italy, France, Spain and
Norway.
8. Meanwhile, he made his debut with the Dutch
National Ballet in Brandsen’s production of
“Coppelia,” and in September he started to per-
form a minor role in “Sleeping Beauty.”
9. Joudeh, who spoke with me at a cafe here near
the ballet and opera, first encountered ballet
when he was 8. He was singing in a school
performance and the next act was a group of
girls dancing. “I was moving with them from
my seat,” he recalled, “and I went home I was
trying to do the same movements. After that, I
(Herman Wouters/The New York Times)
was dancing all the time, in the house, in the
street, and if I heard any music anywhere.”
10. At 16, totally self-taught, he auditioned for the
main Syrian ballet company, Enana Dance
Theater in Damascus, and was accepted. There
he was trained in ballet, gymnastics and modern
dance, while also performing with the company,
which relocated to Dubai in 2012. As he became
more skilled he took on more solo roles, his
teacher, Albina Belova, said, and he traveled
extensively with the company in places includ-
ing Qatar, Algeria, Tunisia, Jordan and Lebanon.
to perform here, to dance / before in front of / -related
-connected.
8. meanwhile in the meantime, at the same time /
Sleeping Beauty la Belle au bois dormant.
9. to encounter here, to discover / performance show,
concert / act number (artistic) / seat chair, place for
sitting / to recall to remember.
10. self-taught autodidact / main principal / to train to
instruct, coach / to relocate to transfer to a different place
/ as at the same time as..., while / skilled expert, qualified,
experienced / to take, took, taken on here to accept /
extensively here, a lot and to many places / Jordan
Middle-eastern country, between Israel and Saudi Arabia
(capital: Amman) / Lebanon Middle-eastern country,
capital Beirut.
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
Où se trouve l’accent
tonique dans :
personnel (les employés) cf. § 4
personal (quelque chose qui vous
appartient) ?
Solution: personnel, personal
AA 24-25-764-Isa.indd 25
11. In 2014, he was invited to be a contestant on
the Arab version of the television show “So You
Think You Can Dance.” “Bravo, bravo, bravo,” a
judge said after his performance. “For a tall
gentleman you’re using all your body, and you’re
flying up in the air. Flying, looking for freedom.”
12. But as a rare male ballet
dancer in Arab society, he was
regularly vilified, even at
home. His father subjected
him to beatings so intense
“Dance for
that they once broke his leg. men is just
13. “It has nothing to do with considered
religious beliefs,” Joudeh said.
“Dance for men is just consid-
shameful”
ered shameful. Dance is for
girls, and for girls it’s also not
considered polite.”
14. His mother divorced his father, and Joudeh
and a friend set up a dance school in Yarmouk
Camp; his mother managed the studio and
Joudeh said he was happy there. “Before my
house was destroyed, I had a great life,” he said.
“I had my house, my studio with my friend, and
we were teaching dance in the camp to hundreds
of students.”
11. contestant participant, competitor.
12. to vilify to defame / even as well as / to subject sb
to to inflict upon sb / beating being hit, receiving blows to
the body.
13. to have nothing to do with to not be connected in
any way / shameful disgraceful, scandalous.
14. to set, set, set up to create, establish; here, open / to
manage to handle, to be in charge of.
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
(Herman Wouters/The New York Times)
"HE WAS ALMOST FLYING"
15. Kaboly found Joudeh later, when his only
place to practice was on a Damascus rooftop; he
was still teaching dance to orphans and to young
people with Down syndrome at SOS Children’s
Villages, which help children who have lost
family in the war.
“When people think of
16.
Syria, they think of men with
beards and guns in their
hands,” Kaboly said in an in-
terview. “But that’s not the
Syria I saw… I saw people
who were trying to live their
lives. I was looking to do a
piece on the artists, athletes
or people who were doing
something different.” He dis-
covered Joudeh on a website and was attracted
to his energy: “He was almost flying.”
17. Soon after he arrived in Amsterdam, Joudeh
got a second tattoo: the word “Free” in English
on his left wrist. But when asked if he feels free
now, he shakes his head. “You think, OK, you
reach your freedom but all your people are not
free,” he said. “Then you are not free. I cannot go
back and visit my family, and they cannot come
here. Any time that I can see my mother I will
feel free.” l
15. to practice to repeat an exercise/activity in order to
improve one’s skills / rooftop top part of a building /
orphan child without parents.
16. beard facial hair on the chin / gun firearm / to look to
to try to, to have as an objective / piece here, report,
documentary, film / almost nearly, virtually.
17. to get, got, got to obtain / wrist part of the body
between hand and arm / to shake, shook, shaken to
move one’s head from side to side to express negation / to
reach to achieve, attain.
VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 25
09/10/2017 15:56
 Culture I Littérature I ROYAUME-UNI I  C2
NIVEAU AVANCÉ DU SUPPLÉMENT SONORE
Spies make for great movie material, but some of the best come
from masterfully written novels. Listen to the words of John
Buchan's The Thirty-Nine Steps on the Advanced recording.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3

THE ECONOMIST

SPIES LIKE US
The secret of the British spy novel
[ref. to the 1985 American comedy Spies like us (Drôles d'espions)]
What do Ian Fleming and John Le Carré have in common? They are English, and have created the most famous heroes of the spy
novel genre, James Bond and George Smiley. They both worked for British secret services in real life. The real question here is,
where does the very English and profoundly affectionate regard for their own secret agents come from?

F ew countries have dominated any Bond, and John le Carré, the creator of
industry as Britain has dominated Smiley, earned their living as spies.
the industry of producing fictional spies.
Britain invented the spy novel with Rud- 3. There is also a more profound reason for
gued (approvingly) that Britain weaves
duplicity into its statecraft. The constitu-
tion rests on a distinction between an
“efficient” branch which governs behind
yard Kipling’s dissection of the Great Game Britain’s success. The spy novel is the quin- the scenes, and a “dignified” branch which
in “Kim” and John Buchan’s adventure tessential British fictional form in the same puts on a show for the people.
stories. It consolidated its way that the Western is
lead w ith Somerset quintessentially Ameri- CULTURE OF SECRECY
Maugham’s Ashenden sto- Britain's best spy can. Britain’s best spy nov- 5.The British establishment is not only a
ries and Graham Greene’s novelists are so elists are so good precisely perfect machine for producing secrets and
invention of “Greeneland”. good precisely because they use the genre
It t hen pro duced t he to explore what it is that
world’s two most famous
because they makes Britain British: the
to weave, wove, woven to incorporate, to combine /

spooks: James Bond, the explore what it is obsession with secrecy, statecraft art of government, diplomacy / branch
division of an organisation / behind the scenes
dashing womaniser, and that makes the nature of the establish- backstage, away from public view / dignified
distinguished / to put, put, put on a show to put on an
George Smiley, the cere- Britain British. ment, the agonies of impe- act, to simulate.
bral cuckold. rial decline and the com-
plicated tug of patriotism.
2. What accounts for this success? One
reason is the revolving door between the 4. Britain is honeycombed with secretive
secret establishment and the literary es- institutions, particularly public schools SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
tablishment. Some of the lions of British and Oxbridge colleges, which have their
literature worked as spies. Maugham was own private languages. At Eton, for exam- Public schools and
sent to Switzerland to spy for Britain under ple, where Fleming was educated and Mr Oxbridge colleges cf. § 4
cover of pursuing his career as a writer. le Carré taught for a while, boys dress in N’oubliez pas que les “public
Greene worked for the intelligence ser- tailcoats and call their teachers “beaks” and schools” en Angleterre sont
vices. Both Ian Fleming, the creator of their terms “halves”. Walter Bagehot ar- privées. Quelques exemples :
Eton, Harrow, Charterhouse,
1. novel book, work of fiction / Great Game political and 3. quintessential par excellence / secrecy privacy,
Gordonstoun...
diplomatic confrontation between the British Empire and confidentiality / agony anguish, struggle / tug pulling “Oxbridge” - Les universités
the Russian Empire over parts of Asia in the 19th century / force towards sth. d’Oxford et de Cambridge sont
lead domination, superiority / Greeneland politically 4. to be honeycombed with to be filled with small
unstable and dangerous world typical in Graham Greene
constituées de “colleges”.
compartments / secretive secret / public school private
novels / spook spy, secret agent / dashing elegant / Exemples : Kings college, Trinity
school / Oxbridge Oxford University and Cambridge Roger
womaniser seducer / cuckold husband of an unfaithful wife. University / tailcoat formal dress coat for men / beak college, Magdalene college, Live And Let
2. to account for to explain / revolving door door in an mouth of a bird / half 50% of sth (here, of a semester) / Merton college...
entrance to a large building that turns round in a circle as Walter Bagehot British journalist (1826-1877) whose
Le “collège” pour les 11-15 ans se
people go through it, here, movement of personnel father-in-law founded The Economist in 1843 /
between different roles / establishment group of people traduit en anglais par secondary
that hold the most power and influence / lion celebrity / school (GB) ou junior high
under cover of with the guise of / intelligence secret school (US).
services.

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lies. It also produces the mavericks and
misfits who thrive in the secret world.
Establishment types seem to come in two
varieties: smooth conformists who do
everything by the rules, and mavericks
who break every rule but are nevertheless
tolerated because they are members of the
club. The first type is sent into the Foreign
5. maverick nonconformist / misfit eccentric, person who
does not fit into the norms of society / to thrive, thrived or
throve, thrived or thriven to flourish, to prosper /
smooth suave, sophisticated / by the rules in conformity
with laws and regulations / Foreign Office governmental
department responsible for
foreign relations
with other
countries /
Roger Moore in
Live And Let Die, 1973.
(SIPA)
AA 26-27-764-Isa.indd 27
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Office and the second into MI6. The best
spy novels are like distorting mirrors in
fairgrounds: by exaggerating this or that
feature of Establishment Man, they allow
the reader to understand the ideal form.
6. The other great theme in British spy
novels is geopolitical decline. How can
people who were “trained to Empire,
trained to rule the waves”, as one of Mr le
Carré’s characters puts it, bear to live in a
world in which the waves are ruled by
other powers and statecraft is reduced to
providing fuel for the welfare state?
7. Fleming’s novels are full of laments
about Britain’s “crumbling empire” and
its dependency-producing state. “You have
not only lost a great empire,” Tiger Tana-
ka, a Japanese spy, tells Bond, “you have
seemed almost anxious to throw it away
with both hands.”
8.Mr le Carré once described Britain as a
country where “failed socialism is being
replaced by failed capitalism”. The Circus,
as he called the secret service’s
MI6 Military Intelligence 6,
British secret services /
distorting mirror
mirror with convex
and concave
sections to deform
the mirror image
/ fairground
place with
amusement
attractions, rides
and games /
feature aspect.
6. to train to
instruct / to rule
the waves to
reign over the
oceans of the
world, also ref. to
the lyrics of the
British patriot
song Rule,
Britannia!
Britannia, rule
the waves) / to
provide fuel for
here, to feed, to
support the
existence of /
welfare state social
system where the state
takes responsibility for the
social and economic
protection of its citizens.
7. lament expression of
regret / crumbling
deteriorating, failing /
anxious impatient.
8. failed unsuccessful /
headquarters, is a physical manifestation
of decline: cramped, shoddy, reeking of
rising damp, just one hasty repair away
from collapse.
NOBODY DOES IT BETTER
9. Why remain loyal to a country that has
made such a mess of things and to an es-
tablishment soaked in hypocrisy? Mr le
Carré’s traitors betray their country not for
money but because they have transferred
their patriotism to the Soviet Union. But
what makes Britain’s best spy novels so
good is that they toy with disillusionment
only to reject it. For all its faults, they say,
Britain is the best of a bad lot. Bond is so
besotted with his country that he boasts
that “British food is the best in the world”.
10. And spying provides Britain with a way
of reclaiming its greatness, by excelling in
the most sophisticated form of foreign
policy. The Americans have the money and
the bluster, but the British have the brains
to spend it wisely and restrain the Ameri-
cans from going over the top. Felix Leiter,
Bond’s opposite number in the CIA, admits
that Bond is playing “in a bigger league”
than he is. Smiley is more subtle than his
“cousins” in America.
11. The secret at the heart of the British spy
novel is that Britain is much better than it
seems. The writers agonise over decline
and hypocrisy, only to conclude that the
British are cleverer and more civilised than
anybody else. A comforting illusion
wrapped in a tale of disillusionment: you
can’t get more British than that. l
headquarters (inv.) main offices of an organisation /
cramped small, restricted, without enough room /
shoddy dilapidated / to reek of to smell of / damp
humidity / hasty done too quickly / collapse complete
breakdown.
9. Nobody does it better title of the theme song to the
1977 James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me / to make,
made, made a mess of things to ruin / to be soaked in
to be full of / to betray to be a traitor to / to toy with to
consider an idea for a short time / disillusionment
disenchantment / for all its faults in spite of its failings /
the best of a bad lot the least worst of a group / to be
besotted with to be infatuated with / to boast to say in
a proud way.
10. to reclaim to win back / bluster arrogant talk that
has no effect / brains here, intelligence / to go, went,
gone over the top to exceed the limits, to go too far /
opposite number counterpart / league class, level of
competition / subtle discreet.
11. to agonise to spend a lot of time thinking about a
difficult problem / comforting consoling / to be
wrapped in to be covered in / tale story.
VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 27
09/10/2017 16:14
 Culture I Insolite I  B2-C1
LOS ANGELES TIMES VERONICA ROCHA
TO "E" OR NOT TO "E"?
Controversy over the spelling of Shakespear(e)
If you happen to be strolling across the campus of the University of Southern California, you would probably come
across a majestic statue, unveiled this summer, and delight in a verse displayed upon it, from ‘Hamlet’… the famous
tragedy penned by “Shakespear”. This would probably have gone unnoticed apart from the significant absence of
the letter ‘e’ at the end of his name. It is the missing ‘e’ that has caught the headlines.
W hen William Shakespeare
penned “Hamlet” around the
turn of the 17th century, he probably never im-
agined his words would one day grace the base
of a statue at the University of California (USC)
as part of a $700-million project. Likewise, how
was he to imagine that the spelling of his name
would ignite a cross-town debate between two
famed Los Angeles universities? Did the Bard
spell his name Shakespeare or Shakespear?  million project and manage to misspell Shake- the ancient feel of the statue, even though it is
2.That last question was asked recently when
USC unveiled the new statue of Hecuba, queen
of Troy, this summer. The statue featured verses
from “Hamlet” and the dramatist’s name, which
was noticeably missing a final “e.”
3.The excerpt, found on the base of the 20-foot
statue, reads:
1. to pen to write / turn here, at the beginning / century
period of one hundred years / to grace to adorn /
likewise in the same way, similarly / how was he to...
how could he have...? / spelling order of letters in a word,
orthography / to ignite to provoke, trigger / cross-town
between two places within the city / famed famous,
well-known / the Bard nickname for Shakespeare.
2. to unveil to reveal, uncover, present / to feature to
include, display / noticeably perceptibly, visibly.
3. excerpt extract, passage / foot = 30.48 cm / [it]
reads is written, (it) says /
28 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
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AA 28-764-Steph.indd 28
(AP Photo/Richard Vogel)
“And all for nothing — For Hecuba!
What’s Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba,
That he should weep for her?
- Shakespear’s Hamlet” 
6.Despite some criti-
cism, USC is standing by the
spelling, saying that there are variations of
4.Students from USC’s longtime rival, UCLA, Shakespeare. "To E, or not to E, that is the ques-
spotted the small, but glaring, detail and point- tion,” USC said in a statement. “Over the centu-
ed it out: “USC. The only place in America that ries his surname has been spelled 20 different
can unveil a statue as the centerpiece of a $700 ways. USC chose an older spelling because of
speare,” the official student-run account tweeted.  not the most common form." 
5.The bronze statue, created by sculptor Chris- 7.It looks like USC may have a point. Caroline
topher Slatoff, stands in the middle of the new McManus, who teaches 17th century English
development, dubbed USC Village. The complex literature at Cal State Los Angeles, said spelling
includes six five-story buildings, student hous- was not standardized in English during Shake-
ing, a 30,000-square-foot fitness center, restau- speare’s time. “We see Shakespeare's name
rants, a Trader Joe’s and a Target.  spelled in different ways on documents writ-
ten during his time period,” she said. Some of
to weep, wept, wept to cry, lament. those spellings include Shakespear, Shakspere
4. longtime old, dating back / to spot to notice, detect / and Shakespeare. l
glaring obvious, flagrant / to point out to draw
attention to a fact, remark / place establishment, here,
college, university / centerpiece central element/
feature / to manage to succeed in (+ing) / to misspell 6. despite in spite of / to stand, stood, stood by to
to write/spell incorrectly / to run, ran, run to manage. maintain, believe in / statement declaration,
announcement / over during / surname family name /
5. to stand, stood, stood to be located / development
complex of new buildings / to dub to call, name / story way manner / feel character, quality / even though
floor, level (of a building) / housing accommodation, even if.
lodging / square foot 0.09 m2 / Trader Joe’s name of a 7. it looks like... it would seem that... / to have a point
supermarket chain / Target name of a store chain. to be correct in some way / time era, here, lifetime.
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09/10/2017 16:17
 Échos
Brèves de culture
Retrouvez plus de tests dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter

(AP/SIPA)
George Harrison’s
sitar
A sitar owned by Beatles legend George
Harrison was auctioned for $62,500 last
month. The Indian string instrument was
played by Harrison in 1965 to record the
song Norwegian Wood. A year later, Harrison
travelled to India to learn how to play it

(FMB/WENN.COM/SIPA)
under famous sitar master Ravi Shankar.
Harrison discovered the instrument on the
set of the Fab Four’s second film, Help. At
the time, The Beatles were the only
Western rock band to use the sitar on a
commercial recording.

The return of Jim Carrey

to auction to sell by auction = a public sale at which
goods are sold to the highest bidder / string piece of
wire, nylon or catgut on a musical instrument / under
with / master highly skilled expert and mentor / set
Jim Carrey has returned to television, after an absence of 20 years, to star in a here, place where a film is made / time era.
new Showtime comedy entitled Kidding. He plays Jeff, a.k.a. Mr. Pickles, “an icon
of children’s television”, who also “owns a multimillion dollar branding empire.”
The broadcast date for Kidding has not yet been announced, but what we do know
is it will reunite Jim Carrey with French director Michel Gondry, who he previ-
ously worked with on Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind thirteen years ago. Wel-
come back Jim!
return act of going back to sth / to star to play the principal role / Showtime American television channel available on

(Paramount Pictures)
subscription / entitled with the title / to kid to joke / a.k.a. = also known as alias / to own to possess, be the proprietor
of / branding marketing strategy of associating positive qualities with a product/trademark / broadcast transmission of
a TV programme / director person who is in charge of making a film, here TV programme / previously before, in the past.

50 Cent not for sale Portman gives

50 Cent claims he turned down $500,000
from Donald Trump’s team to appear at an
us chills
event during the presidential campaign. In an The first images of the film Annihilation
interview with US radio station Hot 97, the starring Natalie Portman have been
American rapper and actor explained that he revealed, and it looks terrifying! In the sci-fi
believed Trump’s staffers wanted his thriller, directed by Alex Garland (Ex
endorsement to appeal to black voters. “Before Machina), she plays a biologist on a research
he got elected, they were having issues with the expedition in a place cut off from civilization,
African American vote,” he said. “I was like, Nah, where the rules of nature don’t seem to
that’s not good money. Nah, I’m not going to do apply. Annihilation is adapted from a
(Swan Gallet/WWD/Shutter/SIPA)

that. That’s not worth it!”
to claim to declare, maintain, assert / to turn down to
refuse, decline an offer of / staffer member of staff, team
member / endorsement approval, support / to appeal
to to attract, persuade to vote for / issue problem,
concern / I was like I said / nah no / that’s not good
money the money would be tainted / that’s not worth it
standing by my beliefs is more valuable than money.
best-selling horror sci-fi novel written by Jeff
VanderMeer, which is part of a series of three
books called the Southern Reach Trilogy. The
film is due for release on 7 March in France.
chills goosebumps, shivers / sci-fi science-fiction /
place area, location / rule regulation, law / novel
book, work of fiction / to be due to be scheduled for /
release first showing (at the cinema).

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 Découverte I Technologie I  B2-C1

An image of masks used by Apple while developing the Face ID feature to unlock the iPhone X. (Jim Wilson/The New York Times)
THE ECONOMIST

NOWHERE TO HIDE
Facial recognition (to hide to conceal oneself, to keep oneself from view)
The use of facial recognition technology as a form of identification is accelerating. It is no longer restricted to the security
services, but rather filtering into our daily lives, for example on social network platforms, or to unblock a mobile… but does this
kind of technology have implications for our right to privacy?

T he human face is a remarkable piece of

work. The astonishing variety of facial
features helps people recognise each other and
is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to
dissimulate. 

2. Technology is rapidly catching up with the

drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and
lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple’s
new iPhone will use it to unlock the homescreen. 

So is the face’s ability to send emotional signals,
whether through an involuntary blush or the
artifice of a false smile. People spend much of
their waking lives, in the office and the court-
room as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading
faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and
human ability to read faces. In America facial
recognition is used by churches to track worship-
pers’ attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot
past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it
to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In
China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing
3. Although faces are peculiar to individuals,
they are also public, so technology does not, at
first sight, intrude on something that is private.
And yet the ability to record, store and analyse
images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast
scale promises one day to bring about funda-

1. piece of work creation / astonishing incredible /
feature characteristic / so is... also, too / whether be it /
through with, by way of / blush reddening of the face
(due to embarrassment or modesty) / to spend, spent,
spent to pass (time) / waking when awake / courtroom
tribunal / as well as and also / trust belief that you can
have faith in sb /
deceit dishonesty, lying / plenty much.
2. to catch, caught, caught up with to arrive at the
same level as / ability capacity / recognition
identification / to track to follow, to monitor /
worshipper person who regularly goes to church /
attendance frequency of being present / retailer shop /
to spot to detect / shoplifter person who steals from
shops / ride-hailing offering a taxi service (such as Uber) /
attraction tourist site / to unlock to open / homescreen
start screen.
3. although even though / peculiar here, specific / at
first sight when seen for the first time / to intrude on to
interfere, to invade / yet despite this / to record to
register/ to store to keep / scale extent, size, degree / to
promise to to indicate that sth is probable to / to bring,
brought, brought about to result in, to cause, to lead to /

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mental changes to notions of privacy, fairness
and trust.  track criminals, but at enormous potential cost
PRIVACY
4. Start with privacy. One big difference between
faces and other biometric data, such as finger-
prints, is that they work at a distance. Anyone
with a phone can take a picture for facial-recog-
nition programs to use. FindFace, an app in
Russia, compares snaps of strangers with pic-
tures on VKontakte, a social network, and can
identify people with a 70% accuracy rate. Face-
book’s bank of facial images cannot be scraped
by others, but the Silicon Valley giant could ob-
tain pictures of visitors to a car showroom, say,
and later use facial recognition to serve them
ads for cars.  when shown pictures of one gay man, and one
5. Even if private firms are unable to join the
dots between images and identity, the state often
can. China’s government keeps a record of its
citizens’ faces; photographs of half of America’s
adult population are stored in databases that can
be used by the FBI. Law-enforcement agencies
fairness justice, non-discrimination.
4. privacy confidentiality / data information / such as
like (for example)... / fingerprint impression made on a
surface by the fingertips used for identification / to work
to function / app = application / snap photo / stranger
unknown person / accuracy precision / rate here,
percentage, proportion / to scrape here, to obtain / car
showroom large salesroom where cars for sale are on
display / to serve to present sb with, to show / ad=
advertisement publicity.
5. even if even though / to join the dots to make
connections / record archives / citizen resident,
inhabitant / law-enforcement government agencies
which make sure laws are obeyed /
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
“The face is not just a
name-tag” cf. § 6
Sachant que “tag” est une
étiquette, il est facile de
comprendre le sens de :
“price tag” ou “luggage tag”, voire
“question tags” (exemple: it’s nice,
isn’t it?)
Mais “tag” signifie également
“suivre, filer” ce qui explique “to play
tag” (jeu du chat).
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now have a powerful weapon in their ability to
to citizens’ privacy.  alter the balance of good and bad outcomes.
6. The face is not just a name-tag. It displays a
lot of other information—and machines can read
that, too. Again, that promises benefits. Some
firms are analysing faces to provide automated
diagnoses of rare genetic conditions far earlier
than would otherwise be possible. Systems that
measure emotion may give autistic people a
grasp of social signals they find elusive.
DISCRIMINATION
7. But the technology also threatens. Researchers
at Stanford University have demonstrated that,
straight man, the algorithm could attribute their
sexuality correctly 81% of the time. In countries
where homosexuality is a crime, software which
promises to infer sexuality from a face is an
alarming prospect.  Efforts to bamboozle facial-recognition systems,
8. Less violent forms of discrimination could
also become common. Employers can already
act on their prejudices to deny people a job. But
facial recognition could make such bias routine,
enabling firms to filter all job applications for
ethnicity and signs of intelligence and sexuality.
Nightclubs and sports grounds may face pres-
sure to protect people by scanning entrants’
faces for the threat of violence—even though,
owing to the nature of machine-learning, all
facial-recognition systems inevitably deal in
probabilities.  equilibrium, proportion / outcome result, consequence /
powerful very strong / weapon arm, instrument of
attack/defense.
6. name-tag here, form of identification / to display to
show, to reveal / benefit advantage / to provide to
produce / automated automatic / diagnosis analysis of
symptoms / condition illness / far much / otherwise in
other circumstances, if not / grasp understanding /
elusive difficult to understand.
7. to threaten to menace, to present dangers / straight
heterosexual / software (inv.) computer programme / to
infer to deduce / prospect possibility.
8. to act to take action, to decide (as a result of...) /
prejudice preconceived ideas, discrimination / to deny to
refuse / to make, made, made to render / such this kind
of... / bias prejudice, discrimination / to enable to permit,
to allow / application request to be a candidate /
nightclub bar with an area for dancing, disco / ground
land used for sports, stadium, pitch / to face to be
confronted with / pressure force, demands / even
though even if / owing to due to / to deal, dealt, dealt
in to process.
THE GOOD AND THE BAD
9. In democracies, at least, legislation can help
European regulators have embedded a set of
principles in forthcoming data-protection regu-
lation, decreeing that biometric information,
which would include “faceprints”, belongs to its
owner and that its use requires consent—so that,
in Europe, unlike America, Facebook could not
just sell ads to those car-showroom visitors. Laws
against discrimination can be applied to an
employer screening candidates’ images. Suppli-
ers of commercial face-recognition systems
might submit to audits, to demonstrate that their
systems are not propagating bias unintention-
ally. Firms that use such technologies should be
held accountable. 
10. Such rules cannot alter the direction of
travel, however. Cameras will only become more
common with the spread of wearable devices.
from sunglasses to make-up, are already being
overtaken; research from the University of
Cambridge shows that artificial intelligence can
reconstruct the facial structures of people in
disguise. Google has explicitly turned its back
on matching faces to identities, for fear of its
misuse by undemocratic regimes. Other tech
firms seem less picky. Amazon and Microsoft
are both using their cloud services to offer face
recognition; it is central to Facebook’s plans. l
9. at least if nothing else / to alter to change / balance
to embed to integrate, to include / set series /
forthcoming soon to be published / regulation rule, law
/ to decree to order, to state / to belong to to be the
property of / owner proprietor / to require to necessitate
/ consent agreement, accord / so that in order that /
unlike contrary to / law legislation / to screen to examine
for selection / supplier provider / to submit to to be
subject to / to demonstrate to show, to prove / to
propagate to generate, to cause / to hold, held, held sb
accountable to consider sb responsible for sth.
10. rule regulation, law / the direction of travel here, the
way things are evolving / spread widespread use,
generalisation / wearable which can be put on the body /
device electronic appliance / effort attempt / to
bamboozle to dupe / make-up cosmetics / to overtake,
overtook, overtaken to overcome, to surpass / in
disguise who are disguised / to turn one’s back on to
refuse, to abandon / to match to associate, to put
together / fear worry, concern / misuse improper use /
tech = technology / picky difficult / both one and the
other / to offer to provide / central essential / plan
project.
VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 31
09/10/2017 18:58
 Bons plans I Langues
COURS CHEZ LE PROFESSEUR :
CONSEILS ET
EXPÉRIENCES
PAR CAMILLE BARBE
Pour améliorer son niveau de
langue, rien de tel que de
s’immerger dans le monde
anglo-saxon ! Afin de faire de
vos cours et séjours une vraie
réussite, professionnels et
particuliers vous dévoilent
leurs conseils et expériences
en la matière.
LES CONSEILS DES PROFESSIONNELS
➛ 1. IDENTIFIEZ BIEN
VOS BESOINS
Si chacun a des besoins précis
en fonction de son niveau de
langue, il est quelquefois com-
plexe de les identifier. Aussi,
est-il important de remplir son
dossier d’inscription, de pré-
sentation avec la plus grande
minutie. « Réfléchissez bien à
ce que vous voulez travailler afin
de le communiquer à votre pro-
fesseur  », préconise Magali
Toureille, Responsable France
de l’ESL. L’organisme linguis-
tique Vivalangues, lui, de-
mandera, un test de niveau et
une lettre de présentation afin
de définir un programme à la
carte, en fonction des besoins
mais également des envies en
termes d’activités.
➛ 2. PARENTS,
NE FORCEZ PAS
VOTRE ENFANT !
Les expériences nouvelles ri-
ment souvent avec l’inconnu…
Un enfant contraint et forcé
de suivre des cours et de partir
32 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
er
novembre 2017
32-33-764.indd 32
en séjour aura donc tendance
à se renfermer et être mal à
l’aise, sans grande motivation.
« Une perte de temps, d’énergie
et d’argent, atteste Claudine
Herail de l’agence A ALEC.
Dans ce cas, le séjour est rarement
une réussite ! Entre pousser et for-
cer, la limite est ténue ». Enfin,
sachez qu’en général pour un
séjour en immersion pour ado,
l’âge minimum est entre 12 et
14 ans.
➛ 3. PRIVILÉGIEZ
UNE VRAIE
IMMERSION
Pour améliorer son niveau de
langue, pratiquer la langue
de manière intensive est l’une
des clés de la réussite. Par
conséquent, n’hésitez pas à
nouer la conversation, à vous
montrer expansif envers les
anglosaxons que vous ren-
contrerez.
➛ 4. C
 HOISISSEZ BIEN ➛ 5. PENSEZ
VOTRE À L'IMMERSION
DESTINATION EN FRANCE
Pour qu’un séjour soit efficace
on préconise en général une
durée minimale de deux se-
maines mais une immersion de
sept jours bien choisie et calée
pendant les vacances scolaires,
permet aussi d’améliorer son
anglais. Pour cela, pas besoin
d’aller très loin… La Grande-
Bretagne, l’Irlande, Malte seront
aussi dépaysants et surtout
moins coûteux que les Etats-
Unis ou l’Australie. D’autre part,
attention au chant des sirènes
de la capitale londonienne…
Le rythme londonien effréné
peut rebuter face à des villes
plus paisibles comme Brigh-
ton, Cambridge ou Oxford. « Le
plus important, ce n’est pas la ville
mais le profil des professeurs qui
est à privilégier », précise Ma-
gali Toureille. Enfin, si vous
venez les mains dans les poches,
sachez que le démarrage sera
plus lent. Une petite révision de
vocabulaire et de grammaire en
amont sera toujours bénéfique.
(Istock)
Une solution idéale, facile d’or-
ganisation et modulable pour
les jeunes dont les parents
ne veulent pas qu’ils partent
seuls, loin ou encore pour les
adultes ne pouvant pas trop
se dégager de leurs impératifs
personnels et professionnels.
« Cette formule est aussi adaptée
à ceux qui ne trouvent pas leur
compte dans les cours du soir, à
distance, stages en entreprise »,
selon Claudine Herail de
l’agence A ALEC. L’immersion
en France d’une journée, un
week-end, ou plusieurs se-
maines gagne de plus en plus
de terrain. Chez les familles
d’accueil anglosaxonnes, les
stagiaires retrouveront la
qualité de l’enseignement de
la langue par des natifs tout
en goûtant au charme d’un
mode de vie british à seule-
ment quelques heures de leur
domicile.
09/10/2017 15:43
 Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr

LES TÉMOIGNAGES

WILLIAM & ROSALIND BÉRENGÈRE, 21 ans – Stage d’une semaine

– Famille d’accueil en France (AALEC) en France chez Jan & John en août dernier (AALEC)

« L’important, en immersion ? « Une formule à la fois rassurante

Parler, parler, parler ! » et économique »

«  Nous avons pris notre retraite en France il y a maintenant

sept ans. En tant que famille d’accueil, notre but est d’intéresser
les enfants, les jeunes et les personnes plus âgées à la langue,
la culture et le mode de vie anglais. Au cours des stages en
immersion, nous nous adaptons aux besoins et aux attentes
de chaque élève. Pour ce qui est des cours, nous n’écrivons pas
beaucoup, si ce n’est pour développer un point de grammaire ou
encore de conjugaison. L’important est de développer l’oralité,
la fluidité de la langue.  »
CÉLIA, 17 ans – Séjour de deux semaines à
(Istock)
«  J’ai effectué ce stage dans le cadre de mes études. Après deux
ans de licence en psychologie, je me redirige cette année dans
la filière des sciences de l’éducation, au sein de laquelle un bon
niveau d’anglais est requis. Faire un séjour en immersion en
France m’a semblé la meilleure option pour améliorer mon ni-
veau de langue sans être trop dépaysée. Cela m’a paru également
rassurant, en cas de problème et moins coûteux qu’un séjour à
l’étranger. En ce qui concerne mes demandes spécifiques, j’avais
juste notifié l’agence de ma dyslexie et de la nécessité pour la
famille d’accueil de s’adapter à ce trouble. Mes conseils pour de
futurs apprenants ? Si vous êtes timide, spécifiez-le bien dans
votre présentation. Soyez le plus honnête possible et laissez-vous
porter par les événements ! »

Galway (Irlande), en juillet dernier (CLC)

« Ce séjour à l’étranger ?
Une grande première pour moi ! » CONTACTS UTILES

www.aalec.com
«  Je suis partie dans le cadre d’un séjour encadré, avec un
petit groupe de jeunes Français accompagné d’un animateur
www.esl.fr
www.vivalangues.fr
en charge de s’assurer sur place que l’intégration de chacun se www.clc.fr — www.nacel.fr
passait bien. Une fois sur place, j’étais seule dans ma famille.
Ce voyage fut pour moi une grande première, qui s’est très bien
passée. J’ai été très bien accueillie, j’ai fait pas mal d’activités et
même un petit week-end toute seule en dehors de la ville. L’été
prochain, c’est décidé, je pars aux Etats-Unis ! »

Séjours linguistiques

SÉJOURS
Rejoignez la
LINGUISTIQUES
communauté
Vocable
Vacances intelligentes
Voyages, cours de langues, découvertes
sur

RÉSERVATIONS
PUBLICITAIRES
CONTACTEZ-NOUS
France - Etranger
Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Nantes, Nice, Paris, Strasbourg & Toulouse www.esl.fr 01 44 37 97 79 - publicite@vocable.fr

VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1er novembre 2017 • 33

32-33-764.indd 33 09/10/2017 15:43

 Les sorties
sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...
Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…
FILM
BROOKLYN YIDDISH
De Joshua Z. Weinstein
Dans le quartier juif ultra-
orthodoxe de Borough Park à
Brooklyn, Menashé, modeste
employé d’une épicerie, tente de
joindre les deux bouts. Il se bat
pour la garde de son jeune fils
Ruben, car la tradition lui interdit
d’élever seul son enfant. Mais le
grand rabbin lui permet de passer
une semaine avec son fils... Une
immersion fascinante dans la
communauté hassidique de New
York, récompensée par le Prix du
jury de Deauville cette année.
Dans les salles le 25 octobre
34 • VOCABLE Du 19 octobre au 1
er
novembre 2017
34-764-Steph.indd 34
Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr
EXPOSITION
ÊTRE MODERNE :
LE MOMA À PARIS
Pendant cinq mois, le MoMA prend ses quartiers à la
Fondation Louis Vuitton. Une exposition
exceptionnelle sur quatre niveaux, qui retrace l’histoire
du célèbre musée new-yorkais, des premiers
mouvements de l’art moderne jusqu’aux œuvres
numériques les plus récentes. Au programme : Paul
Cézanne, Gustav Klimt, Marcel Duchamp, Jasper
Johns, René Magritte, Pablo Picasso… Parmi les
chefs-d’œuvre sélectionnés, certains tableaux comme
les Campbell’s Soup Cans d’Andy Warhol (1962), sont
prêtés pour la première fois à un musée français. En
tout, deux cents œuvres mises à l’honneur. A voir
jusqu’au 5 mars 2018.
Fondation Louis Vuitton
8 av. du Mahatma Gandhi
75116 Paris LIVRE
Plein tarif : 16 €/ Demi-tarif : de 5 à 10 €
DOUBLE PIÈGE
Harlan Coben
Maya vient d’enterrer son mari, tué
MUSIQUE par balles à Central Park. Pour
s’assurer que sa baby-sitter
TURN OUT THE LIGHTS s’occupe bien de sa fille Lily, une
Julien Baker amie l’incite à installer une caméra
Une guitare. Quelques notes de piano, dans son salon. Un jour, en
parfois. Il n’en faut guère plus à Julien regardant les enregistrements,
Baker pour capter l’attention et elle voit sa petite fille jouer avec…
remplir l’espace de sa voix puissante son époux ! Comment expliquer
et cristalline. Des chansons folk cette mystérieuse résurrection ?
mélancoliques, parfois désespérées, Le grand maître du polar
mais toujours inspirées. La religion et américain Harlan Coben est de
les conflits intérieurs irriguent les retour avec Double Piège, un
morceaux intimistes de cette thriller addictif au suspense
chanteuse américaine qui se définit comme gay et chrétienne. A tout terriblement efficace et dont les
juste 22 ans, Turn Out The Lights est son deuxième album, deux ans après droits ont été achetés par Julia
Sprained Ankle, déjà salué par les critiques du New York Times, de Roberts. L’adaptation
Pitchfork et de Rolling Stone. Une artiste atypique à découvrir. cinématographique est en cours...
Matador Records - 18,99 € Belfond - 21,90 €
MUSIQUE
AS YOU WERE
Liam Gallagher
L'ancien chanteur d'Oasis, Liam Gallagher, sort son premier album solo
avec As you were. “C’est ma dernière chance de faire vraiment de la
musique”, a-t-il affirmé au magazine Billboard. En 2009, son frère aîné
Noel avait claqué la porte signant la fin d’Oasis et Liam avait continué
l’aventure avec ce qu’il restait du groupe… sans grand succès. Ce retour
avec un disque solo est donc une petite renaissance. L’enfant terrible de
Manchester offre de belles ballades, dans la pure tradition de la pop
britannique, avec de petites perles comme Paper Crown et For What It’s
Worth… Sans surprise, les Beatles ne sont jamais loin, et c’est tant mieux !
Warner Bros. Records - 15,99 €
09/10/2017 14:32
 le
dessin
I Décryptage I ETATS-UNIS

(©toonpool.com / Marian Kamensky)

NRA = National Rifle Association.

LAS VEGAS
The mass shooting in Las Vegas on October 1, which left at least 58 dead and 500 injured, has reignited the debate
over gun control in the country. Officials said 12 of the rifles authorities recovered from the hotel suite used by the
gunman Stephen Paddock were fitted with “bump stocks”. This mechanism was used by the shooter to turn his
semi-automatic rifles into rapid-fire weapons. Four days after the tragedy, the National Rifle Association (NRA), the
powerful gun lobby in the United States, announced its support of further regulations on this device. The NRA’s
suggestion comes after Republican lawmakers indicated they would consider banning bump stocks, despite years
of resisting any gun control. Some commentators have argued that the NRA’s statement was a strategic move,
aimed at avoiding any more sweeping or comprehensive attempts at gun control.
mass shooting firing upon and killing of a large number of random people at one time / to leave, left, left to result in, render / at least a minimum of / to injure to hurt, wound / to
reignite to relight, here, revive / over concerning / gun firearm / official representative / to recover to get back, find / to be fitted with to be equipped with / bump stock device that
renders a semi-automatic as fast and powerful as a fully automatic weapon / shooter person who fires a gun to kill / to turn sth into to transform sth into / rapid-fire to shoot in fast
succession, here, automatic / weapon arm / support approval, solidarity, endorsement / further here, new / regulation legislation / device mechanism / to come, came, come to
happen at a time when / lawmaker legislator / to consider to reflect upon, envisage / to ban to prohibit / despite in spite of / to resist to oppose / to argue to claim, maintain, assert
/ statement declaration / move initiative / to aim at to attempt to, try / to avoid to escape, evade / sweeping extensive, vast / comprehensive broad, complete / attempt effort.

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VOCABLE Du X au X mois 2015 • 35

.
AA 35-764-Steph.indd 35 09/10/2017 18:23
 18e édition
PLAN
SÉQUENCE du 3 au 12
novembre 2017
120 films
280 projections
150 invités
Compétition Européenne
9 longs-métrages en première
française et en présence des
réalisateurs

70 inédits et avant-premières
Films de l’actualité
Visions de l’Est
Découvertes européennes
Focus sur l’Allemagne
Cinémas du monde
en présence des équipes

Révolutions russes :
mythes et réalités
12 films essentiels (classiques du
cinéma soviétique, Le Docteur
Jivago, Reds, films récents),
ciné-concert Octobre (création),
rencontres

Whodunit :
qui a commis le crime ?
12 films avec Sherlock Holmes,
Hercule Poirot, Miss Marple et
autres détectives, ciné-concert
The Lodger d’Alfred Hitchcock
(création)

Festival des enfants

Avant-premières, ciné-bambin,
ateliers, scolaires

Programme complet
disponible le 19 octobre
Rens. au 03 59 25 00 69
www.arrasfilmfestival.com
Cituation et Ensemble • Arras

AP VOCABLE 210X287 2017.indd 1 28/09/2017 11:05

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