2019-11-14 Vocable All English

N° 483 / All English.
Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019 / 3,60 €
La presse internationale en V.O. pour progresser en anglais
EXPLORING THE
NATIONAL
PARKS
TIMELESS NATURAL WONDERS THAT CONTINUE TO INSPIRE AND FASCINATE
ECONOMY FASHION HEALTH

NOBEL PRIZE RENAISSANCE A GRIM
REWARDS STUDY IS TRENDING DIAGNOSIS FOR
OF POVERTY THE GUARDIAN
SLOW WALKERS
THE ECONOMIST THE INDEPENDENT
4 pages centrales de quiz pour progresser en anglais L 18896 - 483 - F: 3,60 €

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édito sommaire N° 483 / Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019
NIVEAU DE DIFFICULTÉ ET ÉQUIVALENCE CECRL
(Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les langues) :
 facile A2-B1  moyen B2-C1  difficile C1-C2
Pour faciliter le repérage et la compréhension, les mots traduits sont surlignés dans tous les
articles du magazine.
SORAYA NIGITA Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF On parle d'eux .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Exploring À la une
Astronauts in the Grand Canyon
the national parks
 B2-C1 THE GUARDIAN (UK) ........................ 6
How they prepared for the Moon.
Unless you live in the Southern Hemisphere, the
days are now getting cooler and shorter. And to  B2-C1 The National Parks Want You THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ............... 10
top it all, you only have a few weeks left to pre- Recharging in the great outdoors.
pare your New Year resolutions.
Why not escape the winter doldrums by heading
to the national parks for a much-needed breath of
Société
 B2-C1 Renaissancecore: dressing like Anne Boleyn
fresh air, and a dollop of inspiration? The United THE GUARDIAN (UK) .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
States has about sixty protected areas bearing the Channelling 16th century cool.
national park label. Yellowstone became the first
by an act of Congress in 1872. It was not until 1916  A2-B1 Sur le vif ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
that President Woodrow Wilson enacted the
American federal law that created the National  B2-C1 The New Makers of Plant-Based Meat
Park Service, to allow natural and historic land- THE NEW YORK TIMES (US) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
scapes to be enjoyed while also preserving them Meat-makers mind their greens.
for future generations.
You’ll discover how the Grand Canyon, which ce-
lebrated its 100 years as a national park this year,
PRATIC’ABLE �� 17
has played a crucial role in the space race by serving Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler
as a proxy for the Moon for generations of explor- comme un anglophone
ers and researchers. Chez le boulanger / Point de grammaire : L'article défini, l'article indéfini, pas d'article
/ Soignez votre orthographe / Langue et culture
Going higher and faster and aiming for the stars
is fine when you are an astronaut, but studies
show that a growing number of American work-  A2-B1 À 360° ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21
ers are experiencing some form of burn-out.
Here again, parks have the solution! A start-up
is putting stressed out professionals in touch
with cash-strapped parks to help them swap
Enjeux
 C1-C2 Who Listens In on a President's Phone Call? BBC (UK) .............................. 22
their skills in exchange for sabbatical retreats A well-oiled protocol.
in the great outdoors. So if you're up for a little
walking, we’ll be covering quite a lot of ground  B2-C1 Nobel prize for understanding poverty THE ECONOMIST (UK) ........... 26
in the next few pages. The triumph of the experimental approach.

Happy Reading!
Culture
 B2-C1 After The Irishman and Gemini Man, actors need never
Rejoignez-nous sur et suivez-nous sur et sur worry about age again HINDUSTAN TIMES ........................................................................................ 28.
The coming of age of wrinkle-free cinema.
 A2-B1 Les échos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30

BONUS
 A2-B1 Zoom sur ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3

de conversation : Des interviews en V.O.
pour améliorer votre compréhension
Découverte
 A2-B1 The dangers of being a slow walker THE INDEPENDENT (UK) ....................... 32.
Tous les articles du magazine sont lus par des A disturbing diagnosis.
anglophones sur le CD (ou les MP3) de lecture
Retrouvez le reportage vidéo

lié à l’ article sur vocable.fr Les sorties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Le dessin .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Photo de couverture : SUPERSTOCK/SUPERSTOCK/SIPA
Grand L’actualité en images
angle
(REX / SIPA)
PAKISTAN
Chitral
MEET THE ROYALS
William and Kate visit Pakistan
On the 16th of October 2019, Prince William and Catherine
Duchess of Cambridge visited a settlement of the Kalash
The Kalash people, in Chitral, in Northwestern Pakistan, to learn more
They are considered Pakistan’s smallest ethno-religious group: only about their unique culture and heritage. This was one of the
3,000 to 4,000 remain. The Kalash live in three valleys, Rumbur,
Brumbret and Birir, and speak the Kalasha language. Their many stops made by the couple during a marathon five-day
culture differs in a variety of ways from the many contemporary trip. Other highlights included a game of cricket at the
Islamic ethnic groups surrounding them in the region. In November
2018, UNESCO added the traditional Kalash practice of Suri Jagek National Cricket Academy in Lahore and a visit to Badshahi
- a meteorological and astronomical observation of the sun, moon, Mosque. William and Kate also rode in a rickshaw to meet
stars and shadows with respect to the local topography - to the list
of intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding. with the country’s Prime Minister, Imran Khan. This was the
to remain to stay, continue (to be) / contemporary existing
Royal family’s first visit to Pakistan in 13 years.
currently, at present / to surround to encircle / shadow area of settlement encampment, village / heritage patrimony, historic, cultural / trip journey, visit /
darkness, shade / with respect to in relation to / intangible not highlight best/most memorable part / game here, match / to ride, rode, ridden to travel on /
physical / safeguarding protection, preservation. rickshaw small two-wheeled transport pulled by a person, bicycle or moped.
4 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019

On parle d'eux… Retrouvez le fil d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
Ceux qui font l'actu
Simone
Biles
Biles wowed the world by win-
ning four gold medals at the
2016 Summer Olympics in Rio.
Now 22, she is the most deco-
rated American gymnast of all
time. Since the World Champi-
onships in Stuttgart, she has
also become the most decorated
gymnast in the competition's
history, with a total of 25 World
medals. The champion, who
says she is constantly in pain,
plans to retire after the 2020
Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
(Marijan Murat/dpa via AP)

to wow to amaze, dazzle, impress / decorated
with the most medals / of all time ever / in pain
suffering / to plan to intend to / to retire to stop
working.
(RONALDGRANT / MARY EVANS / SIPA)

(AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)
(AFFI/REX)
Whoopi Goldberg William Taylor Bruce Lee
Hold on to your habit! Whoopi Goldberg is On the 22nd of October, the interim head of The martial arts studio Bruce Lee opened in
set to reprise her role as Deloris Van Cartier the US diplomatic mission to Ukraine tied Los Angeles’ Chinatown has been
for the London production of Sister Act the President Donald Trump to a quid pro quo resurrected, nearly 50 years after it shut its
Musical, next summer. English actress with Ukraine during his testimony in the doors. Martial artist and second-generation
Jennifer Saunders – who co-starred in the Trump impeachment inquiry. Taylor claims Lee student Eric Carr reopened the place,
comedy series Absolutely Fabulous - will he was told that the White House would located at 628 College Street where the
play Mother Superior. With tickets ranging only free military aid to Ukraine if it publicly iconic martial artist originally taught his
from £29 to £249, some are probably hoping promised to investigate Democrats and the students his personal fighting style and
for a miracle to get in. Bidens. His closed-door testimony directly philosophy of Jeet Kune Do, which translates
contradicts the president's assertion that to “way of intercepting fist.” The studio had
to hold, held, held on to to keep / to be set to to be
on the point of/about to / to reprise to take up again, there was no "quid pro quo" with Ukraine. remained relatively vacant since 1969, apart
renew / production here, musical theatre event / from a stint as a dentist’s office.
interim provisional / to tie to link, connect / testimony
musical musical production with singing and dancing / formal statement usually given in a court of law, or to resurrect to revive, use again / to shut, shut, shut
co-star to also have in a principal role / comedy series official gathering / impeachment legal procedure to its doors to close / place location / iconic emblematic /
series of films of the musical comedy / to get, got, got remove from office for breaking the law / inquiry originally at first, initially / fighting combat / fist hand
in to be in the audience, have a ticket to enter. investigation / to claim to assert / to free to make when it is closed tightly / to remain to stay, continue (to
available / to investigate to inquire into / closed-door be) / vacant empty, unoccupied / stint period of time.
no public allowed / assertion affirmation, statement.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019 •5

À la une I Destination I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
277 miles
Grand Canyon (446 km) long
THE GUARDIAN ROGER NAYLOR
ASTRONAUTS IN
THE GRAND CANYON
The Grand Canyon in Arizona provided a training ground for
the moon landing
The Grand Canyon National Park turned 100 years old this year. Located in North-Western Arizona,
UNESCO designated the park a World Heritage Site in 1979. This geological site offers incredible views.
It is so out-of-this world in fact that NASA used it as a training ground for astronauts.
United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Field Test Support Unit with the
Explorer, a lunar rover vehicle simulator,
at Cinder Lake Crater Field east of
Flagstaff, December 1968. (USGS)
6 • VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019  facile A2-B1 /  moyen B2-C1 /  difficile C1-C2
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
Up to 18 miles 6,093 feet 1 mile (1.6km)

(29 km) wide (1,857 m) deep deep on average
O n 20 July 1969, the world paused as

an estimated 600 million people
watched Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
walk on the moon. But few knew they were
distinctive scars from a rowdy past. Flag-
staff was made to order. The San Francisco
Peaks are actually the remains of a hulking
stratovolcano. The town sits amid the San
used in later Apollo missions. “The early
astronauts were all test pilot jocks,” ex-
plains Kevin Schindler, a historian at the
Lowell Observatory. “Their focus was on
watching steps those men had long practiced Francisco volcanic field, dotted with hun- flying and the challenges they might have
in the canyons, craters and lava fields of dreds of craters, cones and vents. to overcome. And this setting was also
Arizona. Fifty years after the moon landing, ideal for training and testing equipment.”
Arizona’s role remains a forgotten piece of Scientists thought the volcanic cinders
4.
history – but this pockmarked landscape of of the terrain might be similar to what CRATER SPOTTING
high rocky plains once served as Nasa’s train- astronauts would find on the moon. Ad- 6. One of their early field trips was a long
ing ground for astronauts headed to the lunar ditionally, the nearby Meteor Crater, the arduous hike to the bottom of the Grand
surface. best-preserved impact cra- Canyon. Accompanied by geologists, the
ter on earth, and the great two-day outing gave the astronauts a
2. The Apollo 11 mission pre- cosmic gash of Grand Can- chance to learn how to identify different
pared for its groundbreak-
The great y o n , p r o v i d e d a n u n- strata, detect faulting, see the impact of
ing voyage outside Flag- cosmic gash of matched geological class- erosion and learn geological map reading.
staff, a small city nestled in Grand Canyon, room. Another important area of study was Me-
a forest of ponderosa pines teor Crater. About 40 miles east of Flagstaff,
at the base of the San Fran-
provided an 5. Between January 1963 the crater is gouged from the high plains,
cisco Peaks, Arizona’s tallest unmatched and November 1972, scien- a bowl-shaped cavity nearly a mile across
mountains. In fact, all 24 geological tists based in Flagstaff and more than 550 feet deep. There’s been
astronauts who have ever would lead 200 separate some slight erosion and the bottom has
flown to the moon trained
classroom. geological field-training ex- partly filled in, but essentially the big hole >>>
here. As the home of the ercises for Nasa’s astro-
famous Lowell Observatory, nauts. The astronauts spent
credited with discovering the planet Pluto their time learning how to identify defin- test pilot pilot that flies planes and other airborne
vehicles to ensure they are up to standard / jock (pej)
in 1930, Flagstaff has an illustrious space ing geological features they might encoun- athlete, sporty type / focus centre of interest, here,
history. But it took center stage during the ter on the moon, how to collect samples priority / to overcome, overcame, overcome here, to
1960s space race when Nasa began its hunt and gather data. They tested the tools they avoid, to get round / setting environment, landscape.
for a moon stand-in. would be using, and versions of spacesuits 6. field trip expedition at the (chosen) location / hike
energetic walk in nature / outing excursion, trip /
(modifications had to be made on some of faulting (formation of) cracks / area here, subject /
THE PERFECT PROXY the early suits because they did not fare about around / to gouge to hollow out / bowl-shaped
3. The US space agency needed a geologi- well around the volcanic rocks). They also in the form of a bowl / nearly almost, practically /
across in diameter, wide / foot (pl. feet) measurement
cally diverse landscape, one ragged and began testing lunar rovers that would be (equivalent of 30.48cm) / deep having a depth of..... /
raw, torn and pummeled, and still bearing slight a little bit of / to fill in to make full / hole cavity,
here, crater.
rowdy tumultuous / to be made to order to be a

1. landing touchdown, arrival on the ground / to remain perfect fit, contain the exact requirements / actually in
to continue to be / pockmarked full of holes, craters fact / hulking imposing / to sit, sat, sat to be located /
(pockmark = scars from smallpox) / landscape amid in the middle of, among / to be dotted with to
countryside, environment / training ground area for have many / vent opening at the earth’s surface from SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
instruction in a professional skill / to be headed to here, which volcanic material, as lava, steam, or gas, is emitted.
to be sent to. 4. cinders ash, remains after a fire / additionally what’s
2. groundbreaking unprecedented / to be nestled in more / nearby close by, in close proximity / gash deep
Notez comment "long"
situated in, surrounded by / pine tree that produces cut / to provide to constitute, offer / unmatched peut remplacer
cones and has thin sharp leaves all year / at the base of without equal, incomparable / classroom training
location.
l'expression "for a long
at the ground level of / home here, site / to credit sth
with to attribute sth with / to take, took, taken centre 5. to lead, led, led to be at the head of, to be in charge
time".
stage to be the main focus of attention / race of / to spend, spent, spent to devote, to pass (time) / Notez également sa position dans la
competition to see who will arrive first / hunt search, defining characteristic / feature characteristic, aspect, phrase :
here, quest / stand-in substitute. element / to encounter to come across / to collect to "long" est placé avant le verbe, "for
3. ragged rough, with an uneven surface / raw in its gather / sample specimen / to gather to collect, amass
a long time" après le verbe.
natural state, undeveloped / torn damaged by sth by / data information / spacesuit special garment that
pulling it apart or into pieces / pummeled here, covers the whole body and has an air supply allowing a ... watching steps those men had long
repeatedly hit (resulting in craters), / to bear, bore, person to move around in outer space / early first, initial practiced. (§ 1)
borne here, to be full of, feature / scar mark left on skin / to fare to react, perform / rover small space vehicle for ... watching steps those men had
after an injury, here, mark of damage, disfigurement / exploration on the surface of a planet / practiced for a long time.
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019 •7

VIDEO BONUS
Discover how the Grand Canyon became one of the most visited and
beloved national parks in the United States.
www.vocable.fr/videos-anglais
Bell Aerospace’s lunar Flying Vehicle just after liftoff at a demonstration for Apollo 15 astronauts Jim Irwin, left, and Dave Scott driving a prototype of a
Nasa and USGS personnel in Hopi Buttes Volcanic Field northeast of Flagstaff, lunar rover in a volcanic cinder field east of Flagstaff. (USGS via AP)
August 1966. (USGS photo P141, F866259)
>>> hasn’t changed much in 50,000 years. sparked some rather curious encounters at at the Astrogeology Science Center, where
Studying the formation helped prepare the the tail end of the 60s. Imagine the poor their space exploration work continues.
astronauts to identify impact craters they students from Flagstaff’s Northern Ari- “The scientists continue to work with as-
would encounter on the moon. zona University communing with nature, tronauts providing the essential back-
or hikers exploring a distant trail, sud- ground in geology they’ll need for their
7. Eventually, though, in 1967 Nasa decided denly stumbling upon men in spacesuits missions,” said Schindler. “In fact, a group
to bring the moon to Flagstaff – or at least driving what appeared to be a tricked-out of astronauts will be arriving later this year
a simulation – by blasting craters of their dune buggy across cinder hills. to do fieldwork at some of the same places
own. Working with the Astrogeology Sci- where the Apollo astronauts trained all
ence Center, a division of the US Geological THE TRAINING CONTINUES those years ago.”
Survey established in Flagstaff to study 8. Fifty years later, evidence of the period
solid bodies in the solar system, explosives is still visible. Cinder Lake Crater Field 9. Schindler is proud of the role Arizona
were used to blow hundreds of craters in remains, although it has been degraded by played in one of history’s defining events,
the volcanic terrain north of town. The the elements and human use, and is now one he says brought us closer together. “For
Cinder Lake Crater Field, as the artificial a popular site for off-roaders and ATVs. Two at least a moment we stood not as Ameri-
crater field was called, was designed to lunar rovers were built in Flagstaff, and cans or Russians, males or females, black
mimic Mare Tranquillitatis, the future one – Grover the Rover – is still on display or white, but as human beings, watching
landing site of Apollo 11. Here the astro- our species pursue – and achieve – excel-
nauts tested spacesuits and equipment, lence,” he said. “Walking on the moon
practiced soil sampling techniques, honed to spark to cause, provoke / rather fairly / curious demonstrated what we can achieve when
lunar rover driving skills and prepared for surprising, odd / at the tail end of at the end of / to we work together on a common goal.” l
lunar landings. Their presence no doubt stumble upon to find by accident, chance / to appear
to seem to / tricked-out fitted out (according to one’s
requirements) / buggy small vehicle / across all over,
everywhere in / hill small mountain.
background here, knowledge / fieldwork on-site
7. eventually in the end / (al)though however / at 8. evidence (inv.) proof, here, traces / the elements research / place location, site, training area.
least at any rate / to blast to blow up, make an the weather, atmospheric conditions / off-roader off
explosion, here, to create a lunar type landscape using 9. proud feeling pleased and satisfied about sth /
road vehicle / ATV = all-terrain vehicle, 4x4 / on
explosives / of one’s own here, for themselves / to defining decisive, historic / to bring, brought, brought
display shown as an exhibit /
blow, blew, blown to explode, create (craters) using together to unite / to stand, stood, stood here, to be /
explosives / to design to create / to mimic to imitate, species (inv.) group of living organisms / to pursue to
reproduce / to hone to perfect / attempt to achieve, to be on a quest to / to achieve to
accomplish.
VOCABLE Du 10 au 24 décembre 2015 •9
418 11.4 million

There are 418 parks in the 11,421,200 people visited the Great
National Park System. Smoky Mountains National Park in 2018,
61 have the designation of making it the most visited national park
“national park”. ahead of the Grand Canyon National Park.
THE NEW YORK TIMES LAUREN MATISON
THE NATIONAL
PARKS WANT YOU
Making America's National Parks great again
According to a 2018 study by the American analytics and advisory company, Gallup, 67%
of employees say they are “sometimes, very often or always burned out at work”. A
growing number of US workers are looking beyond the office to attain a much-coveted,
and often necessary, work-life balance. The New York Times tells us how a startup has set
out to help not only burnt out professionals but also cash-strapped National Park
conservancies.
T
Yosemite National Park, California. (SUPERSTOCK/SIPA)
wo-thirds of all full-time employees waste every year — a survey by the American month-long retreats pair creative professionals
in the United States are currently Psychological Association last year found with budget-strapped park conservancies that
experiencing job burnout, according to a that even a two-week getaway is merely a support National Park Service projects, such as
recent Gallup study. While we aren’t great at stopgap as work-related stress returns before wildlife protection and trail rehabilitation.
taking advantage of earned time off — a our tans have faded.
whopping 768 million vacation days go to 3. For $1,400, which includes lodging, program
TRAILS AND TRIBULATIONS benefits and some meals, these “Amble Crea-
2. Yet a growing number of people are finding tives” devote 18 hours per week working on
1. currently nowadays, at present / to take, took, taken new ways to cultivate stability and avoid or small yet transformative projects, be it rede-
advantage to make the most of, to make good use of / to overcome burnout. Three years ago, after signing a website or increasing audience en-
earn here, to acquire (through work) / time off holiday /
whopping enormous, huge, gigantic / nearly a decade at design agencies, Ilyssa Kyu, gagement. The nonprofits return the favor with
30, quit her job to catch her breath and spend guided national park hikes, exclusive conserv-
more time with her new-born daughter. “I took ancy engagements and an America the Beauti-
a leap of faith and did my own sabbatical,” said ful annual park pass.
Kyu, who went on to not only bond with her
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE daughter but also explore the trails and tribula- 4. Architect and industrial designer Beth Van
tions of national parks over five months. The Why attended the inaugural Yosemite Na-
"burnout" results? A book, “Campfire Stories: Tales from tional Park retreat in the fall of 2018, and consid-
Dans notre société actuelle, burnout America’s National Parks,” and the creation of ers the four-week experience to have been
est souvent utilisé dans le sens d’un a crowdfunded startup, Amble. The company’s life-changing. “I reframed my approach to
épuisement dû à une surcharge de having work-life balance because I was able to
travail ou à un surinvestissement dans take the time to pause and shift,” said Van Why,
to waste to lose / survey study / getaway short holiday,
le travail. who worked with the Yosemite Conservancy,
break / merely simply / stopgap temporary solution / tan
Dans la domaine de l'électricité, il browness (of skin from the sun) / to fade to gradually
s'agit d'une surconsommation de disappear.
courant 2. yet however / growing increasing / to overcome, came, to pair to put together, to associate, to connect / budget-
come to surmount / nearly almost / to catch, caught, strapped with a very restricted budget / park conservancy
There's been a burnout les circuits non-profit organisation in charge of the maintenance and
sont grillés caught one’s breath to stop and have a rest / to take,
took, taken a leap of faith to believe in sth which is difficult development of parks / wildlife flora and fauna.
Comparez : to believe in, here, to take a big risk / sabbatical extended 3. lodging accommodation / to devote to dedicate / be it
a blackout une panne d'électricité, un period of leave from one’s job / to bond with to form a close whether it is / nonprofit organisation which helps a cause
trou de mémoire, un évanouissement relationship with / trail track, path / trials and tribulations and does not have the objective of making a profit / to return
a brown out une panne partielle play on words with the exp. trials and tribulations the favor to reciprocate / hike trek, walk.
difficulties and problems / to crowdfund to raise money for a 4. to attend to be present at / to reframe to change the
d'électricité project via social media / focus of sth / to shift to change (here, to a different rhythm) /
Téléchargez l’appli Vocable offerte à nos abonnés ! www.vocable.fr/applimobile
BASIC RECORDING
On the Basic Recording, Shelly takes us on a visit to the breath-
taking Yosemite National Park, which is best known for its waterfalls.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
Kolob Terrace in Zion National Park, Utah. (RJ HOOPER / CATERS NEWS)
which has provided more than $100 million in of the book, “Your Creative Brain.” “Science people from various career and life stages, Kyu
grants to Yosemite National Park. suggests that whatever people are doing, they said. “People in a transition point who need to be
will do it better after a healthful nature break,” inspired; people feeling burnt out, looking to re-
5. While at Amble, she focused on the conserv- she said. charge, get a new perspective and return a better
ancy’s Art and Nature Center Programs, mak- employee; and the self-employed person looking
ing changes that included developing a more GAINING PERSPECTIVE to take advantage of flexibility and give back.”
family-oriented visitor experience and expand- 7. Following sold-out retreats in Yosemite and
ing the programs to other locations within the the Sierra Foothills, Amble hosted its third 9. Kyu sees participants like Van Why choosing
park. “I gave myself permission to question, program from Oct. 7 to Nov. 10 in Glacier Na- Amble over other types of sabbaticals, such as
explore, listen to myself and just be,” said Van tional Park, in partnership with the Glacier artist residencies, Habitat for Humanity or
Why, who is now thriving in her new role as a National Park Conservancy and Parks Project. work abroad programs, for its unique set of
project manager working on museum and Ten to 12 people were invited to join each pro- offerings. Chief among them: leading confi-
nonprofit projects. “The combination of using gram, and family-friendly accommodations dence-building projects independently, forming
my design skills to help a nonprofit with that ranged from a 340-acre ranch in Mariposa, lasting connections with different creatives
of living in a national park was really exciting.” California, to a contemporary house on the and enjoying backyard adventures in America’s
Flathead River in Hungry Horse, Montana. wildest landscapes. “There’s the perspective
6. Anyone who has ever taken a walk in the that giant cliffs, immense stars and never-
woods knows the rejuvenating effects of the 8. The participants range widely from web ending expanses of land lends you,” Kyu said.
great outdoors. Amble believes that re-envision- developers to marketing experts and craft “It forces you to put your work, daily struggles
ing nature as an optimal work venue is one key makers; the latest Glacier National Park retreat and grievances into perspective — maybe even
element of its long-term success — and that of accepted an artifact photographer from a sci- move past them.” l
its participants. “The experience of nature ence museum in San Francisco, as well as a
shifts individuals toward a state of relaxation, Second City comedian-turned-social media
while also broadening the visual attentional strategist. The program has so far attracted stage phase, here, period of one’s life / to give, gave, given
scope,” said Dr. Shelley Carson, a psychology back to return sth, here, to act in a charitable way and give sth
professor at Harvard University and the author to society.
whatever no matter what / healthful good for one’s 9. to choose, chose, chosen over to favour, to prefer / set
physical and mental well-being. range / chief among the main things being / leading to be in
grant financial aid (from the government). 7. sold-out where all tickets are sold, with no places/seats charge of / lasting durable / backyard garden behind one’s
5. to expand to extend, to develop / to thrive to flourish, to left / to host to organise / partnership association, house, here, outdoor / landscape countryside / cliff high
prosper, to do sth happily and successfully. collaboration / to join to participate in / accommodation area of rock with a steep precipice / expanse open area of
6. wood small forest / rejuvenating invigorating, place to stay / to range to vary from... to. land / to lend, lent, lent to give / struggle difficulty /
revitalising, re-energizing / the great outdoors the open air / 8. widely greatly, considerably / craft maker artisan / grievance complaint / to move past to go beyond, to
to re-envision to re-envisage / venue place / to broaden to artifact object of historical interest / comedian comic / surpass.
widen, to extend, to expand / scope range /
VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019 • 11

Société I Mode I ROYAUME-UNI I  B2-C1
THE GUARDIAN HANNAH MARRIOTT
RENAISSANCECORE
New fashion reflecting 16th century dress styles
Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, was a fashion pioneer
before losing her head in 1536. From the catwalk to Kensington
Palace, her style is all the rage right now. After "normcore", the
fashion trend that consisted in having the most banal of wardrobes,
(Mary Evans Picture Library/SIPA)

The Guardian’s Hannah Marriott guides us through Renaissancecore,
with satin headbands as far as the eye can see.
F ashion’s muse for party season 2019

stares coolly from an oil painting in the
National Portrait Gallery in London. Her velvety
black dress and extravagant headdress are stud-
week, the Game of Thrones star Gwendoline
Christie wore a “Renaissance-inspired” gown on
the red carpet. The square necklines are also very
Ganni spring/summer 2020.
an adorned “half moon – or crescent – style band
or brim sloping away from the face”.
6. Anne of Cleves was no style slouch either,

ded with pearls. At her throat is an extraordinar- with some saying she popularised the leg-o’-
ily Carrie Bradshaw-esque accessory: a gold-and- 4. Embellished headbands are fast becoming mutton sleeve. Incidentally – whether balloon-
pearl initial-B necklace. central to the aesthetic of 2019. The Duchess of ing or draped – fancy sleeves are very Renais-
Cambridge is so attached to hers that British sance, and very Roksanda Ilinčić and JW
2. This is Anne Boleyn, or rather the idea of her Vogue was moved to run a piece on her life in Anderson. Then and now, big sleeves are a way
as created posthumously in the late 16th cen- headbands. The headband’s status as the go-to of taking up space with clothing, a power move
tury. Her look is also very now – think square accessory for women in the public eye was that reverberates through the ages.
necklines, OTT sleeves and embellished head- confirmed by its appearance on Carrie Symonds’
gear. It is all part of a wider trend described as head during the Queen’s speech on Monday. 7. What should we make of the return of a look
“Renaissancecore” by the style blog Manrepeller. Meanwhile, among the very young and hip, they in which opulent fashion was employed as a
have become winter’s answer to the flower defence – albeit one that so often proved futile
3. The renaissance of the Renaissance is popping crown, ever larger and more ostentatious. in the face of the (literally) cut-throat establish-
up far and wide. On the Strictly Come Dancing ment? Perhaps nothing too encouraging. But the
results show a fortnight ago, Tess Daly wore a 5. Tudor monarchs were the style icons of their fact that the English Renaissance has been de-
black velvet dress with a very Boleyn-ish square day, Henry VIII’s Wags in particular. Having scribed as “the peacock age” by some historians
neckline and leg-o’-mutton sleeves. The same previously lived in France, Boleyn was a standout explains its appeal for Christmas-party season
fashion leader, credited with popularising Gallic in the attention economy. l
styles such as the “french hood” – described as
1. to stare here, to look with a fixed expression / coolly
with indifference / velvety made of velvet (soft densely to adorn to decorate / crescent curved to a point on each
piled fabric) / headdress ornament worn on the head in end / band curved ornament for the head/hair / brim
ceremonies / to be studded with to be decorated with / gown formal evening dress / red carpet traditional
crimson rug to welcome VIP guests. edge or border of a head ornament / to slope away from
throat neck / necklace jewellery worn around the neck. to widen in an arch away from.
2. rather actually / idea here, representation / in the 4. headband hairband, accessory worn on the head / to
be moved to be inspired / to run, ran, run a piece on to 6. Anne of Cleves was no style slouch either Anne of
late... at the end of / century period of 100 years / Cleves was also a style setter / incidentally by the way /
square shape with straight sides and equal angles / write an article on / go-to essential, indispensable / in the
public eye often featured in the media, press / whether be it / ballooning in a puffed out style / fancy
neckline ref. to the top of the dress across the chest / OTT extravagant, elaborate / then at that time / way means,
= over the top, exaggerated / sleeve part of a garment meanwhile at the same time / among in the group of /
hip fashionable / ever yet, even. manner / to take, took, taken up to occupy / move here,
covering the arm / embellished ornate, sophisticated / technique / to reverberate to echo.
headgear object worn on the head / to be part of to be 5. day here, era, time / previously before, until then /
an integral aspect of / wide extensive / trend general standout outstanding / to credit sb with to attribute sth 7. to make, made, made of sth to think of / albeit even
tendency, fashion. to sb / Gallic French / such as like (for example)... / hood if, although / to prove to turn out to be / in the face of in
head covering / the context of / cut-throat ref. to the executioner’s axe /
3. to pop up to appear (in multiple places) / far and wide establishment ruling class / peacock large male bird
here and there, everywhere / Strictly Come Dancing like with long blue and green tail feathers that it can spread
Danse avec les stars / show programme / fortnight two out (associated with pride and ostentation) / appeal
weeks / to wear, wore, worn to be dressed in / attraction, popularity.
leg-o’-mutton large and puffed out /
Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
e
Brèves d
société
le chiffre de la quinzaine
(iStock)
According to data from the Office
for National Statistics, the birth
rate in England and Wales has hit
an all time low since records began
in 1938. Since 1947, when the
(AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein)
number of babies being born was
at its peak, the rate has dropped by
45.9%. The current fertility rate in
England and Wales has decreased
again for the sixth year in a row.
rate percentage, level / Wales country in
the United Kingdom, capital Cardiff / to
NBA vs China
hit, hit, hit an all time low to attain the
lowest / records here, statistics / at one’s
peak at one’s highest level / to drop to
fall, go down, reduce / current present / in
The lucrative relationship between the NBA and China has been damaged since a row in succession.
the general manager of the Houston Rockets basketball team, Daryl Morey,
tweeted in support of anti-government protestors in Hong Kong in early October.
The incident has threatened the NBA sponsorship and broadcasting deals in Chi-
na, which are worth hundreds of millions of dollars.
NBA = National Basketball Association / to damage to harm / general manager general director / protestor
demonstrator / early at the beginning of / to threaten to menace, endanger / sponsorship endorsement and financial
support / broadcasting here, programmes on TV and/or radio / deal business agreement, contract / to be worth to
have a value of, to represent. (AP Photo/Marco Ugarte)
Top Dog
In South Africa, an association in
Johannesburg called Top Dog uses dogs to
help child victims of sexual assault cope
with the trial process by organising «court Toasting the avocado
preparation» sessions. Thanks to these A family on the island of Maui, Hawaii, has been
four-legged actors, children are less awarded the Guinness World Record for the
overwhelmed on the actual day of the world’s heaviest avocado. It weighs an
hearing. impressive 5.6 pounds (2.54 kilograms), around
sexual assault sexual attack / to cope with to deal 15 times the weight of an average avocado.
with, manage / trial process court case / four-
legged with four paws / overwhelmed here, unable to toast to raise one’s glass and drink to the honour of
to cope, manage / on the actual day on the day of sb or sth / to be awarded to receive official recognition
trial in court / hearing official session. for sth / heavy here, biggest / to weigh to measure in
kilos or pounds, have a weight of / pound 453.6 grams
(iStock)
/ time here, multiplied by / average ordinary.

Société I Alimentation I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
VIDEO BONUS
How do you create plant-based meat? Quartz takes us
into the labs that analyse beef to try and recreate a similar
product, entirely out of plants.
THE NEW YORK TIMES DAVID YAFFE-BELLANY
THE NEW MAKERS OF

PLANT-BASED MEAT
The meatless meat market
Vegetarian alternatives to meat products are gaining ground. And they are no longer
just favoured by vegans or vegetarians. Amid growing concerns about health and
climate change, even meat-loving Americans are making the switch. They are not
alone. Meat manufacturers are also putting more plants in their plants.
B eyond Meat and Impossible Foods,

scrappy startups that share a penchant
for superlatives and a commitment to protecting
the environment, have dominated the relatively
staple of more people’s diets, as consumers look
to reduce their meat intake amid concerns about
its health effects and contribution to climate
change. Over the last five months, Beyond
new market for vegetarian food that looks and Meat’s stock price has soared and Impossible
tastes like meat. Foods’ deal to provide plant-based Whoppers at
Burger King has prompted a wave of fast-food
2. But with plant-based burgers, sausages and chains to test similar products. Analysts project
chicken increasingly popular and available in that the market for plant-based protein and lab-
fast-food restaurants and grocery stores across created meat alternatives could be worth as
the United States, a new group of companies has much as $85 billion by 2030.
started making meatless meat: the food con-
glomerates and meat producers that Beyond 4. Now, at supermarkets across the United States,
Meat and Impossible Foods originally set out to shoppers can find plant-based beef and chicken
disrupt. In recent months, major food companies sold alongside the packaged meat products that
like Tyson, Smithfield, Perdue, Hormel and generations of Americans have eaten. “There is
Nestlé have rolled out their own meat alterna- a growing demand out there,” said John Pauley,
tives, filling supermarket shelves with plant- the chief commercial officer for Smithfield, one 5. In September, Nestlé released the Awesome
based burgers, meatballs and chicken nuggets. of the largest pork producers in the country. Burger, its answer to the meatless patties of
“We’d be foolish not to pay attention.” Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods. (“We do
3. Once largely the domain of vegans and veg- feel like it’s an awesome product,” a Nestlé
etarians, plant-based meat is fast becoming a spokeswoman said.) Smithfield started a line of
staple basic (food) / diet food regimen / consumer
customer / to look to to try to, to have as an objective / soy-based burgers, meatballs and sausages, and
intake consumption / amid in a context of / concern Hormel began offering plant-based ground meat.
1. scrappy full of fighting spirit / to share to have in preoccupation, worry / stock price price of shares / to
common / commitment motivation, focus / to taste like soar to rise suddenly, to go up dramatically / deal business
to have the same flavour as. agreement, contract / to provide to supply / to prompt 6. There are also blended options — a kind of
2. plant-based vegetal / increasingly more and more / to lead to, to result in, to incite / wave series / analyst faux fake meat that falls somewhere in the
popular well-liked / grocery store supermarket / across expert, specialist / to project to predict / to be worth to existential gray area between the Beyond
all over, everywhere in / meatless vegetarian / have a value of, to represent / as much as up to / billion =
conglomerate corporation / to set, set, set out to here, thousand million.
to have as an objective / to disrupt to destabilise / food 4. shopper customer, buyer / alongside next to /
company company which processes and sells food / to 5. to release to launch, to start selling / awesome
packaged processed, prepared in plastic packaging / fantastic / patty burger / spokeswoman representative
roll out to launch, to start producing / to fill to make full / growing increasing / out there here, which exists, on the
shelf place in a supermarket where goods are displayed / / line range / soy-based made with soya protein /
market / chief commercial officer director responsible ground meat minced meat.
meatball small ball of minced meat. for the commercial strategy of a company / foolish stupid
3. largely essentially, mainly / domain exclusive territory, / to pay, paid, paid attention to take notice, to observe 6. blended combined, mixed / fake false / to fall, fell,
preserve / carefully. fallen to be situated / gray = grey (GB) here, clearly
undefined with characteristics of two things /
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture.
(Amy Lombard / NYT Photos)

Burger and a cut of beef. Tyson is introducing 8. “When companies like Tyson and Smithfield
a part-meat, part-plant burger. And Perdue is launch plant-based meat products, that trans-
selling blended nuggets, mixing poultry with forms the plant-based meat sector from niche to SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
“vegetable nutrition” in the form of cauli- mainstream,” said Bruce Friedrich, who runs
flower and chickpeas. the Good Food Institute, an organization that Les cinq sens et les
advocates plant-based substitutes. “They have
comparaisons
MAINSTREAM MEAT massive distribution channels, they have enthu-
It looks and tastes like meat (§ 1)
7. Many supporters of meatless alternatives have siastic consumer bases and they know what
hailed the new products as a sign that plant- meat needs to do to satisfy consumers.” On peut ajouter "like" aux verbes
suivants pour exprimer une
based meat has gained widespread acceptance.
ressemblance concernant l'aspect
9. But the emergence of these meat companies
physique, le goût, le toucher, l'odeur
in the plant-based protein market has also >>> ou le son :
cut piece / to introduce to launch / poultry meat from to look like
birds e.g. chicken, turkey / cauliflower variety of white 8. to launch to start (selling a product) / mainstream to taste like
cabbage / chickpea leguminous plant with edible seeds conventional, traditional, here, mass market / to run, ran,
(used to make hummus), garbanzo. run to manage, to direct / to advocate to campaign for,
to feel like
7. supporter defender, advocate / to hail to acclaim / to support / channel distribution system / consumer to smell like
widespread extensive, here, by many people / base clientele.
acceptance approval. to sound like

Société I Alimentation I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
>>> prompted suspicion and unease among some

environmental activists, who worry the compa-
nies could co-opt the movement by absorbing
smaller startups, or simply use plant-based
burgers to draw attention away from other en-
vironmental misdeeds.
10. “That’s a legitimate concern,” said Glenn

Hurowitz, who runs the environmental advo-
cacy organization Mighty Earth. For years, big
oil companies bought clean-energy startups
and essentially shut them down, he noted.
“Making admittedly modest investments in
plant-based protein is a legitimately good thing
for these businesses to do,” Hurowitz said, but
(Amy Lombard / NYT Photos)

“it doesn’t entirely balance out all the pollution
they’re causing.”
THE PROTEIN RACE

11. Many of the major food companies began
investing in plant-based meat or other vegan
alternatives years ago. But the pace has acceler-
ated over the past few months. “The entire end- faux meat as an environmental imperative. 15. Still, Brown said he had no plans to collaborate
to-end process happened in less than a year,” said “Every aspect of the animal-based food industry with the major meat producers, whose market-
Justin Whitmore, Tyson’s executive vice presi- is vastly more environmentally disruptive and ing power and supply-chain infrastructure could
dent for alternative protein. “We’ll move with resource-inefficient than any plant-based sys- help plant-based startups reach more customers.
the consumer, and we have the capacity that tem,” he said. Brown has even set a deadline: He said it was an “encouraging sign” that such
helps us move quickly.” eliminate animal products from the global food companies were investing in plant-based protein,
supply by 2035. but he emphasized that the success of the move-
12. Veggie burgers have been on store shelves ment depended on products that truly recreated
for decades, but companies are only now devel- A MEATY BUSINESS the taste and texture of meat.
oping vegetarian products that try to match 14. Not all his new rivals are quite so idealistic.
the experience of eating actual meat, using Their goal is not to upend the meat industry in 16. “If the products are not that great, if
ingredients such as pea proteins and geneti- the name of sustainability. It is mainly to make they’re just basically repurposed veggie burg-
cally engineered soy. money. “We’re a meat company, first and fore- ers, the harm it does to us is not competition,”
most,” said Pauley, the Smithfield official. he said. “It’s reinforcing consumers’ belief
13. Pat Brown, the chief executive of Impossible “We’re not going to apologize for that.” A that a plant-based product can’t deliver what
Foods, has long described the project of creating spokeswoman for Tyson, the largest meat a meat lover wants.”
producer in the United States and the creator
of a new line of plant-based chicken nuggets, 17. For now, though, it’s too early to tell how
9. to prompt to cause, to provoke / suspicion mistrust /
unease anxiety / environmental activist militant put it more bluntly. “Right now,” said the consumers will respond to the wider range of
ecologist / to worry to fear, to be afraid / to co-opt to spokeswoman, Susan Wassel, “it’s really about options, said Alexia Howard, an analyst at Bern-
appropriate / to draw, drew, drawn attention away the business opportunity.” stein who tracks the plant-based meat industry.
from to divert attention away from / misdeed
wrongdoing. “We’ll inevitably see some chipping away of
10. legitimate justified, valid / advocacy support, market share,” Howard said. “But it’s who has
defence / oil company petrol company / clean-energy the best product that will ultimately survive.” l
specialised in clean energy / essentially basically / to imperative obligation / disruptive harmful, detrimental
shut, shut, shut down to close down / to note to explain / resource-inefficient wasteful/uneconomical in terms
/ admittedly to be fair / legitimately justifiably / to of use of resources / plant-based system system which
uses products entirely derived from plants / to set, set, 15. still all the same, nevertheless / marketing advertising,
balance out to compensate for. commercial / supply chain channel of distribution from the
set to establish, to fix / deadline time limit / animal
11. major main / alternative substitute (for meat) / pace product product derived from the body of an animal / extraction of raw materials to the finished product / to
speed / past last / end to end from start to finish / to global worldwide. reach to get to, arrive at / to emphasize to insist on the
happen to take place, to occur / to move here, to evolve. fact that / truly really / taste flavour.
14. quite so here, as / goal objective, target, aim / to
12. veggie = vegetable, here, vegetarian / decade period upend to completely change / sustainability ecology / 16. basically essentially, in fact / repurposed recycled,
of ten years / to match to correspond to / actual real / mainly essentially, principally / first and foremost repackaged / harm damage / competition rivalry between
pea small round green vegetable / genetically above all / official representative / to apologize to say companies in the same market / belief conviction / to
engineered genetically modified. sorry / to put, put, put it to express sth / bluntly deliver to provide / lover fan, person who loves sth.
13. chief executive company director / abruptly, directly / right now at the moment / it is 17. to respond to react / wider larger, broader / range
about... it is a question of... / business commercial, variety / analyst expert, specialist / to track to study, to
economic. follow / to chip away to gradually erode / market share
proportion of business a company has in a specific market
/ ultimately essentially, in the end.
www.vocable.fr
PRATIC’ABLE
Vocabulaire, expressions et astuces pour parler comme un Anglais…
AUGUSTIN HABRAN
Chez le boulanger
Vocabulaire clé
baguette, French baguette golden doré
baguette knead pétrir
bake préparer, faire cuire loaf miche
baker boulanger nut bread pain aux noix
baker’s, bakery boulangerie
order commander
black bread pain noir
pastry pâtisserie, viennoiserie
bread pain
pastry cook pâtissier
(ISTOCK)
bread oven four à pain
pie tarte
brioche brioche
price prix
cake gâteau
rye bread pain de seigle Retrouvez cette fiche de vocabulaire lue sur le CD
change monnaie lecture et son commentaire sur la partie basique
sandwich bread pain de mie du CD conversation.
chip pépite (de chocolat)
slice tranche CD audio ou téléchargement MP3
confectionery confiserie
corn bread pain de maïs sliced tranché
croissant croissant small change petite monnaie
crumb miette, la mie sourdough bread pain au Expressions à retenir
levain
crust croûte
crusty, crunchy croustillant spelt bread pain à l’épeautre How can I help you? En quoi puis-je vous aider ? / Que
stale rassis désirez-vous ?
dough pâte
tart tarte, tartelette I’d like / I’ll have two baguettes please. Je voudrais
farmhouse bread pain de deux baguettes s’il vous plaît.
campagne white bread pain blanc
Would you like anything else? Et avec ceci ?
flour farine wholemeal, wholewheat Would you like it sliced? Vous le voulez tranché ?
French toast pain perdu complet
How many people does it serve? C’est pour combien de
frozen bread pain surgelé yeast levure personnes ?
garlic bread pain à l’ail I’d like to order a cake for next week. Je voudrais
commander un gâteau pour la semaine prochaine.
She really has a sweet tooth. Elle a vraiment le bec
Bon à savoir sucré / Elle raffole des sucreries.
Si la baguette reste une spécialité bien française, les Américains sont

très friands du pain de mie avec lequel ils confectionnent de Testez-vous
nombreuses variétés de sandwiches (American sandwich), dont le
fameux « beurre de cacahuète-confiture » (peanut butter and jam) Trouvez les équivalents de ces expressions
pour le goûter. anglaises, qui font référence au pain en
Dans de nombreux restaurants américains, on vous servira du pain de français :
maïs (corn bread) avec du beurre pour accompagner votre repas. 1) To sell like hot cakes.
Les pays anglo-saxons proposent de nombreuses spécialités
2) To enjoy something while it lasts.
incontournables. Si vous allez aux États-Unis, il faudra profiter de la
gigantesque variété de donuts ! Aussi, ne repartez pas de New York 3) To have a bite to eat.
sans avoir mangé un bagel avec du cream cheese. Côté britannique, il 4) To earn one’s living.
y en a aussi pour tous les goûts : les muffins anglais et leurs « cousins » 5) To have a heart of gold.
les crumpets pour le petit-déjeuner, les cupcakes et les petits
sandwiches triangulaires pour l’heure du thé, ou encore les hot cross
3- Casser la croûte 4- Gagner son pain/ sa croûte 5- Être bon comme du bon pain.
buns et garlic bread, pour ne citer qu’eux.

SOLUTIONS : 1- Se vendre comme des petits pains 2- Manger son pain blanc

PRATIC’ABLE / Grammaire
JOAN GREENWOOD
L’article défini, l’article indéfini,

pas d’article
Piqûre de rappel
1 Complétez avec a, an, the, (ø).
 L’article défini (the) est utilisé pour désigner
quelque chose de spécifique. 1. H
e said it was .......... honour to be invited to make .......... keynote
Il précède le substantif au singulier et au pluriel speech.
que ce dernier soit dénombrable ou
2. He has been .......... university lecturer for many years.
indénombrable.
 L’article indéfini (a / an) est utilisé avec des 3. .......... students generally find his lectures really stimulating.
noms dénombrables au singulier. 4. .......... students he had last year gave him excellent feedback.
“A” précède un nom commençant par une 5. Take .......... umbrella in case it rains.
consonne.
“An” précède un nom commençant par une 6. C
an I give you a lift to .......... hospital?
voyelle. 7. He’s been in .......... hospital for two weeks.
Le “h” prononcé est considéré comme une 8. Is John still in .......... bed?
consonne, le “h” non-prononcé est considéré
comme une voyelle. 9. W
ould you like me to help you make .......... bed?
“U” est une voyelle mais lorsqu’il se prononce 10. N
urses should be giving medical treatment not wasting time
[you], exemple "universe", il est considéré comme making .......... beds.
une consonne.
SOLUTIONS : 1. an / the, 2. a, 3. ø, 4. The, 5. an 6. the, 7. ø, 8. ø, 9. the, 10. ø
 On ne met pas d’article (ø) lorsque l’on parle
de généralités, que ce soit un groupe (dogs,
politicians) ou un nom indénombrable (money,
pollution).
2 Correct [C] or incorrect [I]?

1. T
he survey says the most people are
in favour of a shorter working week. [C] [I]
2. They cost £2.80 a kilo. [C] [I]
3. French children don’t go to the school
on Wednesdays. [C] [I]
4. P
ollution is damaging the health of
our children. [C] [I]
5. The rich have benefited from changes
to the tax laws. [C] [I]
6. Y
ou can trust him. He’s a honest man. [C] [I]
7. She meets up with friends every Friday. [C] [I]
8. On one hand it’s a useful device, but
on other hand it’s really expensive. [C] [I]
on the other hand

[I]  1. ø most people , 3. ø school, 6. an honest man, 8. On (the) one hand ...
Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

SOLUTIONS : [C]  2. 4. 5. 7.

/ Prononciation & Orthographe Retrouvez plus d’infos sur www.vocable.fr
Soignez votre orthographe

1 Tendez l'oreille.
Trouvez les mots correspondant aux définitions. Chaque paire de mots se prononce de la même façon mais attention à
l’orthographe !
a way of walking  ________ ________  useful to keep people out of your garden
zero  ________ ________  a person (female) who takes up religious vows
serious conflict  ________ ________  past tense of a verb connected with clothing
a pause  ________ ________  a device to help you stop
a metal used in stained-glass windows  ________ ________  taken or escorted
to allow a liquid to run into a different place  ________ ________  lacking money
letters and parcels  ________ ________  one of the animal genders
not strong  ________ ________  seven days
what someone did with their eyes  ________ ________  rise quickly and sharply
the part of the body a dog can wag  ________ ________  a story
SOLUTIONS : gait/gate, none/nun, war/wore, break/brake, lead/led, pour/poor, mail/male, weak/week, saw/soar, tail/tale
2 C
Le saviez-vous ?
omplétez les espaces avec une consonne simple (d, l, m, r, etc.)
ou avec des consonnes doubles (dd, ll, mm, rr, etc.). “this pockmarked landscape
of high rocky plains”
pu___e___ed (GB) / pu___e___ed (US) roué de coups
(page 6 § 1)
envi___o___mental de l’environnement Connaissez-vous le vocabulaire
a___o___odation logement médical à l’origine de cette
phrase?
deve___o___ment développement
pock pustule de petite vérole
trave___er (GB) / trave___er (US) voyageur
the pox la vérole, la syphilis
hea___ress une coiffe smallpox la variole, la petite
ra___ed déchiqueté vérole
chickenpox la varicelle
a___ress (adresse)
pockmarked un visage grêlé,
a___e___e___ated accéléré une surface criblée de trous
a___o___ment jardin ouvrier
cau___iflower chou-fleur
sur www.vocable.fr
traveler (US), headdress, ragged, address, accelerated, allotment, cauliflower Retrouvez beaucoup plus d'exercices de
grammaire, d'orthographe et de culture
générale sur notre site internet !
SOLUTIONS : pummelled (GB) pummeled (US), environmental, accommodation, development, traveller (GB)

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En partenariat avec
Langue et culture
Talkisy est un organisme qui propose des cours d'anglais aux collégiens, lycéens et étudiants.
Plus de renseignements sur www.talkisy.com
Quelques expressions utiles

1 Celebrating Thanksgiving “The icing on the cake”
Complétez le texte ci-dessous avec les mots anglais proposés
(ou “The cherry on the cake”)
centrepiece cranberry meal side dishes mashed C’est la cerise sur le gâteau !
pumpkin pie stuffing turkey
“It’s a piece of cake ”
The traditional Thanksgiving dinner : the ……………………. (1) is a
C’est simple comme bonjour
sumptuous ……………………. (2), usually involving a large roasted
……………………. (3). It is served with a variety of ……………………. (4) such as “I bit off more than I could
……………………. (5) potatoes, baked squash, ……………………. (6) made from chew”
apple, chestnuts and bacon - plus ……………………. (7) sauce, of course! J’ai eu les yeux plus grands que
le ventre
For dessert, ……………………. (8) is everyone’s favourite.
SOLUTIONS : 1 centrepiece 2 meal 3 turkey 4 side dishes 5 mashed 6 stuffing 7 cranberry 8 pumpkin pie “That’s food for thought”
C’est matière à réflexion
2 Saurez-vous recomposer ces proverbes ? “He’ll eat (him) for

Pour vous aider : Broth = bouillon - Frying pan = poêle - Gander = Jars - Goose = breakfast!”
oie
Il n’en fera qu’une bouchée !
1. Out of the frying pan A. keeps the doctor away
2. Too many cooks B. never boils Et une citation à retenir :
3. The way to a man’s heart C. into the fire “After a good dinner, one can
4. A watched pot D. is good for the gander forgive anybody, even one’s
5. An apple a day E. spoil the broth own relatives”. Oscar Wilde
6. What is good for the goose F. is through his stomach Après un bon repas, on n’en veut
à personne, même pas à sa
SOLUTIONS : 1C, 2E, 3F, 4B, 5A, 6D. propre famille.
Bon à savoir
 Challenge : Talkisy vous invite à vous tester et
Le dernier jeudi de novembre, les Américains fêtent la première
à comparer vos résultats avec d’autres lecteurs
« harvest » (récolte) des « Pilgrim Fathers » à Plymouth, New de Vocable. Pour vous inscrire au Challenge,
England, en 1621. Au Canada, la fête du même nom est célébrée plus rendez-vous sur www.talkisy.com/challenge.
tôt, le 2e lundi d’octobre. Le « Thanksgiving Feast » est sensiblement Les jeux sont disponibles en téléchargeant une
identique dans les deux pays. application gratuite pour ordinateur, tablette
et smartphone.
Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : L’écologie

À 360°
Le tour du monde en V.O.
Sugar ban
(SSgt Nathanael Callon/USAF/MCT/Sipa USA)

(AP Photo/Rafiq Maqbool)
1,500-year-old jigsaw puzzles As part of Singapore’s war on diabetes, the

Southeast Asian country has announced a
In 2001, the Taliban destroyed many of Afghanistan's Buddhist artefacts, includ- ban on high-sugar drink adverts. The
Ministry of Health also said it would be
ing two towering Buddha statues in Bamyan province and scores of smaller ones introducing graded and colour-coded
excavated from monasteries. These dated back to the third century - a time when nutrition labels on high-sugar drinks to help
many Afghans practised Buddhism. A US supported project aims to help the consumers make an informed choice.
100-year-old National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul reassemble thousands of ban prohibition / high-sugar containing a large
pieces back into statues within the next three years. proportion/amount of sugar / advert =
advertisement / to introduce to launch, establish,
jigsaw puzzle puzzle of many parts, pieces / artefact object of historical or cultural interest / towering immense, very adopt / to grade to classify / to colour-code a code
high / score a group of 20, here, large number of / to excavate to dig up, here, to find and remove / to date back to to made with colours / informed prepared.
originate in / to support here to provide for, fund / to reassemble to put together / piece section, part.
Moving house Iconic Cuba

(Hans Ravn/Ritzau Scanpix via AP)
(UNPA)
The United Nations has unveiled six

commemorative postage stamps with iconic
images of Cuba, designed by the United
Nations Postal Administration’s Cuban-
American art director, Sergio Baradat. Cuba
boasts several UNESCO World Heritage
sites, which appear on the stamps, such as
One of Denmark’s major tourist attractions, the Rubjerg Knude Fyr lighthouse, has relocated Morro Castle, Viñales Valley and the San
because of coastal erosion that threatened to topple it into the sea. For years, the 720-tonne Pedro De La Roca Castle in Santiago de
lighthouse has been perched on a sand dune on the northern Danish coast. It was transported at a Cuba, Trinidad, Cienfuegos and Camagüey.
speed of 12 metres per hour thanks to a rail system that has been compared to roller blades.
iconic emblematic / to unveil to reveal / postage
lighthouse tower equipped with a powerful light to warn or guide ships / to relocate to move to a new place / coastal on stamp small sticker representing payment for sending a
the coast, on the edge of the land / to threaten to menace, here, to present a danger to / to topple to fall / sand fine grains letter or package in the post/mail / to design to create /
of rock covering beach / speed rapidity / rail transport by train / roller blades system of wheels, here, on train tracks. to boast here, to possess with pride / castle chateau.

Enjeux I Politique I ETATS-UNIS I  C2
VIDEO BONUS
Impeachment is a rarely used tool to oust a sitting US
president from power. AFP takes us through the two-step
Washington, D.C. process that begins if lawmakers consider a president is guilty
of treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanours.
BBC TARA MCKELVEY
WHO LISTENS IN ON A
PRESIDENT'S PHONE CALL?
Security issues and changes concerning presidential phone calls during the
Trump administration
Everyday, we learn new, and often disturbing, ways in which our personal security has been breached, data stockpiled
and messages read. But in certain cases, being listened in on comes with the territory: President of the United States
A
is one such example.
whistleblower’s complaint alleging ligence official, believed that the transcript WHO LISTENS?
that records of a call made by Pres- of the call between Mr Trump and Ukrain- 4. Traditionally, officials from the US national
ident Donald Trump was handled in an unu- ian leader Volodymyr Zelensky was kept in security council (NSC) brief the president before
sually secretive way has shone a spotlight on a secret electronic space not for national- a call with a foreign leader. Then the briefers sit
how such calls are monitored - and how they security reasons - but for political purposes. in the Oval Office with the president while he
can be hidden. The whistleblower, a US intel- speaks on the phone with the foreign leader. “At
2. The rough transcript of the call, according to least two members of the NSC are usually pre-
the complaint, was first classified as secret and sent,” according to USA Today. There will also be
1. whistleblower informant exposing wrongdoing / later top-secret, ensuring that only those with officials sitting in a secure room in another part
complaint accusation, official statement to report
wrongdoing / to allege to accuse, claim / record formal
the highest clearances would be able to read it. of the White House, listening to the president’s
written report / call telephone conversation / to handle This was a red flag, according to the whistle- call and taking notes. Their notes are known as
to manage, deal with, treat / unusually exceptionally / blower, as it showed that White House officials a “memorandum of telephone conversation”, and
secretive secret / to shine, shone, shone a spotlight to were not only aware of the politically sensitive like many things in Washington it has an ab-
highlight, expose / to monitor to observe, check, control /
to hide, hid, hidden to conceal, to keep secret / nature of the call but were trying to hide this breviation: “memcon”.
intelligence secret services / information from others in the US government.
5. The president’s calls with foreign leaders are
3. Mr Trump’s critics say the call was an at- also transcribed by computers. Afterwards, as
tempt to convince Ukraine’s leader to investi- former White House officials explain, the hu-
gate his rival, Vice-President Joe Biden, to man note takers compare their impressions
further the president’s own political goals, and with an electronic version of the call. The notes
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE that White House aides were trying to cover from the officials and from the computerised
his tracks. President Trump and his aides deny transcriptions are combined into one docu-
Comment traduire le the allegations, and say there was “nothing ment. This transcript may not be perfect, but
mot "handling" ? different” about the handling of the transcript it is done as carefully as time and resources
the handling of the transcript (§ 3) of the phone call or where it was stored elec- allow. In the case of the president’s phone call
la façon dont la transcription a été tronically. So what’s the normal practice? with Mr Zelensky, according to the whistle-
gérée blower’s complaint, about a dozen people were
handling of drugs trafic de drogue listening to their conversation.
their handling of the prisoners la
>>>
official high-ranking employee / transcript written copy
manière dont ils ont traité les / purpose reason, objective.
prisonniers
2. rough first, rudimentary / to ensure to guarantee,
the handling of complaints la make sure / clearance authorisation / red flag indication
gestion des réclamations 4. to brief to inform, give instructions / foreign from
of sth wrong / aware conscious, informed / sensitive another country / secure assured, safe, established.
careful handling of chemicals is delicate, here, controversial.
essential les produits chimiques 5. to transcribe here, recorded and converted to a text
3. attempt effort, undertaking / to convince to persuade document / afterwards after, next / note taker person
doivent être manipulés avec / to investigate to inquire into / to further to advance,
beaucoup de précaution noting down the conversation as it happens /
promote / goal objective, aim / to cover one’s tracks to computerised on computer, digital / to allow to enable,
handling charges will be added on hide one’s activity, actions / to deny to refute / to store to permit.
doit ajouter des frais de manutention record and keep safe.
President Donald Trump during a telephone call in the Oval
Office of the White House in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)

Enjeux I Politique I ETATS-UNIS I  C2
>>> 6. Since Mr Trump came to office, briefings Communications System, a network that is used
before a phone call can be hastily arranged and by people who work in the intelligence services.
by people with varying levels of expertise, ac-
cording to one former NSC official, who says 10. Frequently, though, the transcripts are
they were sometimes asked to listen in on calls stored in areas that are secret but not guarded
at the last minute. with this extraordinary level of security. Clas-
sifying a transcript as secret - but not top secret
CLASSIFICATION LEVELS - means that officials can discuss the contents
7. Officials who work in the executive secre- of the presidents’ calls more easily with others
tary’s office of the US national security coun- who work in the government.
cil decide on the level of classification for the
transcript of a call, explain 11. Was the security-classifica-
former White House officials. tion system used in the proper
If the transcript contains in- manner in this case? Mr Kud-
formation that could put na-
Since Mr Trump low and other presidential
tional security or lives of in- came to office, advisers say the phone call it-
d iv idu a l s at r i sk , t he briefings before self was fine - and so was the
transcript is classified as top a phone call can handling of the transcript.
secret and is kept in a pro- They strongly disagree with
tected area.
be hastily the whistleblower’s assess-
arranged and ment. But others say the pres-
8. The Project on Middle East by people with ident’s phone call and the se-
Democracy’s Andrew Miller varying levels crecy sur rounding t he
oversaw Egypt for the nation- transcript demonstrated an
al security council during the
of expertise. abuse of presidential power.
Obama administration and
became familiar with the pro- 12. “Security classifications are
cess of classification. Miller says that he un- designed to protect lives,” says Brett Bruen, a
derstands why some transcripts should be White House official who served in the Obama
deemed top secret. But, he says, there was administration. “If all of a sudden, they become
nothing in the call between Mr Trump and Mr a means to protect the political standing of the
Zelensky that rose to that level. “I don’t see president, it means we no longer have a nation-
what’s in there that would justify it being top al-security classification system that is credi-
secret,” says Mr Miller. “This had to be done ble.”
for political reasons.”
13. Mr Miller agrees - he says that keeping a
"TOP SECRET" transcript of a phone call secret just because
9. Classifying the transcript of a call as “top se- you want to protect the political prospects of
cret” means that only individuals in the US your boss undermines the system. Those who
government with the highest level of security work at the White House swear an oath not to
clearance can see the material. As former offi- the president, he says, but to the US constitu-
cials explain, these transcripts are shared tion: “Your primary loyalty should be to the
through a system known by an acronym, Jwics, country - not to the individual.” l
which stands for Joint Worldwide Intelligence
network system.
6. to come, came, come to office to become president / 10. guarded protected / contents matter or information
hastily at the last minute, in a hurry / to arrange to contained / easily with little or no difficulty.
organise / varying varied, diverse / level degree / to 11. proper appropriate / adviser aide, counsellor / fine
listen in to listen to, monitor. here, appropriate / strongly fiercely, intensely / to
7. office service, department / to put, put, put at risk to disagree to not agree, to differ in opinion / assessment
put in danger / area place, zone. evaluation, analysis / secrecy here, confidentiality /
surrounding concerning, on the subject of.
8. Project on Middle East Democracy non-profit
organisation studying the conditions for democracy in the 12. to design to conceive, create, devise / all of a sudden
Middle East / to oversee, saw, seen to supervise, be in suddenly / standing status, reputation / no longer not
charge of / to be deemed to be considered / to rise, rose, any more.
risen to a level to reach a level (of sensitivity) to merit. 13. prospect chances of future success / to undermine
9. to stamp to put a label or official mark on / to share to weaken, damage, discredit / to swear, swore, sworn
here, to communicate (to those with permission to an oath to make a vow (of allegiance).
access) /
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• 25
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VOCABLE Du 10 au 24 décembre 2015
01 44 37 97 79 — vocablenumerique@vocable.fr
Enjeux I Economie I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer have been awarded this year’s Nobel prize for Economics.
THE ECONOMIST (Niklas Elmehed for Nobel Media 2019)
NOBEL PRIZE FOR

UNDERSTANDING POVERTY
The economics behind poverty
The Nobel Prize in Economics was first awarded fifty years ago, in 1969. Since its creation, there have been 84 laureates, two of them
women. Esther Duflo, who is among the laureates this year, is not only the second female to have been awarded the prestigious prize,
she is also the youngest. This isn’t the only novelty: for the first time, the experimental approach to economics has trumped theory.
T HE MOST important question in

economics is also the hardest: why do
some countries stay poor while others grow
rich? In 2015, 10% of the world’s population lived
2. Thirty years ago, economists mostly looked
at the big picture. They studied large-scale struc-
tural transformations: from rural and agricul-
tural to urban and industrial. Macroeconomists
poverty with methods more commonly associ-
ated with chemists and biologists: randomised
trials. If human capital—health, education, skills
and so forth—is essential for development, then
on less than $1.90 per day, down from 36% in built growth theories around variables such as economists had better make sure they under-
1990. But more than 700m people remain in human capital, then ran cross-country growth stand where it comes from. In Kenya he con-
extreme poverty, and the number grows every regressions to try to measure relationships—for ducted field experiments in which schools were
day in certain parts of the world, in particular example, between years of schooling and GDP randomly divided into groups—some subject to
sub-Saharan Africa. For their contributions to per person. But data were scarce or poor, and the a policy intervention and others not. He tested,
understanding gaps in development, the better vast number of potentially relevant factors made among other things, additional textbooks, de-
to close them, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo it hard to be sure what caused what. worming treatments and financial incentives
and Michael Kremer have been awarded this for teachers linked to their pupils’ progress.
year’s Nobel prize for economics. All three are 3. In the mid-1990s Michael Kremer of Harvard
Americans, though Mr Banerjee and Ms Du- University tried something different. With col- 4. Each such experiment shed a little light on
flo are immigrants (and married to each other). laborators and co-authors, he began studying one small part of the “hardest problem”. It turned
Ms Duflo is only the second woman to have
received the prize and, at 46, the youngest win-
2. mostly principally, for the most part / to look at to study /
ner ever. the big picture global perspective of a problem / large-scale randomised trial test done at random / skill
comprehensive, extensive / to build, built, built to construct, competence, ability / and so forth etc. / they had better
to conceive / growth theory theory of economic development they should... / field experiment study done in real life
/ to run, ran, run to conduct, organise / cross-country here, (not in a laboratory) / randomly by chance, arbitrarily / to
1. economics study of economies and economic systems /
in several countries / regression analysis statistical process be subject to to be exposed to, to be affected by / policy
hard difficult, complex / to grow, grew, grown to
for estimating the relationships among variables / plan of action adopted by a government / textbook
become / to live on to survive, to subsist / down from
relationship link / schooling education / GDP = Gross school book / deworming drug to treat the parasitic
here, a reduction compared to... (36% in 1990) / gap
Domestic Product / scarce insufficient, rare / poor mediocre, disease helminthiasis / incentive motivation, bonus / to
disparity, difference / to close to reduce, to bring to an end
not good, here, not reliable / relevant pertinent. link to connect / pupil student at school.
/ to be awarded to receive / Nobel Prize for Economics
prize given for contributions in the field of economic 3. commonly ordinarily, generally / chemist person who 4. to shed, shed, shed light on to elucidate, to explain /
sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel. studies chemistry / to turn out to reveal, to prove to be /
Une suggestion ? Ecrivez-nous sur monavis@vocable.fr
VIDEO BONUS
Randall Kroszner, Chicago Booth School of Business deputy dean and
former Federal Reserve governor, reacts to the announcement of recipients
of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics on Bloomberg.
out that educational resources—textbooks, say— easily say whether extra schooling boosted mists peer down from on high at society and
did little for learning outcomes. Policies that growth or merely occurred alongside it. Field seek to discover the equivalent of Newton’s laws
made pupils healthier improved their attend- experiments, by contrast, could show not only of motion. Randomised trials are a part of an
ance, but not necessarily the amount they the link between better teaching and greater important development in recent decades, away
learned. The experiments had a larger result, learning, but how the connection worked. from high theory and towards an empirical
however: they taught the economics profession grounding. With these awards the Nobel com-
that randomised trials could work in the field. 7. There remained the problem of “external valid- mittee endorsed this shift. It is, furthermore, a
ity”: the extent to which a measured relationship practical award, celebrating work that offers
5. Mr Banerjee and Ms Duflo built on the foun- holds outside the research context. This question practical ways to improve lives.
dation Mr Kremer laid, deploying randomised haunts all social sciences. People are complex,
trials in a number of developing countries, to and the world ever-changing; thus it is difficult 9. But the hard question still looms. Mr Banerjee
study health care and entrepreneurship as well to be confident that a relationship between two and Ms Duflo reckon that their work builds to-
as education. In India, they found that focusing variables will endure. Researchers must also be ward an answer. Taken together, their experiments
extra teaching resources on pupils who had aware that the small groups being tested may reveal that the gap in productivity between the
fallen behind their peers paid big dividends. They differ subtly from a broader population, or that most and least efficient producers is much wider
showed that microloans—small-scale lending to something in the experiment is influencing in developing economies than in advanced ones.
the cash-strapped poor—were less transforma- participants’ behaviour. In mastering field re- Fix that, one small intervention at a time, and
tive than had been claimed, but could help espe- search, Mr Banerjee and Ms Duflo showed how perhaps eventually the big question will go away.
cially ambitious entrepreneurs. Since the early to overcome these difficulties. “Natural” experi- More macro-minded economists counter that the
2000s the three scholars have studied absentee- ments, such as an unexpected oil shock, cannot huge fall in global poverty of the past three decades
ism among teachers and nurses, immunisation be rerun to satisfy nagging doubts. Field experi- owes little to such fiddling. It has happened,
programmes, the management of public infra- ments can be replicated. Structuring experiments rather, as a confluence of global forces has buoyed
structure and the use of productivity-boosting so that they can be scaled up over time permits poor countries’ fortunes. The mystery of global
technologies such as fertiliser. They have spent greater confidence still. poverty remains. If enough economists emulate
countless hours observing and learning from the innovative spirit and scholarly care of this
the daily struggles of the world’s poor. A DEVELOPING STORY year’s laureates, it will not remain for ever. l
8. Each nugget of truth prised out of the data
6. By breaking big questions into smaller ones, generated by field experiments represents a to peer down from on high to look down from above /
and tackling each in carefully designed experi- contribution to understanding the world. The laws of motion laws of mechanics / development
change / decade period of ten years / grounding
ments, the laureates overcame some hard episte- hope is that many small truths can be piled to- foundation, basis / to endorse to support / shift change.
mological problems. Experiments allowed them gether to make a big one. The work these laure- 9. to loom to have an ominous presence / to reckon to
to demonstrate causes and effects. Economists ates have done uses economic theory as a guide, believe, to think / to build, built, built toward to
who used cross-country regressions could not but nonetheless represents a departure from the contribute towards / wide big / to fix to resolve, to find a
discipline’s business-as-usual, in which econo- solution to / eventually in the long term, finally / to go,
went, gone away to disappear / macro-minded with an
approach relating to macroeconomics / to counter to
to do, did, done little for here, to have very little
retort / fall drop, decrease / global worldwide / to owe to
influence on / outcome result / healthy in good physical
be due to / fiddling here, small insignificant changes /
condition / attendance presence (at school) / amount to boost to stimulate, to improve / merely simply / confluence combination coming together / to buoy to
quantity / large big / to teach, taught, taught to show. alongside next to, at the same time as / by contrast on keep afloat, to support, to boost / fortunes prosperity /
5. to build, built, built on to add to / to lay, laid, laid to the other hand, in opposition / learning knowledge and to emulate to follow the example of / scholarly
establish / health care medical care / teaching skills gained by education / to work to function. academic, erudite, scientific / care here, attention, interest.
instruction by a teacher, pedagogical / to fall, fell, fallen 7. to hold, held, held here, to be valid / to haunt to
behind to be behind, to advance slower than the norm / trouble, to constantly preoccupy / ever-changing in
peer person of the same age / to pay, paid, paid constant change / to be confident that to say with
dividends to produce good results / microloan small, certitude that / to endure to continue to exist / to be
short-term credit of money to a poor entrepreneur in an aware that to be conscious of, to know / subtly slightly, a
undeveloped country / lending act of giving sth which little / broader more global / behaviour conduct, SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
must be paid back / cash-strapped lacking in money, in comportment / unexpected unforeseen, unanticipated /
financial difficulty / transformative which causes a oil shock petrol crisis / to rerun, reran, rerun to happen
transformation / to claim to assert / scholar academic, again / to satisfy to dissipate / nagging persistent / to Mr Banerjee and Ms
researcher / immunisation vaccination / productivity-
boosting here, which improves productivity / to spend,
replicate to reproduce / to scale up to increase in size, to Duflo are married to
produce on a large scale / over time as time goes by / still
spent, spent to devote, to pass (time) / countless many, even more.
each other (§ 1)
numerous, endless / struggle difficulty. Notez que l'on dit married to et non
8. nugget small lump of a valuable metal, here, small
6. to break, broke, broken into to divide / to tackle to interesting piece of information / to prise out here, to pas 'married with' (marié avec).
deal with, to try to find a solution to / carefully obtain (with difficulty) / to pile to stack, to accumulate / De même, se marier avec quelqu'un se
attentively, with care and attention / designed created / nonetheless all the same / departure new direction,
to overcome, came, come to surmount / to traduit to marry someone (et non pas
divergence / business-as-usual normal way of doing 'with someone').
demonstrate to show, to prove / things /

Culture I Cinéma I ETATS-UNIS I  B2-C1
Joe Pesci and Robert De Niro in The Irishman. (Netflix)

HINDUSTAN TIMES, NEW DELHI ROHAN NAAHAR
AFTER THE IRISHMAN AND GEMINI

MAN, ACTORS NEED NEVER
WORRY ABOUT AGE AGAIN
Anti-age technology for actors
Show business used to be all about smoke and mirrors. Back in the day, make up was applied to alter the way actors looked. The
advent of computer-generated imagery (CGI) proved to be a game changer, even if its use to alter human features has tended to
produce jarring results. Two high-profile movie releases rely on the very latest technology to take years off the faces and bodies of
their stars, but are the results uncanny...or uncanny valley?
T he Washington Post review of the 1985

James Bond film A View to a Kill be-
moaned that its 57-year-old star Roger Moore
had “the pie-eyed blankness of a zombie” and
2. In the coming weeks, two films will attempt
to solve a problem that has plagued mankind in
general and movie stars in particular for an
eternity: ageing. With The Irishman and Gemini
state-of-the-art computer-generated imagery
(CGI) is employed as digital makeup on the
faces of real people. This allowed Scorsese the
opportunity to reunite with his long-time muse,
was “not believable anymore in the action se- Man, the Academy Award-winning directors actor Robert De Niro (76), and not have to worry
quences (or in the romantic ones).” Years later, Martin Scorsese and Ang Lee will unveil before about casting a younger actor to play a character
Moore admitted that he was “only about 400 the world technology that could perhaps reshape whose story is told across several years. In
years too old for the part”. But a new technol- the future of filmmaking. Gemini Man, the 51-year-old Will Smith’s age
ogy has arrived that could remove all possibil- literally catches up to him, as his assassin char-
ity of this ever happening again. 3. Both films utilise a technique that is infor- acter is pitted against a younger, more agile clone.
mally known as digital de-aging, through which
state-of-the-art using the latest technology / makeup

1. review critique / A View to a Kill Dangereusement vôtre / 2. to attempt to to try to / to solve to find a solution to / to cosmetics / to allow to enable / to reunite with to work
to bemoan to deplore, to disapprove / pie-eyed drunk / plague to trouble, to be a constant problem for / mankind with again / long-time for a long time / to cast, cast, cast
blankness vacuous expression / to admit to concede / humanity / ageing act of getting and looking older / director to choose an actor for a role / character fictional person /
about approximately / part role / to arrive to appear, to person in charge of making a film / to unveil to reveal / across over the course of / several many / to catch,
come / to remove to take away / ever here, one day / to before in front of / to reshape to change, to transform. caught, caught up to to reach the same level as / to be
happen again to occur another time. 3. both each of two things / digital high-tech / de-aging pitted against to be in direct conflict with in a competition.
use of visual effects to make an actor look younger /
Améliorez votre prononciation en écoutant tous les articles sur le supplément audio de lecture
ADVANCED RECORDING
Our guest on the Advanced recording is Peter Agbaba, director of the
Christine Blundell Make-up Academy in London, who will talk to us
about make-up artistry for film.
CD audio ou téléchargement MP3 (sur abonnement)
er’s 2008 drama, The Curious Case of Benjamin 9. Visual effects supervisor John Knoll stood by
Button, became an unlikely winner of the Acad- the strategy. He told Yahoo Movies in 2017, “We
emy Award for Best Visual Effects, an honour weren’t doing anything that I think Peter Cush-
typically reserved for large-scale blockbusters. ing would’ve objected to. I think this work was
More recently, Marvel films such as Captain done with a great deal of affection and care.”
America: Civil War and Captain Marvel pushed the
boundaries of the technology in ways that were 10. Which begs the question: Have actors been
both attention-grabbing and subtle – Robert rendered worthless if their faces can be used
Downey Jr lost decades, while Samuel L Jackson after they have died? How drastically can their
lost a couple of wrinkles. performances be tinkered with, yet not come
across as a betrayal? Will Salman Khan even
7. In India, a country that idolises its stars to the be required on set? “The challenge,” Scorsese
point of rejecting them when they show their said in an interview to the British Film Insti-
age, Shah Rukh Khan pulled a slightly more tute in October, “is really about keeping that
Will Smith in Gemini Man. (LILO/SIPA) unrefined Gemini Man years before Will Smith character, keeping those emotions and their
GRAND SCALE DIGITAL DE-AGING in 2016’s Fan – in the film, he played a young faces alive”.
4. Netflix debuted The Irishman in the US in stalker who looked an awful lot like a popular
limited theatrical release on November 1, fol- movie actor. Salman Khan was digitally de-aged 11. Only Robin Williams saw it coming, perhaps.
lowed by a streaming release in the rest of the in the recent film Bharat, and is reported to be He handed over the rights to his name, signature,
world on November 27. Gemini Man was released undergoing similar treatment in December’s photograph and likeness to a trust, thereby re-
on October 11. Dabangg 3. stricting their use, or abuse, until 2039. l
5. Although we’ve seen the technique the films CGI ETHICS IN QUESTION
9. supervisor director / to stand, stood, stood by to
use before, rarely has it been used on such a scale. 8. Despite opening a Pandora’s Box of possibili-
defend / strategy technique, technology / to object to to
Gemini Man languished in development hell for ties, the technology has also raised a few eye- disapprove of, to be opposed to / a great deal of a lot of, an
decades to allow the tech to catch up. The Irishman brows about ethics. The debate intensified after enormous amount of / care attention and devotion.
was met with significant delays as Scorsese the release of 2016’s Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, 10. to beg to raise / worthless useless / how drastically to
what extreme / performance interpretation of a role / to
ironed out the finer details of De Niro’s appear- in which actors Peter Cushing (Grand Moff tinker with to play around with to try and repair/improve sth
ance. He said in a recent podcast, “Certain shots Tarkin) and Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia) were / yet not and (all the same) not / to come, came, come
need more work on the eyes, [because] the essentially resurrected by the production, across as to seem to be, to appear / betrayal dishonesty /
wrinkles and things have changed. Does it through a combination of body doubles and CGI, even still / on set place where a movie is filmed, here, in
person / to be about to be a question of / alive real, full of
change the eyes at all? If that’s the case, what and achieved results that have been described life and spirit.
was in the eyes that I liked? Was it intensity? by The Guardian as “one of the most complex 11. to see, saw, seen sth coming to predict sth / to hand
Was it gravitas? Was it threat?” and costly CGI re-creations ever”. over to give / likeness resemblance, here, physical
representation, image / trust organisation which acts legally
in the interests of a specific person / thereby as a result.
6. Digital de-aging first became a part of public
consciousness after the release of 2003’s X-Men: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button L’Etrange Histoire de
The Last Stand, in which actors Patrick Stewart Benjamin Button / unlikely improbable, unexpected / visual
and Ian McKellan were made to appear young- effects special effects / typically usually, generally /
(large-scale) blockbuster big-budget film / to push the
er in one flashback scene. Director David Finch- boundaries of to think in a new innovative way and go
beyond the limits / way technique, method / attention-
grabbing captivating, visually spectacular. SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE
4. to debut to premiere, to present for the first time / 7. to pull here, to do, to play the role of / slightly rather,
release launch of a new product. somewhat, a little / unrefined less sophisticated (here, in
terms of technology and innovation) / stalker person who Normalement "rarely"
5. such a... to so extreme a degree / scale level / to languish
to stagnate / development hell media jargon for a film or
constantly follows and harrasses sb / an awful lot very much est placé entre
/ [he] is reported to be... [he] is apparently... / to undergo,
project which remains in development without progressing to
underwent, undergone to go through, to have / similar l'auxiliaire et le verbe :
production / decade period of ten years / to be met with
treatment similar process. It has rarely been used on such a
here, to experience / significant considerable / delay act of
putting sth to a later date / to iron out to sort out, to find 8. to raise a few eyebrows to cause shock and surprise / scale.
solutions to / shot filmed image / wrinkle line in the skin / at essentially basically / to resurrect to bring back to life /
Mais pour plus d'impact on peut le
all in any way / gravitas seriousness, gravity / threat menace. through via, by way of, thanks to / (body) double actor who
substitutes for a star in scenes which show the body rather placer en tête de phrase en inversant
6. [it] became a part of public consciousness people le sujet (it) et l'auxiliaire (has) :
than the face / to achieve to accomplish / re-creation
became aware... (public consciousness collective
simulation / ever of all time. Rarely has it been used on such a
consciousness) / X-Men: The Last Stand X-Men:
L’Affrontement final / [they] were made to appear... [they] scale (§ 5).
were made to look... /

Échos
Brèves de culture
(James Gourley/REX/Shutterstock)
Breakfast treat
Audrey Hepburn’s working script for the 1961
Paramount production, Breakfast at
Tiffany’s, which included deleted scenes
and extensive annotations in the actress’s
own hand, went under the hammer for
£632,750 ($846,619) at a Christie’s auction.
This sale sets a new world auction record
(Guy Bell/REX)
for a script.
treat delicacy / working used, here, notated /
Breakfast at Tiffany’s (VF) Diamants sur canapé
/ deleted here, removed scenes, cuts / extensive
Experiential installations important, detailled / in... own hand written by / to

go, went, gone under the hammer to be sold to the
highest bidder/price / auction public sale of sth to
He is one of the UK’s most celebrated sculptors. Antony Gormley’s exhibition at the the highest offer / to set, set, set a record to achieve
Royal Academy of Arts in London comes with a disclaimer: “if you are sensitive to a new limit for an activity.
enclosed spaces, one of the works may not be suitable for you to enter. Some of the
works contain water, sharp edges and materials that can transfer onto clothing.”
His most ambitious show in over a decade showcases installations from his 45-year
career and promises visitors an immersive experience. Until Dec. 3 2019.
celebrated famous, renowned / exhibition public display of works of art / disclaimer statement denying responsibility
/ sensitive easily affected by sth / enclosed walled, closed / work oeuvre, artistic creation / suitable appropriate,
adequate / sharp with acute angles and sharp points / edge contour, side / to transfer onto to stain, make dirty / show
here, public display of works of art / to showcase to feature, include.
Ramsay Street adieu
(Netflix)
The creator of
the popular
Australian
television show
Neighbours, Return of The Crown
Reg Watson, Netflix show The Crown, based on Peter
has died at the Morgan’s award-winning film and play,
age of 93. Set kicks off its third season on the 17th of
on the fictional November. Actress Olivia Colman will take
Ramsay Street, over from Claire Foy as Queen Elizabeth
(RonaldGrant/Mary Evans/SIPA)
Neighbours II. The new series will debut in 1977, as

is Australia's the monarch celebrates her Silver Jubilee
all-time longest against a backdrop of economic and
running drama. political strife.
The soap that
launched the The Crown British biographical TV series about
Queen Elizabeth II (with Claire Foy as Queen
careers of many Elizabeth) / show TV series / based on inspired
Australian actors, by, adapted from / play theatrical work, drama /
like Kyle Minogue, is due to celebrate its 35th year in 2020. Watson retired in 1992, but in 2010 was to kick off to begin, start / to take, took, taken
appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for services to the media. over to replace / to debut to begin in, to take
place in / Silver Jubilee Celebration of the 25 year
Neighbours (VF) Les Voisins / to be set on to take place on / all-time running broadcast forever / drama here, TV reign of Queen Elizabeth II / backdrop context /
series / soap popular television drama with continuing episodes / to launch here, to initiate, set in motion / to be due to strife conflict.
to be scheduled to / to retire to stop working / to appoint to designate, nominate.

Z om sur...
La personnalité de la quinzaine à la loupe
Elton John
From pub pianist to international music sensation, Elton
John’s incredible career spans half a century. After the
Rocketman biopic released in May, his tell-all
autobiography spills all sorts of celebrity secrets. Here are
a few quick facts on the be-spectacled popstar.
1 What's in a name? moments, like the time he

Before being Elton Hercules John, he called up his concierge to ask
was Reginald Kenneth Dwight from him to “do something about
Middlesex, England. Would he have the wind” or when he felt so
sold more than 200 million albums worldwide bothered by a woman who waved
and been the fourth highest selling artist of all at him from across a tennis court
time behind Michael Jackson and his nemesis that he immediately called for his
Madonna had he stuck to Reg Dwight? We'll private jet to fly him away.
never know. tantrum sudden short period of unreasonable
and angry behaviour, especially from a child /
worldwide all over the world / highest selling who has
tiaras jeweled headdress / soothing calming /
sold the most albums / of all time ever / nemesis
to flare up to erupt, intensify suddenly /
sworn enemy, rival, adversary / to stick, stuck, stuck to
rocket spacecraft / fiery explosive, volatile /
to keep to, refuse to abandon.
temper mood / to storm off to leave in a
state of anger / to recount to tell, relate,
2
describe / to call up to telephone /
Eye-catching tribute bothered annoyed / to wave to move
Elton started wearing glasses when one’s hand in greeting / across on the
he was 13 to copy rock and roll pioneer other side of / to fly, flew, flown
Buddy Holly. After away to leave by plane.
18 months, he
claims he could
no longer see
without them.
eye-catching that
5 Team
work
Elton John
attracts the attention
has written with
/ tribute homage / English lyricist Bernie
to wear, wore, worn Taupin since 1967. It
all started when he
(Hussein Anwar / SIPA)
to put on / to claim
to assert. answered an
advertisement for
talent placed in the
(Hussein Anwar / SIPA)

popular UK music
publication, NME.
They have collaborated
3
on more than 30
He partied hard albums, but can't work
Elton has made no secret of his bad
in the same room:
habits. At one point, he would sniff
Taupin writes the lyrics
cocaine every four minutes and could Club / unhappiness discontent, depression / failed
on his own and John then
go three days without sleeping. He was also a relationship romantic liason that does not work out /
puts them to music.
heavy drinker. In the early 90s, he attempted to deal contract / court case lawsuit, legal conflict /
get clean and reportedly arrived at rehab lyricist person who writes the words for songs / unending incessant, interminable / turmoil chaos,
advertisement classified advert / to place to publish /
wearing a chicken costume. It's a wonder he's trouble, disorder.
publication here, journal, magazine or newspaper / to
still alive. involve to comprise, consist of.
to party to have a party, to have a good time / to make,
6
made, made no secret of sth not to try to hide the fact
that / heavy drinker alcoholic, large consumer of More than a football
(Northcliffe Collection/ANL/REX/Shutterstock )
alcohol / to get, got, got clean to stop drink and drug

use / reportedly according to certain sources / rehab
fan
detoxification (rehab = rehabilitation) / wonder here, He says Watford football club has
miracle. been his unlikely saviour. He has been chairman of
'The Hornets' twice. In his memoir, he writes : « I
4
was chairman throughout the worst period of my
Tantrums and tiaras life: years of addiction and unhappiness, failed
He may have a warm and soothing relationships, bad business deals, court cases,
voice, but Mr. John can flare up like a unending turmoil. Through all of that, Watford
rocket. His fiery temper can been seen were a constant source of happiness to me. »
in videos of him storming off stage. He is unlikely improbable, here, unexpected / chairman
self-aware though and loves recounting his diva president / The Hornets nickname for Watford Football

Découverte I Santé I ETATS-UNIS I  A2-B1
THE INDEPENDENT PHOEBE WESTON
THE DANGERS
OF BEING A
SLOW WALKER
The health risks associated
with walking slowly
Many studies have touted the benefits of walking. Walking at least thirty
minutes a day is good for the heart and lungs; limits high blood pressure,
cholesterol and muscle aches; strengthens bones; and improves balance.
But new research suggests that how fast we walk also says a lot about our
overall health.
W alking slowly could be a sign

you’re more likely to get sick
in later life, according to new research. A
simple test to measure the speed someone
bodies that showed signs of “accelerated
ageing” on a 19-measure scale. Their lungs,
teeth and immune system were all in worse
shape than people of the same age who
years old. Scores on their IQs, their ability
to understand language, motor skills and
emotional control could predict their walk-
ing speed at 45, according to the paper
walks could predict their chance of getting walked faster. They also had lower total published in Jama Network Open journal.
diseases like Alzheimer’s decades before brain volume, less brain surface area and
symptoms develop, scientists say. more small lesions in the brain, which is 5. There was a difference of 12 IQ points on
normally indicative of someone older. Slow- average between children who grew up to
2.Researchers found 45-year-olds who er walkers also looked older in the eyes of be slowest (with a mean gait speed of 1.21
naturally walked slowly had brains and a panel of eight people who assessed each metres per second) and fastest (with a
participant’s “facial age” from a photograph. mean gait speed of 1.75 metres per second).
1. to be likely to to be probable to / according to as Scientists believe this is because the abil-
stated/shown by... / research study / speed rapidity / WHAT'S IN A WALK ity to walk depends on the interplay of
disease illness / decade period of ten years. 3. “The thing that’s really striking is that many organ systems. They also believe
2. brain encephalon organ in the head / this is in 45-year-old people, not the geriat- cognitive functions like memory and walk-
ric patients who are usually assessed with ing speed could be associated.
such measures,” said lead researcher Line
JH Rasmussen, a post-doctoral researcher 6. “A person’s walking speed depends on the
at America’s prestigious Duke University. function of all these systems working
SUR LE BOUT DE LA LANGUE smoothly together, and reduced walking
4. Scientists could work out how fast some- speed can be a sign of advanced ageing and
to get sick (§ 1) être/ one would walk in middle-age by looking deteriorating function of these organ sys-
tomber malade at their brains when they were just three
to feel sick avoir envie de vomir
ageing act of getting older / scale spectrum of IQ = Intelligence Quotient / ability capacity / motor skill
to be sick être malade, vomir ability to coordinate large muscle groups to
measurement / lung respiratory organ / shape condition /
sick bay infirmerie produce movement.
normally generally / to assess to evaluate, to judge.
on sick leave en congé maladie 5. on average in general, typically / mean average,
3. striking remarkable, noticeable / usually generally,
sick pay indemnité maladie normally / lead principal, head, chief. standard / gait speed time it takes to walk a specified
sick note certificat médical distance / interplay interaction.
4. to work out to determine, to establish /
6. smoothly harmoniously, easily /
Retrouvez plus d’infos dans la newsletter Vocable www.vocable.fr/newsletter
(iStock)
tems,” said senior author Terrie E Moffitt year in Dunedin in New Zealand. Partici- peers. Furthermore, this study suggests
from Duke University and King’s College pants have been studied their whole lives, that unknown factors that had already
London. “This inexpensive and quick test tells with the most recent research between affected 3-year-old children also influ-
us a lot about their inner health, and how fast April 2017 and April 2019 when partici- enced their health and function 40 years
their organ systems and brains are ageing pants were 45. Researchers used MRI later.” Some of the differences in health
towards later diseases.” (magnetic resonance imag- and cognition may be linked to an indi-
ing) scans to look at what vidual’s life choices, scientists say.
A LIFELONG Researchers w a s h appen i ng i n t he
INDICATOR found 45-year- brain. 10. Professor Studenski commented that
7. Dr Moffitt added: “Doc- some of the markers of childhood brain
tors know that slow walk-
olds who Professor Stephanie
9. health could have been influenced by oth-
ers in their seventies and naturally walked Studenski from the Uni- er important factors such as anxiety, sen-
eighties tend to die sooner slowly had brains versity of Pittsburgh, who sory functions or how well the child felt
than fast walkers their and bodies that was not involved in the on the day of testing. “Although the asso-
same age. But this study study, said that testing ciations persisted after accounting for
covered the period from the
showed signs of gait speed could be an in- childhood socioeconomic status, there are
preschool years to midlife, “accelerated expensive indicator of many things we do not know about these
and found that a slow walk ageing”. wellbeing across adult- children, including their prenatal care,
is a problem sign decades hood. She said: “The study birth weight, childhood illnesses, sensory
before old age.” confirms that a subset of function, home situations, or environmen-
persons in their 40s already show indica- tal risks,” she said. l
8. The research is based on a long-term tors of future health challenges and are
study of 904 people born during the same already ageing more quickly than their
peer person of the same age / furthermore what’s more
/ to link to connect, to associate.
inexpensive cheap, not costly / inner internal / health MRI use of magnetic resonance imaging to produce 10. marker indicator / childhood period of time as a child
physical well-being / towards in the direction of. images of the interior of the body. / sensory connected to the senses / although even if / to
7. soon early, young / preschool school for children aged 9. to be involved in to participate in / wellbeing mental account for to take into consideration / including
between 2 and 5 / midlife middle age. and physical health / adulthood state of being an adult / comprising, together with / care medical assistance /
8. born brought into the world as a baby / subset smaller group of people formed from a larger birth weight measurement of how heavy a baby is at
group / challenge difficulty, problem / birth / illness sickness, disease.

Les sorties Retrouvez plus de coups de cœur sur www.vocable.fr
sur www.vocable.fr jouez et gagnez...

Des entrées pour des films et des expositions, des CD et des DVD, des romans, des voyages…
LIVRE
BRIAN DE PALMA
Entretiens avec Samuel Blumenfeld et Laurent
Vachaud
Brian De Palma fait partie de la génération du Nouvel
Hollywood qui a transformé le cinéma américain. Cet
immense metteur en scène a réalisé 29 longs-
métrages, exerçant son talent dans des genres aussi
différents que le thriller, le film d’action, le fantastique,
le film de guerre, la science-fiction et la comédie. Sorti
en 2001, ce livre-entretien de 320 pages, qui comprend
plus de 300 photos, a été très vite épuisé. Plébiscité
par la presse et le public, Prix littéraire du syndicat
français de la critique de cinéma, cet ouvrage de
référence sur un réalisateur qui se livre très peu est
réédité cet automne pour notre plus grand bonheur.
Paru le 7 novembre CINEMA
THE IRISHMAN
Martin Scorsese
Il aura fait couler beaucoup d’encre
avant même que l’on ait pu le
MUSIQUE
découvrir. Un budget de 160
DESERT SESSIONS millions de dollars, des acteurs
Seize ans après la sortie du dernier tome des Desert septuagénaires rajeunis grâce à la
Sessions entamées en 1997, les Volumes 11 et 12 de ce magie du numérique (découvrez
projet musical collaboratif légendaire émergent des l’article de la page 28), l’absence de
sables californiens. Une belle brochette de musiciens rôles féminins... Mais que vaut
a répondu présent à l’enregistrement de ces deux vraiment le nouveau Scorsese qui,
nouveaux opus, avec Josh Homme du groupe Queens pour couronner le tout, snoberait
of the Stone Age aux commandes. désormais les salles de cinéma ?
Paru le 25 octobre Réponse à partir du 27 novembre
sur Netflix.
LIVRE
QU’EST-CE QUE
LA MUSIQUE ?
David Byrne
Connu comme
cofondateur du groupe
new wave Talking
Heads, Byrne nous
plonge dans les
rouages de la musique.
D’où vient-elle et
pourquoi nous fait-elle
vibrer ? Le compositeur
et musicien raconte le EXPOSITION
processus de création,
l’architecture des lieux CHARLIE CHAPLIN DANS L’OEIL DES AVANT-GARDES
d’écoute, ses effets sur En 150 peintures, photographies, dessins, sculptures, documents et
nos émotions, extraits de film, le Musée d’Arts de Nantes propose une redécouverte des
l’influence des œuvres de František Kupka, Marc Chagall, Fernand Léger, Man Ray, Meret
technologies et jusqu’aux logiques économiques qui régissent Oppenheim, John Heartfield, Claude Cahun en soulignant la porosité, la
l’industrie musicale tout en retraçant son propre parcours. proximité, voire la connivence entre leurs productions artistiques et le
cinéma de Chaplin.
Paru le 19 septembre
Du 18 octobre 2019 au 3 février 2020

le
dessin
I Espace I ETATS-UNIS
HISTORY IN SPACE
Two NASA astronauts, Jessica Meir and Christina Koch, made space history on the 18th of October, by
completing the first-ever spacewalk by an all-woman team. The word “spacewalk” is used whenever an
astronaut gets out of a vehicle in space, usually to repair a spacecraft or a satellite, conduct experiments or
test new equipment. Meir and Koch’s walk lasted 7 hours and 17 minutes, during which they replaced a failed
power controller and completed several other tasks in preparation for future spacewalks. The US Space
Agency explained that the all-woman spacewalk wasn’t something they purposefully planned, but was the
result of the increasing number of female astronauts. Koch and Meir’s 2013 class of astronaut candidates was
50 percent women. NASA hopes to put the first woman and next man on the Moon by 2024. 221 spacewalks in
all have been carried out at the International Space Station.
to make, made, made history to be the first to participate in an event that is of historical importance / first-ever the very first / spacewalk exit from the space capsule to be in space
/ all-woman female only / to repair to mend, restore, fix / spacecraft vehicle for travelling in outer space / experiment scientific test / equipment apparatus, materials / to last to
take place over / failed broken, not working / power controller device for continuously adjusting power / to complete to accomplish, finish / purposefully intentionally, deliberately /
class group of students / to carry out here, to take place.
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Collection Histoires faciles à lire

Pour li
en V. Ore
Les textes en page de
droite sont présentés
en version intégrale
ou en version adaptée
.
et simpliﬁée.
Í
No
L’ essentiel du vocabulaire
uvea
uté Histoires faciles à lire. Anglais.
nécessaire est traduit
en page de gauche pour Tragedies
une lecture facile, rapide et
autonome. Choix des textes et écriture des notes :
Ð
Jean-Claude Burgué, Agrégé d'anglais
Niveau avancé (B2-C1)
Ce titre de la collection propose trois tragédies

shakespeariennes mises en contes :
Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello.
Macbeth
Au XIXe siècle, Charles et Mary Lamb décidèrent d’adapter

les pièces de Shakespeare en contes, aﬁn de rendre
ISBN les œuvres du maître plus accessibles.
9782708015500
152 pages Les trois tragédies présentées sont tirées de leur ouvrage
12 € Tales From Shakespeare (1807) : elles racontent les terribles
histoires de Macbeth, de Roméo et Juliette, ainsi que
Chaque d’Othello, personnages parmi les plus célèbres de
histoire est la dramaturgie anglaise.
accompagnée
d’un court
appareil
pédagogique
à utiliser en
classe ou en
autonomie.
Dans la même collection

Anglais Anglais Anglais Anglais Allemand Allemand Grec Grec Italien
super facile (A2-B1) facile (B1) intermédiaire (B1-B2) intermédiaire (B1-B2) intermédiaire (B1-B2) facile (B1) facile (B1) intermédiaire (B1-B2) facile (B1)
No No
uve uve
au au
té té
ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN ISBN

9782708014725 9782708014756 9782708015197 9782708014701 9782708014992 9782708015166 9782708015531 9782708015388 9782708015630
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N° 483 / All English.

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La presse internationale en V.O. pour progresser en anglais

ECONOMY FASHION HEALTH

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SORAYA NIGITA Grand angle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

 A2-B1 Les échos ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30

L’article est repris sur le CD ou les MP3

Retrouvez le reportage vidéo

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Ceux qui font l'actu

(Marijan Murat/dpa via AP)

(RONALDGRANT / MARY EVANS / SIPA)

Whoopi Goldberg William Taylor Bruce Lee

VOCABLE Du 14 au 27 novembre 2019 •5

THE GUARDIAN ROGER NAYLOR

United States Geological Survey (USGS)

Up to 18 miles 6,093 feet 1 mile (1.6km)

O n 20 July 1969, the world paused as

rowdy tumultuous / to be made to order to be a

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418 11.4 million

THE NEW YORK TIMES LAUREN MATISON

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THE GUARDIAN HANNAH MARRIOTT

(Mary Evans Picture Library/SIPA)

F ashion’s muse for party season 2019

6. Anne of Cleves was no style slouch either,

/ time here, multiplied by / average ordinary.

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THE NEW YORK TIMES DAVID YAFFE-BELLANY

THE NEW MAKERS OF

B eyond Meat and Impossible Foods,

(Amy Lombard / NYT Photos)

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>>> prompted suspicion and unease among some

10. “That’s a legitimate concern,” said Glenn

(Amy Lombard / NYT Photos)

THE PROTEIN RACE

Si la baguette reste une spécialité bien française, les Américains sont

buns et garlic bread, pour ne citer qu’eux.

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L’article défini, l’article indéfini,

2 Correct [C] or incorrect [I]?

on the other hand

Retrouvez Yves Cotten sur et-compagnie.blogspot.fr

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Soignez votre orthographe

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Quelques expressions utiles

2 Saurez-vous recomposer ces proverbes ? “He’ll eat (him) for

Ne manquez pas dans le prochain numéro la nouvelle page PRATIC’ABLE : L’écologie

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(SSgt Nathanael Callon/USAF/MCT/Sipa USA)

1,500-year-old jigsaw puzzles As part of Singapore’s war on diabetes, the

Moving house Iconic Cuba

The United Nations has unveiled six

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BBC TARA MCKELVEY

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