Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating black ginger in order to produce tubers of
black ginger.

  Black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora), also known as black turmeric, is a ginger family plant called
“Kurachaidum” or “Kachaidum” in the country of origin in Thailand and Laos. In addition to
polyphenols such as anthocyanins and tannins, they are rich in selenium and amino acids, and are
known as edible and spices, as well as herbal medicines that have effects such as blood circulation
enhancement and physical strength recovery.
  Black ginger is cultivated in Thailand, the country of origin, as well as in subtropical Okinawa, etc.,
because the soil temperature suitable for soil cultivation exceeds 25 ° C. A hole of 15 cm to 20 cm is
formed and planted by dividing a tuberous root which is a vegetative propagation organ. The harvesting
period of tuberous root is within 10 to 20 days after the leaves of December are withered, and the
tuberous root after harvesting is dried for several days to 7 days in the sun to become a commercial
product.
  When cultivating soil, the germination rate when splitting the tuberous root of black ginger directly
into the soil is about 70-80%, and it takes a long time for germination. It is said that the plant is
difficult to adjust the cultivation conditions because it easily rots and grows poorly when the planting
time is shifted and the new tuberous root does not enlarge.
  Further, when the tuberous root is divided while leaving the germinated buds, many roots are
produced, the growth rate of the tuberous root is lowered, and the yield is only about 2 to 3 times that
of the planted parent tuberous root.
  On the other hand, in order to produce agricultural products and flower buds, tissue culture is known
as an artificial cultivation method for plants such as gramineous, liliaceae, orchidaceae, solanaceae,
legumes, legumes, asteraceae, Place the stems cut from the parent plant under aseptic conditions,
leaves, flowers, roots, tissue pieces, etc. cut from the stem on a sprouting medium composed of a solid
medium such as agar, and the resulting callus, protocorn, seedling The plant is grown by transplanting
the primordial primordia, premature branch, etc. to the growth medium, and the resulting adventitious
buds are transplanted to the rooting medium to perform rooting and shoot elongation to obtain a
cultured plant body Such a method is known (Patent Document 1).
  In addition, as a tissue culture of ginger, in order to improve the growth rate, the shoot apical tissue
collected from ginger is cultured in a medium to which a predetermined trace amount of an inorganic
component is added to form seedlings from callus, germination and A method of cultivating rooted
young seedlings by transplanting them into soil is known (Patent Document 2).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-70943 (paragraph 0009)

  However, when black ginger is produced through tissue culture and soil cultivation, it is possible to
grow rhizomes and increase the survival rate of seedlings, but the problem is that the rhizomes (tubers)
to be harvested are not sufficiently enlarged. There is a point.

  Even if black ginger is cultivated by artificial cultivation through tissue culture in this way, there is a
problem that it cannot be harvested as efficiently as expected, it is prone to growth failure, and it is also
prone to decay due to mold generation .

  Therefore, the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to improve
the method for artificially cultivating black ginger, to make the rhizome (tubers) to be harvested
sufficiently thick, that is, to have poor growth It is made into the cultivation method which can produce
black ginger efficiently in as short time as possible.

  In response to the above problems, the inventors of the present application focused on the
phenomenon called allelopathy (an allergic effect) that has been recognized only for a specific plant in
the past, and black ginger is also a kind of allelopathy. In the case of black ginger, the component of the
parent tuber has the effect of suppressing the germination and growth of the new tuber, that is, the
release material of the parent generation is the growth of the same crop of the next generation. The
present invention has been completed by discovering that the above-mentioned problems can be solved
by discovering that it will adversely affect the above and taking measures to suppress it.

That is, in order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, in the cultivation
method of planting black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) seedlings in a medium and adjusting the
temperature and light of the cultivation environment of the seedlings, The cultivation method of black
ginger is characterized by adjusting the temperature to 20 to 25 ° C. and cultivating the light by
adjusting the light to a photosynthetic photon density of 25 to 35 μmol m −2 s −1 .

  When black ginger is cultivated by the method described above, the temperature and light of the
seedling cultivation environment are adjusted appropriately to prevent infection with filamentous fungi
such as new shoots, petioles, and tuberous molds. And can grow black ginger with no spoiled parts on
the petiole.
  This reduces the emission of allelopathic substances, such as polyphenols, from the tubers, and
enlarges the rhizomes (tubers) to be harvested without causing the release of the parent generation to
adversely affect the growth of the same crop in the next generation. In other words, black ginger can be
produced efficiently in a short time while avoiding stunting.

  Normally, allelopathies are said to be “a chemical substance produced by a plant that inhibits or
promotes the growth of other plants” (Molisch, 1937). In order to eliminate the disadvantage of
hindering the growth of the tuber of the next generation black ginger itself, the temperature and light
environment are adjusted so as to reduce the generation amount of chemical substances causing
allelopaths as much as possible.

  If the temperature range of the cultivation environment is 20 to 25 ° C. or less, it is not preferable
because growth defects such as tuberous roots are likely to occur, and even if the temperature exceeds
the predetermined range, growth defects are likely to occur. By the way, if the growth of the ginger is
poor, the growth of the leaves stops, the water accumulates in the sheath and handle, breaks the leaf and
handle so that they partly rot, and microorganisms propagate from there. This increases the amount of
chemicals that cause allelopathies. From such a tendency, the preferable temperature range is 20 to 24 °
C, more preferably 21 to 24 ° C, and further preferably 21 to 23 ° C.

The reason for adjusting the light to a photosynthetic photon density of 25 to 35 μmolm −2 s −1 is to
prevent the leaves from dying, etc. When the light intensity is less than the above range, the amount of
photosynthesis decreases and the growth of tuberous roots Is slow and the growth is insufficient.
Further, when the light intensity exceeds the above predetermined range, the periphery of the leaf is
likely to wither, thereby increasing the generation amount of chemical substances causing allelopathies.
From such a tendency, a preferable photosynthetic photon density is 27 to 34 μmolm −2 s −1 , more
preferably 28 to 33 μmolm −2 s −1 .

  The medium described above may be either soil or liquid. When seedlings of black ginger
(Kaempferia parviflora) are vegetated and cultivated in the soil, granular activated carbon or zeolite or
these in the soil It is good also as a cultivation method of black ginger which consists of adding and
mixing the porous adsorbent which used together.

  Thus, the predetermined porous adsorbent added to the soil adsorbs chemical substances such as
polyphenols emitted from the cultivated black ginger tubers to prevent or reduce the expression of
allelopathies.
The particle diameter of the zeolite that can effectively exhibit the allelopathic suppressing action by
such a countermeasure is 0.5 to 3 mm, and the particle diameter of the activated carbon is 0.1 to 2 mm.
If the particle size of the zeolite or activated carbon is smaller than the above specified range, the
physicochemical adsorption of the porous adsorbent to the chemical substance causing allelopathy does
not work efficiently, and it tends to be washed away from the soil. It is not preferable. In addition, when
the particle size exceeds the predetermined range, unevenness is likely to occur in the adsorption
action, and the tuberous root may be partially delayed in growth, which is not preferable. From such a
tendency, the preferred zeolite particle size is 0.7 to 2.5 mm, more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 mm, and the
preferred activated carbon particle size is 0.3 to 1.8 mm, More preferably, it is 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

Furthermore, in order to exhibit the allelopathic inhibitory effect efficiently, it is preferable that the
addition amount of the said porous adsorbent is 1-2 mass% in soil.
If the addition amount of the porous adsorbent is a small amount less than the predetermined range, the
adsorption action of the porous adsorbent does not work efficiently, and if the addition amount exceeds
the predetermined range, the remarkable effect is improved more than that. This is because it is not
preferable in terms of addition efficiency.

  Moreover, in order to improve the growth failure of a rhizome more reliably, the fertilizer fertilized is
nitrogen: phosphoric acid: kari = 2.5-3.5: 2.5-3.5: 1.5-2 It is preferably a liquid fertilizer that is adjusted
to a ratio (mass ratio) in the range of .5 and easily diffuses into the soil.

  Of the mass ratio of the fertilizer component, a large amount of nitrogen component exceeding the
predetermined range is not preferable because the growth of microorganisms becomes excessive and
the decay of tuberous roots easily proceeds. In addition, if the potash component is a small amount less
than the predetermined range, the growth of tuberous root does not proceed sufficiently.

  In addition, since the soil is a soil to which 0.1 to 1% by mass of a non-oxygen-producing
photosynthetic bacterium is added, the oxygen concentration in the soil around the tuberous root is
reduced, and Aspergillus or Penicillium spp. It is possible to suppress the growth of the roots and the
like, and to suppress tuberous root rot due to the occurrence thereof.

  In this invention, the seedlings of black ginger are planted in a medium and cultivated by adjusting the
temperature and light of the cultivation environment of the seedlings to a predetermined range, so that
healthy black ginger without rot and spoiled parts without dying There is an advantage that black
ginger can be efficiently produced in a short time by avoiding the developmental failure by reducing
the divergence of allelopathic promoting substances such as polyphenols from tubers.
  In addition, when black ginger seedlings are vegetated and cultivated in the soil, powdered activated
carbon or zeolite or a porous adsorbent combined with these is added to the soil, so that the tuber of the
cultivated black ginger The porous adsorbent adsorbs a predetermined chemical substance emanating
from the above to prevent or reduce the development of allelopathies. As a result, the rhizome (tuber)
to be harvested is sufficiently enlarged and becomes a method for cultivating black ginger which is
unlikely to cause poor growth.

  Further, the porous adsorbent is a granular material having a predetermined particle size, the addition
amount is a predetermined amount, and the composition of fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potassium applied to the soil is a predetermined composition, Or the said advantage becomes more
special by containing predetermined amount of photosynthetic bacteria of oxygen non-generation type.

In the cultivation method of black ginger according to the embodiment, young seedlings of black
ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) are vegetated in a medium, and the temperature of the cultivation
environment of the young seedlings is adjusted within a range of 20 to 25 ° C., and light is synthesized
with a photosynthesis photon density 25 Cultivate by adjusting within the range of ˜35 μmolm −2 s −1 .

  The black ginger used in the present invention is a subtropical plant belonging to the genus Gingidae
and Banturmeric, known as herbal medicine, edible and spice, cultivated on Tokashiki Island in
Okinawa Prefecture, etc. Can be obtained for cultivation purposes.

The method for cultivating such black ginger to young seedlings is not particularly limited, and those
germinated from tuberous roots may be cultured, or a known tissue culture method may be used. The
seedling referred to in the present invention refers to a seedling that can grow by itself transplanted to
soil.
That is, examples of the cultivation method for obtaining young seedlings include the following steps.

  Cultivate black ginger tuberous root under artificial soil conditions, and cut the top buds from the
germinated buds. Then, callus is formed and further cultivated until leaf stem development and rooting
are observed.

Subsequently, when black ginger seedlings are cultivated by cultivating them in a soil or liquid
medium, the temperature of the cultivation environment is adjusted to 20 to 25 ° C., and light is also
referred to as photosynthetic photon density (hereinafter referred to as light intensity PPF). ) Adjust and
cultivate within the range of 25 to 35 μmolm −2 s −1 .
  When the culture medium is soil, the temperature is adjusted by covering the soil with buildings,
tents, films, etc., and adjusting the amount and intensity of the air that touches the soil and the sunlight
(natural light) or infrared that is applied to the soil. Etc. can be adjusted.

The photosynthetic photon density of 25 to 35 μmolm −2 s −1 can be adjusted by adjusting the sunlight

with a blind or by adjusting artificial lighting such as a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, and an
LED.
Incidentally, the photosynthetic photon density 25 μmolm −2 s −1 has an illuminance of about 1488 lx,
and 35 μmolm −2 s −1 has an illuminance of about 2083 lx, and the light intensity is adjusted by
appropriately adopting the above means within these numerical ranges. .

  Examples of the medium used as the soil include sterilized red jade soil (for example, particle size 7
to 10 mm), Kanuma soil, and the like. However, the medium is not limited to this, and has good water
retention and facilitates sterilization of corrosive bacteria. A well-known culture soil can be adopted.

  Moreover, when a culture medium is soil, it is preferable to add and mix a porous adsorbent.
Examples of the porous adsorbent include granular activated carbon having a particle size of 0.1 to 2
mm, zeolite having a particle size of 0.5 to 3 mm, or a combination thereof.

  Activated carbon is a porous material having many fine pores that adsorb organic particles and
molecules on a non-polar surface, and the raw material of the activated carbon is not particularly
limited. In addition to plant materials such as coconut shell and walnut shell, raw materials such as coal
and petroleum may be used.

  Zeolite is a generic name for aluminosilicates having relatively large voids in the crystal structure, and
has the property of adsorbing organic particles and molecules in the same manner as activated carbon.

  The solid medium used for soil or the liquid medium used for hydroponics is nitrogen (N): phosphoric
acid (P): potassium (K) = 2.5 to 3.5: 2.5 to 3.5: 1. It is preferable to blend the fertilizer adjusted to a
ratio (mass ratio) of 0.5 to 2.5 in the form of liquid fertilizer.

  In soil cultivation, if the amount of nitrogen is higher than the above, the ability of microorganisms to
grow increases and the tuberous roots are likely to rot, which is not preferable. However, when
cultivating ginger mixed with plants with strong nitrogen requirement, it is of course possible to add
fertilizer components such as nitrogen necessary for them.

  In the case of hydroponics, for example, it is preferable to add the fertilizer adjusted as described
above to a range of about 0.1 to 0.5% with respect to 1 L of water. In soil cultivation or hydroponics, a
particularly preferable blending ratio is a ratio (mass ratio) of nitrogen (N): phosphoric acid (P):
potassium (K) = 3: 3: 2.

  New tuberous root of black ginger cultivated using such soil grows and enlarges on the basis of
shoots. In that case, it is preferable that the petiole is thick and short, the leaf blade is long and wide,
and the back surface of the leaf is reddish. In particular, when the petiole is longer than the leaf blade,
the petiole breaks, and tuber rot disease frequently occurs from this, which is not preferable. To prevent
this, increase the amount of phosphorus contained in the fertilizer.

  In addition, fertilizer in soil cultivation of black ginger is preferable to promote the growth of tuberous
root by increasing the amount of potash compared to nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and the soil
contains tuber rot fungi (Aspergillus genus such as mold and penicillium) In order to suppress the
growth of miscellaneous bacteria that hinder the growth of diseases such as diseases caused by the
genus, it is preferable to use a medium supplemented with 0.1 to 1% by mass of photosynthetic bacteria
that require oxygen.

  A photosynthetic bacterium is also referred to as a photosynthetic bacterium and refers to a bacterium
that performs non-oxygen-generating photosynthesis excluding cyanobacteria, and these are available
as commercially available photosynthetic bacteria for soil improvement. Examples of such
photosynthetic bacteria include red bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria, and
heliobacteria. These are preferable because they assimilate sulfides and amines that are products of
spoilage bacteria.

  Further, it is preferable to add 1-2% by mass of zeolite or activated carbon or both to the soil to
suppress the growth of filamentous fungi that rot the tuberous root, and to prevent the entry of
filamentous fungi from the rhizomes and shoots. . Incidentally, the filamentous fungus that erodes from
the divided cross section of the tuberous root has the property of being easily propagated at a soil
temperature of 20 to 35 ° C.

  Then, in order to prevent the growth of microorganisms (Aspergillus genus / Penicillium genus) in
tuberous roots and the like, spray a gas or liquid having an active oxygen concentration of 10 to 1000
ppm or about 0.1 ppm of stabilized chlorine dioxide on seedlings and tuberous roots before planting. It
is preferable to disinfect.

  In hydroponics, as described above, illumination is performed using sunlight or the like, and the water
temperature is adjusted to 20 to 25 ° C. with a chiller or the like. The light-shielding rate when using
sunlight is preferably 50 to 70%, and it is cultivated while keeping the light-shielded and preventing
spoilage of sprouts and petioles.

  Incidentally, examples of natural cultivation processes using sunlight include initial culture 60 to 80
days, continuous culture 30 to 40 days, acclimatization 20 to 30 days, hydroponics 100 to 120 days,
and the total number of days is 270 to 290 days.

[Check allelopathy]
Using Okinawa's zima (soil), which has previously caused black ginger continuous cropping disorders,
it was confirmed that it causes developmental disorders on Fudan grass.
That is, continuous cropping soil was placed in a foamed polystyrene laid with commercially available
humus to form a 15 cm layer, and seeds of Fudan grass were sown on this. As a control, commercial
humus was used instead of continuous soil, and seeds of Fudan grass were sown.

In continuous cropping soil, the growth was suppressed and germination was about 30%.
The pH of continuous cropping soil (A) is 6, the mixture of continuous cropping soil 30% of small red
spheres (B) is pH 7, the soil of continuous cropping soil added with 1% bitter lime (C) is pH 7, the
humic soil in the continuous cropping soil The pH of the soil (D) with 30% added and 1 g of gallate is
8 and the pH of the humus soil of the control (E) is 8, and the growth after 1 month (the growth of n
strains in N strains is described below) / N.) Was 6/6 for Group A, 4/6 for Group B, 6/6 for Group C,
6/6 for Group D, and 6/6 for Group E.

  Next, black ginger tuberous root powder (polyphenol 1.4 g / 100 g) was added to the soils of A, B, and
E so as not to add 1% and 1%, and the growth of chard seedlings was examined.

  As a result, the A and B groups were poorly developed, and specifically, 2/6 growth was recognized,
the length became long but the handle became thin, and the growth disorder was recognized. On the
other hand, the E group grew smoothly.

  Next, when transplanting 15 g of tuberous root of 3 g of black ginger to a pot, soil mixed at a ratio
(weight ratio) of red sphere 7, humus 2 and peat moss 1 as soil to be a medium (soil pH is 6.5) ) Was
used to prepare test soil with or without addition of 1% or 0.1% black ginger tuber powder, and the
presence or absence of black ginger tuber growth disorder in each soil was examined.

As a result, it was observed that there was a growth disorder corresponding to the concentration in the
test soil to which black ginger powder was added as described above, and the tuberous roots grew
smoothly in the soil to which black ginger powder was not added.
As a result, it was confirmed that in black ginger, the parent tuber component suppressed the growth of
new tuber roots, and the release material of the parent generation had an adverse effect on the growth of
the same crop of the next generation.

[Examples 1 to 3]
[Collection of apical buds]
Soak tubers of black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) in tap water overnight, select a strain that does not
float, fill it with red jade soil (particle size of about 7-10 mm) or a depth of about 2 cm of Kanuma soil,
and a soil temperature of 20-25 Germination was allowed to germinate for about 30 days under a
condition where the water was sufficiently retained at a temperature of 100 ° C. and a humidity of
100%, under a fluorescent light of 24 hours for 20 hours, or when a red LED was used.

  Next, the top buds were cut using a sterilized scalpel or double-edged razor when the resulting buds
extended to 3 to 4 cm, and subjected to the following tissue culture.

[Tissue culture]
According to the culture method of mass growth of ginger family plants (plant tissue culture, Makoto
Sato 4 (2) 82-85, 1987), the top buds are soaked in 75% alcohol for 30 seconds and then sterilized with
water. The water was washed once, immersed in 1% hypochlorous acid for 10 minutes, and sterilized
water was exchanged and washed three times.

Subsequently, the shoot apex was taken out under a stereomicroscope, and this was aseptically pinched
in a test tube with sterile tweezers and placed in the medium in the center. This was cultured in an
incubator under illumination conditions of temperature 25 ° C., humidity 75%, light intensity PPF 30
μmol m −2 s −1 , light / dark period 16/8 hours.

  For primary culture, MS medium and B5 (liquid) medium are used, and synthetic cytokinin, BAP (6-
benzylaminopyrine) and synthetic auxin NAA are added at different concentrations to compare the
optimal conditions for germination and rooting. I investigated.

  As a result, the shortest callus formation in the MS medium was the condition of adding BAP 1 mg / l
and NAA 0.1 mg / l in 80 days. In the B5 medium, the shortest callus formation was observed at 80
days with only 1 mg / l of BPA and leaf stems and rooting.

[Continuous culture]
Subsequently, the following continuous culture was performed for 30 to 40 days.
MS medium culture: BAP 15 mg NAA 0, 1 mg with 12 leaf stems (shoots), leaf stem length 7 cm,
rooting number 100% and root apex 4.4 cm was the best.
[Adaptation]
Acclimatization was performed using the MS medium, and the acclimatization conditions were as
follows: temperature 25 ° C., humidity 100%, light intensity PPF 30 μmolm −2 s −1 , light / dark (long
period) = 16/8 hours. .
Next, put Kanuma soil into 25 holes of 25 x 25 cm in diameter, transplant 5-7 cm seedlings from the
MS medium, acclimatize with fluorescent lamp 20W for 12-16 hours, extinguish 8 hours to 12 hours,
Seedlings that grew 20 cm to 25 cm were transplanted to hydroponics.

[Hydroculture]
Hydroponic cultivation is solar hydroponics, and the cultivation tank is a 60 cm long, 90 cm wide, 20
cm deep water tank, and is held so that a water level of about 5-10 cm can be maintained in this water
tank. Sixteen holes of 30 to 40 mm were formed at 30 to 40 cm intervals on a polystyrene foam plate
(length 60 cm, width 90 cm), and the tuberous roots of the seedlings thus grown were transplanted
thereto.

Inside the hole, the tuberous root part of the acclimatized seedling was covered with a non-woven
fabric made of urethane having good moisture retention, and the water tank was laid with a material
having water retention such as red jade soil and kanuma soil, which is difficult for microorganisms to
propagate.
For hydroponics, liquid fertilizer in a ratio (mass ratio) of nitrogen (N): phosphoric acid (P): potassium
(K) = 3: 3: 2 is 0.3% by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the culture solution. It was blended at a
ratio of parts.

In this hydroponics, as described above, illumination is performed using sunlight or the like, and
further, 20 to 21 ° C. (Example 1), 22 to 23 ° C. (Example 2), 24 to 25 ° C. (implementation) with a
chiller or the like. The water temperature was adjusted in Example 3). At this time, the light intensity
PPF used for hydroponics was set to 25 to 30 μmolm −2 s −1 (Examples 1 and 2) and 31 to 35
μmolm −2 s −1 (Example 3).

  The leaves of Example 1 to 3 grown in this way had a good ginger leaf size of 25 to 30 cm and a leaf
width of 20 to 25 cm, and the growth of tuberous roots averaged 70 to 10 per Example. It was as good
as 78 g.

  Moreover, the hydroponics of an Example is a sufficient growth condition in 250 days from an initial
culture to the completion | finish of hydroponics, and compared with 270-290 days of a normal natural
cultivation process, shortening of cultivation time is large. We were able to.
[Comparative Examples 1-3]
In the said Example 1, it cultivated exactly like Example 1 except having set the temperature conditions
of hydroponics to 15-17 degreeC, and the black ginger of the comparative example 1 was cultivated.
Moreover, the black ginger of the comparative example 2 was cultivated like Example 1 except having
set the temperature conditions of hydroponics to 26-28 degreeC in Example 1. FIG.

Further, in Example 3, the black ginger of Comparative Example 3 was cultivated in exactly the same
manner as in Example 3, except that the light intensity PPF used for hydroponics was 37 to 40
μmolm −2 s −1 .

  The black ginger obtained under the cultivation conditions of Comparative Example 1 was judged to
have poor growth and slightly poor growth. In addition, the black ginger obtained under the cultivation
conditions of Comparative Example 2 was judged to have poor growth because moisture accumulated
in the sheath and handle and the leaf could not be supported. In addition, these tuberous roots also
stopped at a weight of about 36 to 68 g due to poor leaf growth.

  Moreover, since the comparative example 3 was cultivated in the state where it was not shielded from
light, the back surface of the leaf became reddish purple, and a part withered over the whole leaf was
generated, and the weight of the tuberous root was stopped at 60 g or less as in the comparative
examples 1 and 2.

[Example 4]
In Example 1 described above, instead of hydroponics, soil composed of 80% by mass of sterilized
Kanuma soil and 20% by mass of humus soil is employed, and nitrogen (N): phosphoric acid (P):
potassium (K) = 3. : Seedlings were cultivated in soil using a medium containing a fertilizer in a ratio
(mass ratio) of 3: 2 as a medium.

The leaf size of the black ginger of Example 4 was 28 cm and the leaf width was 24 cm, which was an
excellent growth state, and the growth of tuberous roots was good at an average of 75 g per 10
Examples.
Moreover, the hydroponic cultivation of Example 4 was a sufficient growth state in 250 days from the
initial culture to the end of the soil cultivation, and the cultivation time could be greatly shortened
compared with the normal natural cultivation process.