Plant description

This particular chilli belongs to the species Capsicum chinense Jacq. It is a self pollinated species,
however, considerable cross pollination (up to 10%) may occur when insect population is high. The
plant behaves as a semi-perennial if grown under optimal condition. In North Eastern India, plant
height range from 50-100 cm. Under semi-perennial situation it may grow even taller. The stem is
green, with anthocyanin (dark color pigments) pigmentation on the nodes. The surface of the leaf
has the characteristic crinkle look as in other C. chinense species. Leaves are ovate in shape and
size ranges from 10 - 14 cm in length and 5.5 - 7.5 cm in width. Flowers are pendant, with creamy
white corollas, often with a touch of light green. The anthers are blue while the filaments are purple.
It has clustering flowering habit with 2-3 flowers per node but at maturity there are rarely more than
two fruits per node. The elongated fruits are 5 to 7 cm in length, 2.5 to 3.0 cm in diameter (at
shoulder), with an undulating surface. Depending on the soil and climate, fruit shape also seems to
differ a bit. Fruits colour ranges from light green to green to bright red /bright orange at maturity.
The fruit possess 4-5 hollow locules and bears about 25-35 slightly wrinkled seeds. The average
fruit weight is around 5g and under field condition, in a single season a plant produces around 15-20
full sized fruits and 10-14 smaller fruits.

Growing bhut jolokia

Zemljiste

gajiti ih podignute kao krompir zbog vece temperature tla

That it can be grown under diverse soil and climatic conditions is apparent from the fact that it is
already grown in few parts of India and neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It
has been grown experimentally even in the U.S.A and U.K. However, for optimum growth, it
requires well drained sandy loam,(zemljiste sa dosta peska krupne granulacije) clay loam or laterite
soils.

optional 2 :Use the 5-1-1 mix za zemlju(bark, peat, perlite) Currently, due to running out of raw
materials I have some peppers transplanted to 5-1-1 and some in Pro-Mix BX I had on hand. Pro-
Mix is supposed to be one of the best commercial mixes you can buy, but I am seeing almost twice
the growth in the seedlings that are in 5-1-1. It's really that much.The biggest advantage of 5-1-1 is
that it's almost impossible to overwater it. It will simply drain out

The clay itself, has just about everything that pepper plant wants, the problem is the aeration. If you
want monster plants, the roots need to move around easily and quickly. Adding compost or a
verm/perlite/peat mix will do the trick just fine.

djubrenje
During the first few weeks outdoors, a nitrogen-rich fertilizer will help the plant grow tall and
strong. At the time of planting, apply either composted manure or a slow-release fertilizer such as
10-5-5

Split Applications

Application of N in four splits at 30-day intervals has been recommended by Singh et al. (1988) to
achieve maximum yields and profits in chili production. Subhani et al. (1990) obtained the highest
yield of chili when both N and K were applied in four splits at planting, 30, 60 and 90 DAT.

absolutely will need calcium many times during the growing season, in the form of bonemeal, a few
Tablespoon per plant. Scatter the bonemeal around each plant, and water in. You can tell when you
need calcium if the plants stop growing and if young leaves start to pucker---they are running out of
calcium to build new leaves.

Bone meal is usually used for roses, and give each plant a sprinkle of bone meal every 2-4 weeks
during the growing season.

We use 4 pounds for 100 plants each time we fertilize. This is such a critical fertilizer for hot pepper
plants
epsom salts je magnesium sulfate Epsom salt delivers a immediate shot-in-the arm of magnesium
to the plants and boost growth when applied as a foliar spray. Mix 2 tablespoons of Epson Salt in an
average size spray bottle...shake it vigorously and apply to plant every 2 weeks with a thorough
soaking.

epsom so 1kg 400 din +381 (0)60 1486 922, Nena

Potassium is the most helpful nutrient. If you do not have enough potassium then the flowers will
not develop to full size. It is also a reason for small harvests. Phosphorus is also needed in higher
doses during blooming.

Calcium is another. A deficiency in calcium can also prevent uptake of other nutrients even if they
are present. Calcium also affects flower setting and could be a reason for aborted flowers.

Spray your plants every other week so that one week you water with fish emulsion, and the other
week you give your plants the foliar feeding.

If you’re planting chillies in the ground, drop a handful of compost in each planting hole before
you place the pepper plant in it.

Water Your Peppers with Compost Tea

You can give your chili plants a huge advantage by watering them with compost tea. This tea is a
concentrated liquid of compost that has beneficial microbes that benefit both the plant and soil.

Follow the instructions on your compost tea container to “brew” up a batch of liquid.

Pour the tea in a sprayer and drench the stems as well as both the tops and undersides of leaves so
that the excess drips onto the soil.

Za pripremu caja od komposta potrebni su: kofa zapremine 20 litara, tanko plasticno crevo i pumpa
za vazduh koje treba spojiti i ubaciti u kantu. Pokrenite pumpu tako da pocne da proizvodi mehurice
u vodi pa dodajte oko 8 solja komposta i solju secera. Time je omogucen razvoj mikroorganizama
koji ce blagotvorno delovati na sastav zemljista.

Rastvor treba da odstoji 24 sata a onda se razblazi vodom u razmeri 5 (mera vode) prema 1 (meri
koncentrata, tj. "caja"). Dzon kaze da koncentrat naziva "cajem" jer tecnost tako izgleda, a koristi ga
na dva nacina - zaliva zemljiste, ali i preliva preko lisca biljaka. Biofilm koji tako nastaje stiti biljku
od bolesti i insekata

Do this once or twice a month to fight off foliar disease and promote growth.

Yes, I love sulfur as a fertilizer. When I transplant my seedlings outdoors I bury a pack of
matches...fanned out...a few inches below the roots in the root zone. As the plant grows the roots
extend down to the matches and feed off of the sulfur. Between this and my Epsom slat spray, I've
grown bell peppers as big as cantaloupes and Hot Peppers with up to 300 little Chiles on one plant.
You can also find sulfur powdered in most drug stores and apply a tablespoon monthly around the
base of your Pepper plants. Your Chiles will love ya! Takodje sumpor povecava jacinu ljutine
proveriti

One of the biggest aids we have encountered when growing chillies is fish emulsion.

We recommend fertilizing the chili plant every 2 weeks up from the time of germination to when
the plant just starts to fruit.

For best results with the fish emulsion we would suggest these steps.

Ensure that the chillie plants had a very good watering the previous day or that morning as we
will cut down on water over the next 2 days.
Mix the fish emulsion as per packet instructions.
Water the chilli plants at the base with the liquid. Ensure a generous amount is used as this is the
plants only drink for the day. Also make sure that the liquid soaks through he soil to the roots so
they can consume all the nutrients.
The following day water the plant lightly trying not to disrupt the soaked in fish emulsion
mixture under the soil. Feel free to give the foliage a good spray with water though.
Resume normal watering daily.

As said we would only suggest doing this every few weeks. Results we have noticed is the
following days after fish emulsion is added that the plants really wake up and grow, they appear
greener and fuller and vibrant, it’s amazing when you go outside and notice it.

Do not fertilize while the plants are fruiting.

When to water your chilli plants and how much

Often overlooked is the importance of watering. One of the most common situations is over-
watering. Chilli plants like their soil to dry out before watering them again – they don’t like wet
feet!

You can tell if your chilli plant needs water by its leaves – if they are drooping, give it a drink. The
best way is to use your finger to test the top of the soil. Again, moist but not soggy is the goal here
and if your plant looks well, then it probably is

semenje
Seeds should be extracted from completely matured fruits and dried. After drying, the seeds can be
immediately germinated. However, the germination of seeds take long time (about 15-20 days) so it
is advisable to treat the seeds with fungicides and insecticides to avoid damage of the seeds due to
fungal or insect attack during the germination period. The dried seeds should be stored in air tight
containers/polythene packets under refrigeration as the germination percentage decreases rapidly in
high ambient temperature. Seeds should be sown in seed beds established in sunny areas. Normal
treatments of the seed bed should be followed. After 30 days, the seedling should be transplanted in
the main field prepared with the fertilizer doses of normal chilli.
Cultivation of Bhut jolokia
The chilli is widely cultivated in Northeastern states of India such as Assam, Nagaland, Manipur
etc. In Northeast India there are two planting time, kharif and rabi. Kharif cultivation is mainly done
in the hilly states of the region which starts in February - March and harvesting is done from May-
June onwards. As a rabi crop it is grown in the plains of Assam during September-October. In North
eastern state Nagaland the farmers practise Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation) in paddy fields as
sporadic with summer paddy and also in small homestead garden which can be kept for 2-3 years
beyond which the fruit size reduces. In homestead traditional gardens, the farmers prefer to grow
the crop in the shade rather in sunny places. In Jhum cultivation direct seeding is practiced in paddy
fields and the peak harvest time is between August-September
In North Eastern region there are two planting time, kharif and rabi. Kharif cultivation, practiced in
the hilly states, starts in Feb/March and harvesting is done from May- June onwards. In the plains, it
is grown as rabi crops during Sept-Oct. The productivity and pungency of rabi grown crop is
generally more than kharif crop.
During the crop growth several diseases infest the plants in the North-East. The most common
diseases are ‘die-back’, ‘anthracnose’ and ‘leaf curl’ and as such adequate plant protection
measures should be taken. The other enemy: birds. In India, people use these blazing-hot peppers to
ward off elephants, but unfortunately birds seem to be immune to capsaicin. Crows, ravens, and
others will be attracted to the bright red fruit and will happily steal it as it begins to ripen. Try bird
netting or other measures to deter them.The most important tip to remember when gardening: try to
mimic the environment where your plants would thrive naturally. These peppers are from the Assam
region of India, where summer temperatures can reach 100°F. They also do well with high
humidity.

the chilli pods are picked when they are bright red/bright orange in colour. As in other chilli, several
picking has to be done for complete harvesting. In the North East, the Bhut Jolokia is mainly traded
as fresh fruits and only a limited portion is traded as dried products. Drying of this chilly is easier
because of its thin flesh and 4-5 sun drying is enough to dry it completely. The chilli retains its
lustrous colour even after drying. The average fresh fruit yield of this chilli is around 80-100q /ha
under rainfed condition while dry weight ranges from 10-12 q/ha.

Pruning

Most people don't know you can prune pepper plants. About six weeks before the first frost, snip
back top branches and flowers. The plant strength will go to existing peppers, not new growth, and
remaining peppers will mature faster.

Ahh you mean removing the flowers to push fruting farther ahead to increase the size of the plant i
gotcha now Sc.

Encouraging fruit
Your chilli plants will produce flowers and then chillies on each of its sidestems so the more
sidestems you have, the more fruit your plant will produce. If you want to increase the number of
chillies your plant produces, you need to increase the number of sidestems.

Prospect of bhut jolokia

Bhut Jolokia may definitely be the most ideal chilli variety of India for extraction of oleoresin and
capsaicin as it is characterized by very high capsaicin content of 3-5%. Most of the Indian chilli
varieties are unsuitable for the purpose as they contain less than 1% capsaicin, a standard needed for
commercial extraction of Capsaicin. The oleoresin and capsaicin has very high market demand both
at domestic and international level and it is a very costly product. It has been suggested that the
geographical and climatic factors could affect the capsaicinoids content of capsicum grown in a
particular geographical location proveriti. It survives both cooking and freezing temperature and
dissolves in fat

Capsaicinoids Content
A comparative study among various chillies found in Assam has been reported such as Capsicum
annum (Jati Jolokia), Capsicum baccatum(Ohm Jolokia), Capsicum chinense (Bhut jolokia),
Capsicum frutescens (Dhan Jolokia, Maam Jolokia, Totta Bias) and Capsicum pubescens (Bhikue
Jolokia). Amongst of all the capsaicinoids content of various chillies, Bhut jolokia capsaicinoid
content (2.45%) was the highest. Different varieties of capsicum with decreasing order of their
capsaicinoids content are as follows: Bhut jolokia (2.45%) > Dhan Jolokia (2.14%)> Maam Jolokia
(1.38%) >Bhikue Jolokia (0.92) > Ohm Jolokia (0.67%) > Jati Jolokia (0.51%) > Totta bias
(0.25%).

Postharvest Management

Unlike other chillies, the Bhut jolokia has a moisture level of above 85% with a very soft texture
which ultimately reduces significantly the shelf life. Commonly, the farmers harvest the chillies in
the morning or afternoon and despatch to market next day. The retailers have to sale the chillies in a
day or two to avoid wastage. This happens because of high temperature and humid condition of
North East during the season aggravated by the soft tissue and high moisture content of the chilli.
There is need for research to look into lengthening the shelf life period of the chilli. I am aware of
the works being carried by Dr. Ananta Saikia, Professor in the Department of Horticulture, Assam
Agricultural University, Jorhat for improving the shelf life of the chilli. We are waiting for the
outcome. Value Addition After harvest at full red stage, the chillies has to be cleaned and washed
with clean water followed by drying under hot air blast. For export purpose, the entrepreneur should
be cautious about the hygiene aspects as per the requirements of the importing country. The cleaned
chillies should be used for further processing.

There are several products that can be produced from the chilies. Some of them are:
1. Chillies in whole dried form
2. Ground or powdered form
3. Crushed or flakes
4. Paste and mash
5. Oleoresin
6. Distilled oil for flavour
7. Pickles in oil or brine
8. As ingredient in sauce pronaci recepte
9. Pepper spray zanimljivo
10. Capsaicin extraction
Capsaicin has been applied to veterinary sutures to prevent pets from pulling them out with their
teeth. Its use has been suggested for coating fiber-optic cables to prevent rodents from gnawing on
them. Capsaicin is also used as animal and insect repellent, specially, ants and cockroaches. In fact,
many experts believe that capsaicin’s use as a medicine has a great future that scientists are just
beginning to discover.

4. Paste and mash

5. Oleoresin
Capsaicin is found only in chillies and not in other plants and animals. Detectable to the human
taste buds to one part in one million, this powerful alkaloid is extracted from chillies as an oleoresin
(thick oil). The oleoresin is refined into a white crystalline powder which is the pure capsaicin
kontakti
# R. Borgohain & J. Devi Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Assam Agricultural
University Jorhat-785013, Assam
E-mail: borgohainrupam@yahoo.co.in
jdevi@aau.ac.in

http://www.frontalagritech.co.in/ jedini izvoznici but jolokie