International Series in Pure and Applied Mathematics

Ahlfors: Complex Analysis

Bender and Orszag: Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers
Bilodeau and Thie: An Introduction to Analysis
Boas: Invitation to Complex Analysis
Brown and Churchill: Complex Variables and Applications
Brown and Churchill: Fourier Series and Boundary Value Problems
Buchanan and Turner: Numerical Methods and Analysis
Buck: Advanced Calculus
Burton: Elementary Number Theory
Burton: The History ofMathematics: An Introduction
Chartrand and Oellermann: Applied and Algorithmic Graph Theory
Colton: Partial Differential Equations
Conte and de Boor: Elementary Numerical Analysis: An Algorithmic Approach
Edelstein-Keshet: Mathematical Models in Biology
Farlow: An Introduction to Differential Equations and Their Applications
Goldberg: Matrix Theory with Applications
Gulick: Encounters with Chaos
Hill: Experiments in Computational Matrix Algebra
Keisler and Robbin: Mathematical Logic and Computability
Kurtz: Foundations ofAbstract Mathematics
Lewin and Lewin: An Introduction to Mathematical Analysis
Malik, Mordeson, & Sen: Fundamentals ofAbstract Algebra
Morash: Bridge to Abstract Mathematics: Mathematical Proof and Structures
Parzynski and Zipse: Introduction to Mathematical Analysis
Pinsky: Partial Differential Equations and Boundary- Value Problems
Pinter: A Book ofAbstract Algebra
Ralston and Rabinowitz: A First Course in Numerical Analysis
Ritger and Rose: Differential Equations with Applications
Robertson: Engineering Mathematics with Maple
Robertson: Engineering Mathematics with Mathematica
Rudin: Functional Analysis
Rudin: Principles ofMathematical Analysis
Rudin: Real and Complex Analysis
Schcick: Linear Algebra with Applications
Simmons: Differential Equations with Applications and Historical Notes
Small and Hosack: Calculus: An Integrated Approach
Small and Hosack: Explorations in Calculus with a Computer Algebra System
Vanden Eynden: Elementary Number Theory
Walker: Introduction to Abstract Algebra
 McGraw-Hill Higher Education Z2
A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies

ELEMENTARY NUMBER THEORY, FIFTH EDITION

Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the
Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2002, 1998, 1997, 1995, 1991 by The McGraw-Hill
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ISBN 0-07-232569-0
ISBN 0-07-112174-9 (ISE)

Publisher: William K. Barter

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Typeface: 10.5/12 Times Roman
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Burton, David M.
Elementary number theory / David M. Burton.-5th ed.
p. cm.-(International series in pure and applied mathematics)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-07-232569-0
1. Number theory. I. Title. II. Series.

QA241 .B83 2002

512' .72-dc21 2001030785
CIP
INTERNATIONAL EDITION ISBN 0-07-112174-9
Copyright © 2002. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., for manufacture and
export. This book cannot be re-exported from the country to which it is sold by McGraw-Hill. The
International Edition is not available in North America.