Concept of Single Circuit and Double Circuit Transmission lines

In a single circuit transmission line, three conductors corresponding to three distinct

phases i.e., R, Y, and B phases are run on the transmission towers. whereas in a double
circuit transmission line total of six conductors are provided to make two different
transmission circuits.

In a double circuit transmission line, the number of circuits is two each consisting of
three conductors corresponding to three phases. In a double circuit Transmission line,
bundle conductors are mostly wired.

If the number of conductors per bundle is 2 then it will be 220 KV line while if the
number of conductors per bundle is four then it will be 400 KV line. The double circuits
are used where greater reliability is needed. This system of transmission enables the
transfer of more power over a particular distance.

3. Conductor ;
The conductor is one of the important items in a transmission and distribution system.
The cost of the conductor material accounts for a major part of the total cost. The most
commonly used conductor materials for over headlines are as follows ;
▪ (a) For 66 KV line normally coyote A.C.S.R conductor of 26/2.54 mm (aluminum
conductor) 7/1.9 mm (steel).
▪ (b) For 110 KV lines normally Lynx (A.C.S.R 30/7/2.79 mm).
▪ (c) For 220 KV line normally Drake (A.C.S.R 30/7/4.27 mm) when calculating the length
of conductor 1.5% extra provision is to be provided for the allowance of sag.

4. A.C.S.R conductor Hardware

▪ (a) Suspension-clamp: Suspension clamp with arcing horns for holding insulators disc
are used for A-type towers.
▪ (b) Strain clamp: Strain clamps are provided for all type towers other than A-type to
hold the group of disc insulators with arcing horns. On both sides of a conductor on a tower (2
No for each conductor).
▪ (c) Midspan compression joint: This joint is used for making joints between two
separate conductors. Assuming conductors areas 10 KM length in each roll approximately 3
mid-span compression joints are required for each 20 KM run of the line (for 3-phase)

This joint excellent for joining heavy A.C.S.R conductors. The steel core and aluminum
stand are gripped separately and filling of joints are not required.
▪ (d) Repair sleeves of Aluminium: Repair-sleeves employed for repairing of A.C.S.R or
all-aluminum conductors that have sustained surface – damage causing a few aluminum
strands to be damaged or broken which can be assumed to be one for each 5 KM run of the
conductor.
▪ (e) Vibration Dampers: Vibration Dampers are to be placed below the conductors at
the supporting points for bottom conductors. The number of dampers required for A-type
tower is one whereas for all other types it is two as there are two supporting points in them.
▪ (f) Armor rods: Each ‘A’ type tower requires 3 (for – phases) armor rods.
▪ (g) Disc insulators: At high voltages, the pin type insulators become bulky,
cumbersome, and costly.

6. Ground wire accessories

▪ (a) Strain clamps are 2 numbers required for all types of towers other than ‘A’- type to
hold the ground wire.
▪ (b) Suspension clamp for ‘A’ type towers one clamp is required to hold the ground wire.
▪ (c) Mid-span compression joints are required to connect two ground wire together i.e.,
to make joint.
▪ (d) Repair sleeves are to be used for ground wire whenever there is damage in the wire

7. Earthing Materials
▪ (a) Earthing: 40 mm diameter class ‘C’ G.I pipe, 3 mm thick, 2.5 M long holes drilled at
intervals of 300 mm all along the length of the pipe. The whole pit of 340 mm diameter is filled
with charcoal and salt, the cement concrete tank for adding water at the top is to be closed by
M.S plate at the top as per I.E Rule.
▪ (b) Earth strip: 40 mm * 3 mm aluminum strips are used to connect the tower with
earth pipe, through lugs and bolts nuts. Each tower may require 5 M of the strip.
▪ (c) Lugs: To connect tower and strip with earth pipe, lugs with bolts nuts are used.

8. Boards
▪ (a) Phase plates: On each tower of HT transmission lines phase plates indicating the
different phases (red, yellow, and blue) are provided.
▪ (b) Danger plates: On each pole or tower of HT transmission line a danger plate
indicating the working voltage of the line and word “Danger” is provided at a height of at least
2.4 meters from the ground.
▪ (c) Anti-climbing devices: To safeguard against the climbing by an unauthorized
person, GI barbed wire is placed around the poles at a height of 2.5 meters from the ground for
at least 1 meter. on towers, it is provided at a height of 3 meters to 4.5 meters.
▪ (d) Cement concrete materials: Cement concrete (1 : 2: 4) including the lean concrete
is to be done for the foundation of stubs and templates of the tower. The earth excavation is to
be done will be double the volume of concrete. The volume of concrete is in cubic meters
depends on the type and KV of the tower