LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

S.Y. 2021 - 2022
TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER
Program Development and Programming
Languages 10
Q3 WEEK 3 AND 4 MODULE 2
21st Century Skills Critical thinking skills, Problem Solving, Technology skills and digital literacy

Core Values Excellence

WEE
CONTENT STANDARD LEARNING COMPETENCIES
K
Program Development and LC3: Identify and describe the activities involved in the program development life cycle 3&4
Programming Languages (PDLC).
LC4: Recognize what constitutes good program design and list several tools that can be
used by computer professionals when designing a program.

In the previous lesson we discussed about information systems and how they developed using System Development Life
Cycle. Also, we Identified several types of information Systems commonly found in organizations and describe the
purpose of each. In this lesson we will tackle the program development cycle and programming languages, our objective
is to understand what constitutes good program design and list several tools that can be used by computer professionals
when designing a program.

LESSON: PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Creating application programs is referred to as program development. The phases involved with program development are
called the program development life cycle (PDLC). The lesson opens with a discussion of the most common approaches
to program design and development, followed by a look at the program development life cycle; that is, the phases that
occur when a new program needs to be created or an existing program needs to be modified.

Explore: Let’s begin the module by performing the activity below in order to check your prior knowledge
about the lesson.

ACTIVITY 1
CIRCLE OF LIFE
INSTRUCTIONS: Humans go through stages of growth and development. Do you still remember the human life cycle
in your science class back then? For this activity, complete the human life cycle graphic organizer by writing the stage
and description in the correct order.
‍

ACTIVITY 2

INSTRUCTIONS: For this activity, visit this: t.ly/qXGg and investigate the activities that takes place during each
phase of the program development life cycle (PDLC), then use the graphic organizer on your LAS to present the
following activities.

What is it?
The activities above show you that computer programs and software also go through stages of development. Creating a
program (e.g., games, applications etc.) referred to as application software development or program development.

In the next activity we will look at the program design tools used for application development.

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 1 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

End of Explore

Firm Up: Your goal in this section is to learn and understand the program design tools used for
application development.the key terms and concepts of Information Systems and System developments

LC3: Identify and describe the ACTIVITY 32

activities involved in the program
development life cycle (PDLC).
‍
MATCHING TYPEMIND MAP
INSTRUCTIONS: There are several methods or tools for planning the logic of a
program. Watch the video on this link t.ly/lscq and then use the graphic organizer
on your LAS to present the program design tools used for application
development.

What is it?
Program design tools are planning tools. They consist of diagrams, charts, tables, models, and other tools that outline the
organization of the program tasks, the steps the program or program component will follow, or the characteristics of
objects used by the program. These tools are used to define exactly what the program is to do; once a program has been
coded and implemented, the designs generated by program design tools can also provide useful program documentation.

In the next activity we will look at how can we design a program using a flowchart.

End of FIRM UP

Deepen: Your goal in this section is to intensify your knowledge and understanding of program design life
cycle.Information Systems and System developments.

LC3: Identify and describe the ACTIVITY 4

activities involved in the program FLOWCHARTING
development life cycle (PDLC).
INSTRUCTIONS: Use what you’ve learned about flowcharting in our previous
lesson. Draw a flowchart for the following situation: Input a person’s age. If the
person is less than 21 years old, the message “You are under 21.” should be
displayed. For individuals 21 or older, display the message “You are 21 or older.”
Be sure to test your flowchart to make sure it illustrates the proper logic.
FLOWCHART AND ALGORITHM SAMPLE PROBLEMS WITH DECISIONS OR CONDITIONS Tagalog | Beginners Guide 2020

t.ly/0PN1
What is it?
Program design tools are planning tools. They consist of diagrams, charts, tables, models, and other tools that outline the
organization of the program tasks, the steps the program or program component will follow, or the characteristics of
objects used by the program. These tools are used to define exactly what the program is to do; once a program has been
coded and implemented, the designs generated by program design tools can also provide useful program documentation.
Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 2 of 12]
 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022
The activity above shows you how to illustrate the step-by-step logic that is to take place within a program,
module, or method using a flowchart.

Process Questions:
When human beings and computers are both involved in accomplishing a task and something goes wrong, we tend to
blame the computer. There is little question about the existence of software bugs,
1. Can all real-world problems be involving computers (such as erroneous bank transactions, military training
incidents, or privacy breaches) be attributed to errors in the software or program?
2. Today, do you think it is more likely that a computer or a human being would be responsible for a serious system
problem? Why?

End of DEEPEN

Transfer: Your goal in this section is to apply what you have learned in this lesson.

LC4: Recognize what constitutes good program design and HOT TOPICS
list several tools that can be used by computer professionals
when designing a program.
Mobile UX As discussed in the Trend box, it is important to develop a good user experience (UX) when developing
applications. The UX for a Web site often varies with the device being used. For this project, load a Web page you are
familiar with on a PC and on a smartphone or tablet. Compare the content and appearance of both versions of the site.
How are they similar? How are they different? Navigate through the site on both versions—is it comfortable using the
site on the smartphone or tablet? What could be changed on the Web site to make a more enjoyable or usable mobile
UX? At the conclusion of your research, prepare a one-page summary of your findings and opinions and submit it to
your instructor.

End of TRANSFER

References and Website Links used in this Lesson:

 Parker, C. S., & Morley, D. (2015). Understanding computers: Today and tomorrow. Ft. Worth, TX: Dryden
Press.
 Wempen, F., Hattersley, R., Millett, R., & Shoup, K. (2014). Computing Fundamentals. Wiley.
 Kendal/Hunt Introduction to Computer Information System, 1st Edition
Websites
 https://www.cseworldonline.com/articles/stages-of-program-development-process.php
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-engineering-program-development-life-cycle-pdlc/
 http://www.btechsmartclass.com/c_programming/C-Program-Development-Life-Cycle.html

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 3 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Information and Communications Technology (ICT-G10)

NAME: __________________________________________________________________ Score: ______________

GRADE/SECTION: ______________________________________________________

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 1


 Adulthood.   Toddler years.   Senior years
 Infancy.   Puberty.   Pregnancy. 
 Older adolescence.   Middle age.   Childhood. 

EXPLORE ACTIVITY 2

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 4 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

FIRM UP
ACTIVITY 3

PROGRAM
DESIGN
TOOLS

Process Questions:
When human beings and computers are both involved in accomplishing a task and something goes wrong, we tend to
blame the computer. There is little question about the existence of software bugs,
1. Can all real-world problems be involving computers (such as erroneous bank transactions, military training
incidents, or privacy breaches) be attributed to errors in the software or program?
2. Today, do you think it is more likely that a computer or a human being would be responsible for a serious system
problem? Why?

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 5 of 12]

LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

DEEPEN

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 6 of 12]

LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 7 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGES
The Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)
 Problem Analysis
 Program Design
 Program Coding
 Program Debugging and Testing
 Program Implementation and
 Maintenance
Languages Used for Application Development
 Types of Languages
 Categories of Programming
 Languages
 Common Programming Languages
 Common Markup and Scripting
 Languages

The Program Development Life Cycle (PDLC)

Creating application programs is referred to as application software development or program development. Program development
traditionally takes place during the system acquisition phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC), discussed in previous
lesson, and uses the system specifications that were developed during the system design phase of the SDLC. Once program
development has been completed, the SDLC continues. The phases involved in program development are referred to as the program
development life cycle (PDLC) and are illustrated in Figure below. The activities that take place during each phase of the program
development life cycle (PDLC) are discussed in the next few sections. As each development activity takes place, documentation is
generated. The types of documentation generated, which consist of details about what the program does and how it works, are
summarized in Figure below.

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 8 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

PROBLEM ANALYSIS
The PDLC begins with problem analysis, in which the system specifications are reviewed by the systems analyst and programmer to
understand what the proposed system—and corresponding new program—must do.

PROGRAM DESIGN
In the next phase—program design—the program specifications from phase one are refined and expanded into a complete set of
design specifications that express the algorithm for the program.
Good program design helps the development process go more smoothly and makes revisions to the software program easier to do
when changes to the program are needed in the future.

PROGRAM DESIGN TOOLS

Program design tools are planning tools. They consist of diagrams, charts, tables, models, and other tools that outline the
organization of the program tasks, the steps the program or program component will follow, or the characteristics of objects
used by the program.

 Flowchart. A program design tool that graphically shows step-by-step the actions a computer program will take.

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 9 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022
 Wireframe. A visual representation of the overall design and logic of an application.

 Pseudocode. A program design tool that uses English-like statements to outline the logic of a program.

 Unified Modeling Language (UML). A set of standard notations for creating business models; widely used for
modeling object-oriented programs.

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 10 of 12]

 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022

PROGRAM CODING
In the program coding phase, the program is written using a programming language. Once the program design is complete, the next
phase is program coding—the process of coding or writing the actual program steps in the proper format for a particular
programming language. Each programming language has its own syntax, or rules, regarding how programs can be written, so choosing
the programming language to be used is typically the first step. To help produce code rapidly while, at the same time, creating
programs that are both easy to maintain and as error free as possible, many organizations use consistent coding standards and reusable
code.

PROGRAM DEBUGGING AND TESTING

The program debugging and testing phase ensures the program works correctly.

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE

During the program implementation and maintenance phase, the program is put into use and maintained as needed.

TOOLS AND LANGUAGES USED FOR APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT.

As discussed earlier, deciding which language will be used is an important program development decision. There are a vast number of
programming, markup, and scripting languages to choose from; however, often the type of application being developed will dictate the
type of language that should be used.

TYPES OF LANGUAGES
A programming language is a set of rules, words, symbols, and codes used to write computer programs. To write a computer
program, you need an appropriate software program for the programming language you will be using—this software allows you to
code the program and convert the finished source code into object code. It may also include a variety of tools that make it easier to
develop, debug, edit, maintain, and manage programs.

 Markup languages are most often used to create Web pages and Web applications. They are coding systems that
define the structure, layout, and general appearance of the content located on a Web page. Markup languages use
markup tags that are inserted around content to identify where those elements are to be displayed on the Web page
and how they should look.
 Scripting languages are programming languages that are interpreted instead of compiled, so, they are executed one
command at a time and at the time they are run. They are most often used to add dynamic content (content that will
be changed based on user actions.

COMMON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

BASIC and VISUAL BASIC
BASIC (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was designed as an easy-to-learn beginner’s language. It was traditionally
one of the most widely used instructional languages for beginners because it was easy to learn and use and because it worked well on
almost all computers. BASIC is often used for interactive programs, where the program pauses for user input. After the action is taken,
the program continues.
Visual Basic is a version of BASIC that uses a visual programming environment to help programmers quickly and easily create
programs. It is part of the Visual Studio suite of programming products. Recent versions of Visual Studio include support for parallel
processing, application lifecycle management, and cloud development, as well as the ability to integrate with more databases than
previous versions of Visual Studio. Visual Basic code written for the .NET Framework is referred to as VB.NET code.

Java. A high-level, object-oriented programming language frequently used for Web applications. It was developed by Sun
Microsystems (which is now owned by Oracle) and is open-source software.

C++. A newer, object-oriented version of the C programming language. It is a general-purpose coding language which has been used
for game programming, software engineering, data structures, developing browsers, operating systems, applications, and more for
over forty years.

Python
Python. A high-level, open source, dynamic, object-oriented programming language that can be used to develop a wide variety of
applications.
Python is used for web development, AI, machine learning, operating systems, mobile application development, and video games. A
successor to the ABC programming language, Python is a high level, dynamically typed language developed by Guido Van Rossum in
the early 1980s.

COMMON MARKUP AND SCRIPTING LANGUAGES

While markup and scripting languages were originally used for Web pages, they are also used today for Web applications, mobile
apps, and other applications. Consequently, programming, markup, and scripting languages are beginning to be collectively referred to
as application development languages or just languages.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

The markup language designed for creating Web pages is HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). HTML files have the file
extension .htm or .html and use HTML tags— text-based codes embedded into a Web page’s source code to indicate the location and
appearance of content on that Web page, as well as to create hyperlinks. Some examples of HTML tags are shown in Figure 11-26. As
Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 11 of 12]
 LA SALETTE OF ROXAS COLLEGE, INC.
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2021 - 2022
shown in this figure, some HTML tags are paired tags, which surround the content to be associated with that HTML tag. It
is important to realize that with a markup language like HTML, the Web browser, Web browser settings, and device used to display
the Web page ultimately determine what the Web page will look like. Consequently, the appearance of your Web pages may vary
somewhat from user to user.

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES
As mentioned previously, scripting languages are often used to add dynamic content to a Web page and are embedded (via scripts)
into a Web page’s code. They are also used as middleware to tie a Web site to a database.

JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript. A scripting language often used to add animation and interactivity to Web pages and Web applications. JavaScript was
developed to enable Web authors to implement interactive content on Web sites, such as to animate an item or pop up a window or
text when that item is pointed to.

PHP
PHP (also called PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is commonly used to create dynamic Web pages. PHP scripts are enclosed within
PHP tags and are executed on the server so the user cannot view the PHP code.

KEY TERMS

>Program development. The process of creating application programs.

>Program development life cycle (PDLC). The process consisting of the five phases of program development: analyzing, designing, coding,
debugging and testing, and implementing and maintaining application software.
>Problem analysis. The phase of the program development life cycle in which the problem is carefully considered and the program specifications
are developed.
>Programmer. A person whose job it is to write, test, and maintain computer programs.
>Program design. The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program specifications are expanded into a complete design of the
new program.
>Flowchart. A program design tool that graphically shows step-by-step the actions a computer program will take.
>Wireframe. A visual representation of the overall design and logic of an application.
>Pseudocode. A program design tool that uses English-like statements to outline the logic of a program.
>Unified Modeling Language (UML). A set of standard notations for creating business models; widely used for modeling object-oriented
programs.
>Program coding. The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program code is written using a programming language.
>Coding. The process of writing the programming language statements to create a computer program.
>Program implementation and maintenance. The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program is implemented and then
maintained, as needed, to remain useful.
>Program debugging and testing. The phase of the program development life cycle that ensures a program is correct and works as intended.
>Debugging. The process of ensuring a program is free of errors.
>Program implementation and maintenance. The phase of the program development life cycle in which the program is implemented and then
maintained, as needed, to remain useful.
>Programming language. A set of rules, words, symbols, and codes used to write computer programs.
> Markup language. A type of language that uses symbols or tags to describe what a document should look like.
> Scripting language. A programming language that is interpreted at run-time instead of being compiled.

Information and Communications Technology ICT G10 [Page 12 of 12]