which suffices by Lemma 7.3.

The relevant properties of σ will be

σ(D(x, r)) . r n−1 , (78)

which reflects the n − 1-dimensionality of the sphere, and the bound

|σ̂(ξ)| . (1 + |ξ|)−
n−1
2 (79)

from Corollary 6.6.

Let φ be a C ∞ function with the following properties:
1
supp φ ⊂ {x : ≤ x ≤ 1},
4
X
if |x| ≥ 1 then φ(2−j x) = 1.
j≥0

Such a function may be obtained as follows: let χ be a C ∞ function which is equal to

1 when |x| ≥ 1 and to 0 when |x| ≤ 12 , and let φ(x) = χ(2x) − χ(x).
We now cut up σ̂ as follows:
X
∞
σ̂ = K−∞ + Kj ,
j=0

where
Kj (x) = φ(2−j x)σ̂(x),
X
∞
K−∞ (x) = (1 − φ(2−j x))σ̂.
j=0

Then K−∞ is a C0∞ function, so

kK−∞ ∗ f kq . kf kp

by Young’s inequality, provided q ≥ p. In particular, since q > 2 we may take p = q 0 .

We now consider the terms in the sum. The logic will be that we estimate convolution
with Kj as an operator from L1 to L∞ and from L2 to L2 , and then we use Riesz-Thorin.
We have
kKj k∞ . 2−j 2
n−1

by (79). Using the trivial bound kKj ∗ f k∞ ≤ kKj k∞ kf k1 we conclude our L1 → L∞

bound,
kKj ∗ f k∞ . 2−j 2 kf k1 .
n−1
(80)
On the other hand, we can use (78) to estimate K cj . Namely, let ψ = φ̂. Note also that
σ̂ = σ̌, since σ and therefore σ̂ are invariant under the reflection x → −x. Accordingly,
we have
cj = ψ 2−j ∗ σ,
K

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