End of chapter test

5 Measuring change:
differentiation
Section A. A calculator is not allowed

1 Differentiate the following functions:

2
a f ( x ) = x 3 − 4x 2 − 6 x + 2 b g (x) =
x3

c h (x) = x d (x)
i= x2 + 5

2 a Express lim f ( x ) = 5 in a sentence.

x →2

b Write down the limit of the sequence 0.6, 0.66, 0.666, 0.6666, …

3 Differentiate the following:

5x + 3
a f (x) = b g (x) =
(5x + 1) 2x + 1
x2 + 1

1 2
4 Consider the parabola y= x −x−4
2

dy
a Find .
dx

b Find the equation of the tangent to the curve where x = 6.

c Find the equation of the normal where x = 6 in the form

ax + by = c,  where a,  b and c are positive integers .

5 The velocity, in ms–1, of a train approaching a station is given by v (=

t ) 20 − 4t , where t is the
time in seconds.

a What was the initial speed?

b When will the train be at rest in the station?

c What was its acceleration after 1.5secs?

6 Find the intervals for when the function f ( x ) =x 3 − 12 x − 1 is increasing and decreasing.

Section B. A calculator is allowed

7 The equation parabola is f (=

x ) ax 2 + bx. The gradient of the tangent to the curve at point P
(1,3) is 8. Find the values of a and b.

x +2
8 a Sketch the graph =
of y +3.
x −2

b Write down the equations of any asymptotes.

x +2
c Find lim +3.
x →∞ x −2

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9 Consider the function f ( x ) = 3x 4 − 4 x 3 − 2 .

a Find all turning points, and determine their nature (you should justify your answers).

b Find the coordinates and nature of any inflexion points.

c Sketch the graph of f, with −1 ≤ x ≤ 2  and − 4 ≤ y ≤ 8 labelling a horizontal inflexion A,

minimum point B and a non-horizontal inflexion C.

10 ( x − 1) 10 ( x − 2 ) 20 ( x − 3)
10 The function f ( x ) = has f ′ ( x ) = − and f ′′ ( x ) =
x2 x3 x4

a Find the zeros of f(x).

b Find the coordinates of the local maximum point.

c Find the intervals where f(x) is concave up.

Given f(x) has the x and y axes as asymptotes,

d Sketch the function for x ≥ 0 .

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Answers
1 a f ′ ( x ) = 3x 2 − 8 x − 6 1
u x2 + 5 ⇒ y =
d = u2
2
b g (=
x) = 2 x −3 dy dy du
= ×
x3 dx du dx
6
g′ ( x ) =
−6 x −4  or − dy 1 − 12
x4 = u × 2x
dx 2
1
h (=
x)
1
dy
c x x2 …
= ( )
−
= x x2 + 5   2
dx
1
1 − x
h′ ( x ) = x 2
or
2 2
x +5

2 a The limit of f ( x ) , as x approaches positive 2, is 4.

2
b lim un =
x →∞ 3

3 a f (x) =
5x + 3 b g (x) =
(5x + 1) 2x + 1
x2 + 1
Use the chain rule for v ′ ( x )
u=5x + 3,  v =x 2 + 1
u′ 5, 
= = v ′ 2x Let=
y 2x + 1

vu′ − uv ′ u 2x + 1
=
f ′(x) =
v2 1
y = u2

f ′(x) =
(x 2
)
+ 1 (5 ) − (5 x + 3 ) ( 2 x )
dy dy du
= ×
(x )
2
2
+1 dx du dx

5x 2 + 5 − 10 x 2 + 6 x   dy 1 − 12
f ′(x) = = u ×2
(x ) dx 2
2
2
+1
dy 1
1
(2x + 1) 2  or 
−
−5x 2 + 6 x + 5  =
f ′(x) = dx 2x + 1
(x )
2
2
+1
Using the product rule:

u =(5x + 1)   v = 2 x + 1
1
(2x + 1) 2
−
u′ 5  
= =v′

g′ (=
x ) uv ′ + vu′

5x + 1
g′ ( x=
)   +5 2 x + 1
2x + 1
dy
4 a = x −1
dx
1
(6 ) − 6 − 4= 8. The coordinate is 6,
( 8)
2
b When x= 6, y=
2
When x 6, the gradient is 6
= = −1 5

y − y1= m ( x − x1 )

y − 8= 5 ( x − 6 )

y − 8 = 5x − 30
y 5x − 22
=

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 End of chapter test

1
=c When x 6, the gradient of the normal is −
5
y − y1= m ( x − x1 )

1
y − 8 =−
5
( x − 6)
1 6
y − 8 =− x+
5 5
1 46
y =
− x+
5 5
1 46
x+y =
5 5
x + 5y =
46
5 a Initial speed = 20 – 4(0) = 20 ms–1
b 20 − 4t = 0, 5
t =
At rest after 5 seconds.
c Acceleration = V’(t) = –4ms–2
6 f ( x ) =x 3 − 12 x − 1

f ′ (=
x ) 3x 2 − 12

( x ) 3(x 2 − 4)
f ′=

f ′ ( x ) =3 ( x + 2 ) ( x − 2 )

f ′ ( x ) = 0 when  x = −2, 2

Choosing a value just below −2 such  as − 2.1

f ′ ( −2.1) =3 ( −2.1) − 12 =1.23

2

Choosing a value between −2 and  2 such  as  0 ,

f ′ (0) =
3 ( 0 ) − 12 =
2
−12

Choosing a value just above 2 such  as 2.1

f ′ (2.1) 3 (2.1) −=
2
= 12 1.23

x x ≤ −2 −2 < x < 2 x ≥2
Sign of f’(x) + − +
f(x) increasing decreasing increasing
f ( x ) is increasing when  2
x ≤ − and  2
x ≥

f ( x ) is decreasing when −2 < x < 2

7 Where x = 1 and y = 3, 3 = a + b,
( x ) 2ax + b
f ′=

8 2a + b
=
Solving simultaneously,
a = 5  and  q = −2

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 End of chapter test

8 a

b=
x 2, 4
= y

x +2
c lim +3 =4
x →∞ x −2

9 a f ′ ( x ) = 12 x 3 − 12 x 2 = 12 x 2 ( x − 1)

f ′ ( x ) 0, 
= = x
when  0, 1.

When x = 0
′′ ( x ) 36 x 2 − 24 x  
f=

f ′′ ( 0 ) 36 ( 0 ) − 24 ( 0 ) = 0
2
=

The y value is  f ( 0 ) =3 ( 0 ) − 4 ( 0 ) − 2 =−2 .
4 3

Horizontal inflexion point at ( 0, 2

− )

When x = 1

f ′′ (1) = 36 (1) − 24 (1) = 12

2

The y value is  f (1) =3 (1) − 4 (1) − 2 =−3 .

4 3

Minimum point at (1, –3).

b f ′′ ( x ) = 0  at an inflexion point.

2
f ′′ ( x ) = 36 x 2 − 24 x = 12 x (3x − 2 ) = 0  when  x = 0, 
3
4 3
2 2 2 70
f =3   − 4   − 2 =− or − 2.59 .
3
  3
  3
  27

2 
There is a non-horizontal point of inflexion at  , 2.59  .
3 

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10 a 10 (=
x − 1)   0  when 
= x 1.

b Maximum point where f ′ ( x ) = 0 , –10(x – 2) = 0, x = 2

It is a maximum point when

f ′′ ( x ) < 0
20 (2 − 3) 5
f ′′ (2 ) = = −
24 4
10 (2 − 1)
is f (2 )
The y value= = 2.5 .
22

The local maximum point is (2,2.5) .

c f ( x ) is concave up where f ′′ ( x ) > 0

20 ( x − 3) > 0, 3
x >

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