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49
 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | Mz;lwpf;if - 2019

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50
 nghUshjhu> tpiy kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL> Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs;

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51
 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | Mz;lwpf;if - 2019
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rhk;Rq;> kpw;Rgprp> [p<> vy;[p kw;Wk; gdNrhdpf; Nghd;w njhopyhsH re;ijapd; rthy;fisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;Fj;
cyfpd; Kd;dzp ,yj;jpudpay; tHj;jf ehkq;fspd; jifik tha;e;j kdpj %yjdk; Nghjhky; ,Ug;gJ kw;iwa
ciwtplkhfTk; tpsq;FfpwJ. mt;tDgtq;fspypUe;J ehLfspypUe;J fldhfg; ngwg;gl;l njhopy;El;gq;fspd;
ghlq;fisf; fw;Wf; nfhz;L> ,yq;if ntspehl;L Neub %yk; ngwj;jf;f ed;ikfisAk; ehl;by; nghUj;jkhd
KjyPLfisf; ftHe;J nfhs;tjpYk; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; njhopy;El;gq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjpYk; tiuaiwfis
Ntz;Lk;. ,J cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ntspehl;L Vw;gLj;Jnkd;gjdhy; ,J ehLfs; eLj;ju tUkhd
%yjdq;fisf; ftHe;J nfhs;tJ kl;Lkd;wp njhopy;El;gk; kl;lq;fspy; Njf;fkiltjw;fhd fhuzpfspnyhd;whff;
kw;Wk; epGzj;Jtj;jpidAk; gfpHe;J nfhs;tjid fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jilfis vjpHnfhs;tjw;F
Cf;Ftpf;ff;$ba cw;gj;jpfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; caH NjHr;rpf; fy;tpapy; KjyPLfis Nkw;nfhs;tJk;
ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. ntspehl;L Neub njhopy; re;ijr; rPHjpUj;jq;fSk; mtrpakhditahFk;.
KjyPLfSf;nfjpuhd jilfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; ,yq;ifapd; gl;ljhhpfspd; cs;sikg;gpidg; ghprPyidapy;

54
 nghUshjhu> tpiy kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL> Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs;

tiuglk; rp.F 3.7 juj;jpid Nkk;gLj;JtJ ,yq;iff;Fk; mtrpakhfTs;sJ.

1
tpahghu nra;Jfhl;ly; nra;Aq;fs; Fwpfhl;bfs; - 2019 ,y; ,yq;iff;fhdJ mj;jifa topKiwfspD}lhf ngwj;jf;f njhopw;gilj;
jpuz;l juj;jpd; Nkk;ghLfSk; ehl;by; Njhd;wptUk; Fbj;njhifapay;
fld; KwpTj; jd;ikapid jPHj;jy;
xg;ge;jq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;
rthy;fis vjpHnfhs;tjpy; ed;ikaspf;Fk;.
vy;iyfle;J tHj;jfg;gLj;jy;
Fwpfhl;bfs;

thpfisr; nrYj;Jjy; eLj;ju tUkhdg; nghwp epfo;tjw;F Gj;jhf;fj;jpw;fhd

rpWghd;ik KjyPl;lhsHfisg; ghJfhj;jy; Mw;wypd;ikNa fhuzkhFk; vdg; nghJthf thjplg;gLfpwJ.
nfhLfld;fisg; ngWjy;
nrhj;Jf;fisg; gjpTnra;jy; mNef mgptpUj;jpaile;JtUk; Mrpa ehLfspy;
kpd;tYtpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;
fl;llthf;f chpikg; gj;jpuq;fisf; ifahSjy;
Gyikr; nrhj;Jhpikf;fhf toq;fg;gLk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
tpahghuj;jpidj; njhlq;Fjy; Nkw;Fyf ,izj;jug;gpdHfSld; xg;gpLifapy; kpff;
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 FiwthFk;. ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu jw;NghJs;s
Gs;spfs;
%yk;: cyf tq;fp rl;lq;fSk; xOq;FtpjpfSk; ntspehl;L epWtdq;fspdhy;
epWtg;gl;l Gyikr; nrhj;Jhpikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F
nfhs;Sk; NghJ ngUk;ghyhdtHfs; khdpl tplaq;fspYk; NghJkhditahf ,Uf;fpd;w NghJk; cs;ehl;bYs;s
mofpaw; fw;iffspYk; rpwg;Gg; ngw;wtHfshfNt Gj;jhf;fq;fis fz;Lgpbg;NghUf;Fk; Gj;jhf;fq;fSf;Fkhd
fhzg;gLfpd;wdH. vt;thnwdpDk; eLj;ju tUkhd Gyikr; nrhj;Jhpikfis epWTtjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs;
kl;lq;fspypUe;J caH tUkhd tiff;F khwpr; nrd;w nkJthditahfTk; ePz;l rypg;G+l;Lk; nraw;fpukq;fisf;
rpq;fg;G+H kw;Wk; njd;nfhhpah Nghd;w ehLfs; tpQ;Qhdk; nfhz;ldthfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,J fz;Lgpbg;ghsH
kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;Jld; njhlHghd Jiwfspy; jkJ Kaw;rpfspypUe;J nghUshjhu hPjpahd ed;ikfisg;
gl;lk; ngw;wtHfis caHe;jsT tpfpjj;jpy; cw;gj;jp ngWtjidf; fbdkhf;Ftjd; %yk; Gj;jhf;fq;fis
nra;jpUg;gjdhy; mtw;wpd; Gj;jhf;f ,ayhw;wy; mjpfhpj;Jr; Cf;fk; Fd;wr; nra;fpwJ. vdNt> nfhs;ifg;
nry;fpwJ. caHe;j NjHr;rpiaf; nfhz;l njhopyhsHfisj; gf;fj;jpypUe;J Nehf;Fifapy;> Gyikr; nrhj;Jhpik
Njitg;gLj;Jk; ifj;njhopy;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;F njhlHghd tpopg;GzHtpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mj;jifa
cjtpaspg;gJ rkkhdstpw;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. tpjpfSk; xOq;FtpjpfSk; eilKiwf;fplg;gLtjid
vdNt> mj;jifa gl;ljhhpfSf;fhd Nfs;tp caHthfNt cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; topKiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ
,Uf;fk; vdNt> ,yq;ifapd; gpd;dzpapy; tpQ;Qhdk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mNjNtis> cs;@H fz;Lgpbg;ghsHfs;
kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gtpaYld; njhlHghd Jiwfspd; caH mj;jifa chpikfis cs;ehl;bYk; ntspehl;bYk;
fy;tpf;F Mjutspg;gjd; %yk; epGzHfspd; toq;fypy; epiyehl;Ltjw;Fj; jPtpukhd MjuTk; toq;fg;gLjy;
khj;jpuk; ftdk; nrYj;jhky; mj;jifa epGzHfSf;fhd Ntz;Lk;.
Nfs;tpiaAk; mjpfhpg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. gl;ljhhpfs;
njd;fpof;fhrpahtpd; ntw;wpfukhd fijf;Fhpa ehLfshd
gyH jkJ fy;tpia epiwT nra;J nfhz;likapidj;
rpq;fg;G+hpdJk; njd;nfhhpahtpdJk; mDgtq;fs;
njhlHe;J> ehl;by; ,ytrf; fy;tp Kiwikf;F ghhpa ,iwr;
njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly; kw;Wk; mfyg;gl;il trjp Nghd;w
Rikapid Vw;gLj;jptpl;L Gyk;ngaHe;J nrd;wikapidf;
Kd;Ndw;wk; fz;l cl;fl;likg;gpw;fhd Nkk;gl;l
fle;j mz;ikf;fhy mDgtq;fs; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
mZFKiwfs; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;Fk; tsHr;rpf;Fg;
mj;Jld; jdpahH Jiwapy;> Fwpg;ghf> caHe;j NjHr;rp
gq;fspj;jikf;F cjhuzq;fshfTs;sd. ,J njhlHgpy;
Njitg;gLfpd;w jdpahH Jiwapy; caHe;j $yp kl;lq;fs;
ghuhl;lj;jf;f Kd;Ndw;wq;fis ,yq;if mile;Js;s
fhzg;gLfpd;w NghJk; gy gl;ljhhpfs; caHe;j njhopy;
NghJk;> gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s may; ehLfSld;
ghJfhg;gpidj; NjLk; tpjj;jpy; jdpahH Jiw njhopy;
xg;gpLifapy; mfyg;gl;ilf;fhd caHe;j fhj;jpukhd
tha;g;Gf;fis tpl mur njhopy; tha;g;Gf;fis tpUk;Gk;
nryT kw;Wk; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; jho;e;j ,izaj;js
jd;ik fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhfNt jdpahH
EioT tPjk; (nry;yplj; njhiyNgrp EioT tPjk;
Jiwapy; mj;jifa epGzj;Jtj;jpw;fhd gw;whf;Fiw
xg;gplj;jf;f kl;lq;fspy; fhzg;gl;l NghJk;) Nghd;w
njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. MfNt> nenly;njhky;fh>
Fwpfhl;bfspdhy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;lthW ,yq;if
XgpNuapd; kw;Wk; ];nuhf; (2018) Fwpg;gpLtijg; Nghd;W
,d;dKk; Nkk;ghliltjw;fhd Vuhskhd tha;g;Gf;fisf;
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpw;F khztHfis cs;thq;Ftjid
nfhz;NlapUf;fpwJ. Nghf;Ftuj;J cl;fl;likg;gpidg;
tphpTgLj;Jk; murhq;fj;jpd; Kd;ndLg;gpy; njhopy; re;ijapd;
nghWj;jtiuapYk; $l> ehL nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpYk;
Nfs;tpAld; nghUe;jj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; %d;whe;juf; fy;tpiag;
Giftz;b tiyaikg;gpYk; Vw;gl;l Nkk;ghLfspd;
ngWtjw;fhd trjpfis tphpTgLj;JtJ mtrpakhFk;.
%yk; tPjp tiyaikg;gpy; Vw;gl;l Nkk;ghLfspd; gad;
mNjNeuk;> Muk;g Foe;ijg;guhaj;jpypUe;jhd fy;tpj; juk;
fhuzkhf caHe;j nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f ed;ikfis
njhopyhsH cw;gj;jpj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjw;Fg; gq;fspf;Fk;
milaf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
vd;gjw;F nlyypngw kw;Wk; ntnwa;wh (2019) cl;gl
Ma;Tfspy; fz;lwpagl;l tplaq;fs; rhd;WgfHtJld;> caHtile;j njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ik ehl;by; caHe;jkl;l
fy;tp Kiwikapd; Muk;g kw;Wk; ,uz;lhe;jug; gphpTfspd; ntspaPl;bidAk; cw;gj;jpj;jpwidAk; cUthf;Ftjw;F

55
 ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | Mz;lwpf;if - 2019

topaikj;Jf; nfhLg;gJld; Nkk;gl;l njhopy; tha;gG; ld; NrHe;j epUthfj;jpidAk; ,zq;Ftpg;Gf;fisAk; Nkk;gLj;jpaik

1
caHe;j tUtha;fspD}lhf Njrpa tUkhdKk; tUkhdg; vd;gdtw;wpd; %yk; ,iwj;jpul;rp cghaq;fisg; gpd;gw;wpa
gq;fPLk; mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;. ehl;bd; ed;F mgptpUj;jpaile;j Ntisapy; nrytpdq;fisAk; rpf;fdg;gLj;Jk; cghaq;fisg;
njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ikf; fyhr;rhuj;jpw;F tpahghuj;jpid gpd;gw;wpd. mz;ika thpr; rPHjpUj;j Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; thp
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> KjyPLfisf; ftHtjw;fhd epajpfspy; epUthfj;jpid Nkk;gLj;Jtjid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l
nghUshjhuk; Kd;Ndhf;fp efHtjw;Fk; J}z;Ljyspf;Fk; tplaq;fis cs;slf;fpapUe;jJld; mit ehl;bd; thp
#o;epiy gf;fgykhf tpsq;Fk;. ,jd; %yk; xl;Lnkhj;j Kiwikapid vspikg;gLj;Jk; mNjNtisapy; tpahghu
nghUshjhu eltbf;ifAk; cj;Ntfk; ngWk;. tpahghuk; ek;gpf;ifapid Nkk;gLj;JnkdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
nra;Aq;fs; Rl;nlz; 20205 ,d;gb> tpahghuk; nra;tjid mur nrytpdk; caHthff; fhzg;gl;likapdhy;
,yFgLj;Jtjpy; 190 nghUshjhuq;fspy; ,yq;if 99MtJ ,d;wpaikahj mur KjyPLfis tpl;Lf;nfhLf;fhky;
,lj;jpidg; ngw;W mjd; gpuhe;jpa ehLfis tplj; mur nrytpdj;jpd; nghUj;jkhd fz;fhzpg;Gr;
njhlHe;Jk; fPNoNa fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpah tpahghuk; nrad;KiwAld; ,iwj;jpul;rp topKiwfSld; NrHj;J
nra;Aq;fs; Fwpfhl;bfSf;F Kd;Dhpik toq;Ffpd;w mjd; nrytpdj;jpidr; rpf;fdg;gLj;Jtjd; kPJ murhq;fk;
rPHjpUjj cghaq;fis xOq;FKiwg;gLj;jpajD}lhf mjd; mjpfsT ftdj;jpidr; nrYj;JtJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
epiyapid caHj;jpf; nfhz;lJ. tpal;dhk; Nghd;w ehLfs; tuT nryTj;jpl;lg; gw;whf;Fiw kl;lq;fSk; gLfld;
mtw;wpd; jfty; njhopy;El;gtpay; fl;likg;gpd; thpfisr; kl;lq;fSk; cWjpaw;wnjhU kl;lj;jpy; fhzg;gLtJ
Rygkhf nrYj;jj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; juKaHj;jpf; nfhz;Ls;sd. Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghl;bd;ikf;F toptFj;J
mz;ikapy; ,yq;ifAk; $l> thpfisf; Nfhg;gply;> mjd; %yk; tsHr;rpf;F jlq;fyhf tpsq;Fnkd;gjdhy;
fl;llthf;f mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fisr; nra;Kiwg;gLj;jy; caH tUkhd ehnlhd;W Kd;Ndhf;fp efHtjw;fhd
kw;Wk; tpahghug; gjpT vd;gdtw;wpd; nghUl;L mNjNeuf; Kaw;rpapy; ,t;topKiwfs; Kf;fpakhditahFk;. NkYk;>
fzdptop Kiwfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpajd; %yk; jfty; murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; rPHjpUj;jk; kw;Wk;
njhopy;El;gtpay; cl;fl;likg;gpidj; juKaHj;Jtjw;F kPs;fl;likg;gpd; Kaw;rpfis murhq;fk; tYg;gLj;JtJk;
rpy Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;lJ. ntspehl;L KjyPLfSf;F
mjd; %yk; mtw;wpd; epjpapay; Mw;wy; tha;e;j jd;ikapid
trjpaspj;Jf; ftUk; Nehf;Fld; KjyPl;Lr; rig
mjpfhpg;gJk; kj;jpa murhq;fj;jpd; nrytpdj;jpidf;
fzpdptopapy; tpz;zg;gq;fisr; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jk;
Fiwg;gjw;F cjTtJk; mtrpakhfTs;s mNjNtisapy;
Kiwapid mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,yq;ifapy; tpahghuk;
,iw mYty;fspy; ngUksthd xOq;Ffisj; J}z;lTk;
nra;Aq;fs; Rl;nlz; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; Fiwe;j Gs;spfisf;
Ntz;Lk;.
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wik NkYk; Kd;Ndw;wkiltjw;Fg; NghJkhd
tha;g;Gf;fs; fhzg;gLtjid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. nghUshjhu cWjpg;ghl;bw;F murpay; cWjpg;ghL
,yq;ifapy; fld;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;> xg;ge;jq;fis Kw;Njitg;ghlhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJ gutyhf
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> tHj;jfg; gpzf;FfSf;Fj; jPHT Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. vdpDk;> ePz;l fhyg;
fhz;gjw;fhd Neuj;jpYk; nrytpYk; ftdk; nrYj;Jjy; nghUshjhu ,yf;Ffs; kPjhd murpay; hPjpahd
kw;Wk; epahahjpf;fr; nra;Kiwapd; juk; mNjNghd;W ,zf;fg;ghLfs; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;Fk; tsHr;rpf;F mij
kPl;G tpfpjk; kw;Wk; fld;jPuhw;wYf;fhd rl;lf; tplTk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nghf;Nyh kw;Wk; nrh];Nlhg;
fl;likg;gpid kPstypikg;gLj;jy; Mfpa Jiwfspy; (2011) kw;Wk; Rth (2011) Nghd;wtw;wpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lijg;
NghJkhdstpw;F Kd;Ndw;wkilahj jd;ikapid Nghd;W gpd;yhe;J kw;Wk; rpq;fg;G+H vd;gdtw;wpd;
mtjhdpf;f Kbe;jJ. njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ikahsHfSf;F mDgtq;fs;> ePz;l fhy nghUshjhu Kd;Dhpikfs; kPjhd
tha;g;Gf;fis toq;Ffpd;w tpjj;jpy; gue;j r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu ,zf;fg;ghL gy Mz;Lfspy;
kdg;ghd;ikAld; $ba ePz;l fhyf; nfhs;iffisAk; cWjpahd tsHr;rpf;F toptFf;Fk; vd;gjidf;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fisAk; eilKiwf;fpLtjd; %yk; ehl;bd; fhl;LfpwJ. ,J murpay; hPjpahd Ml;rpfs; khWk;
njhopy;Kaw;rpahz;ikapid tsHf;fpd;w murpd; <Lghl;bD} nghOJ nghUshjhu Kd;Dhpikfs; mbf;fb khWfpd;wik
lhf NkYk; mgptpUj;jpf;fis mila KbAk;. ,yq;iff;F tuyhw;W hPjpahfNt gyaPdkhdnjhU
gy jrhg;jq;fshf ,yq;if ,ul;ilg; gw;whf;Fiw ehlhf tplakhFk;. vdNt> Kd;Ndhf;fpg; ghHf;ifapy;
tpsq;fp gw;whf;Fiwapid epjpapLtjw;fhf cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; rkj;JtkhdJk; ePbj;Jepiyj;jpUf;ff;$baJkhd
ntspehl;Lf; fld;ghLfspd; kPJ jq;fpapUf;fpwJ. ,iw tsHr;rpAld; ehL caH tUkhd kl;lj;jpid Nehf;fp
epiyikapid tYg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;FlDk; mur gLflid Kd;Ndw Ntz;Lkhapd;> ehl;bd; ePz;l fhyg; nghUshjhu
tYthd kl;lnkhd;wpy; NgZk; nghUl;Lk; njhlHe;J ,yf;Ffs; njhlHgpy; xU ,zf;fg;ghl;bw;F tUtjidAk;
te;j murhq;fq;fs; thpj;; jsj;jpid tphpthf;fpaik> thp ,t;tpyf;Ffis miltjw;F epiyahd nfhs;iffis
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Ff; $l;lhd flg;ghnlhd;wpid
5 tpahghuk; nra;Aq;fs; - 2020 cyf tq;fpapd; 17MtJ tUlhe;j Ma;thFk;. ,J
190 ehLfspd; juTfSld; tpahghu xOq;Ftpjpfs; kw;Wk; nrhj;Jhpikg; ghJfhg;G
murpay; mjpfhhpfs; gpd;gw;WtjidAk; ,yq;if kf;fs;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; fzpak;rhH Fwpfhl;bfisg; gpurd;dg;gLj;JfpwJ. 2019 Nk 1,y; cs;sthW mOj;jkhff; NfhUtJ ,d;wpaikahjJ.

56
 nghUshjhu> tpiy kw;Wk; epjpapay; Kiwik cWjpg;ghL> Njhw;wg;ghL kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs;
KbTiu
ek;gpf;ifA+l;Lfpd;w Njhw;wk;ngw;W tUfpd;wJk;
mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUfpd;wJkhd nghUshjhukhfTk;
2009,y; ,lk;ngw;w rkhjhdj;jpd; tpbaYld; \Mrpahtpd;
mjprak;| vdg; gpugy;akhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJkhd ,yq;if>
fle;j gy Mz;Lfshf> mJ fle;J te;j fbdkhd
gazq;fspd; tpisthf Nkhrkhd Nguz;lg; nghUshjhur;
nrayhw;wj;jpw;F> Fwpg;ghf ruhrhpf;Fk; Fiwthd tsHr;rp
kw;Wk; mjpfhpj;JtUk; ntspehl;L kw;Wk; ,iwj; Jiwfspd;
epajpfspy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; jd;ikapidf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
cs;ehl;bd; epr;rakw;w murpay; epiyik> capHj;j
QhapWj; jhf;Fjy;fs; kw;Wk; mbf;fb Vw;gLk; ,aw;if
mdHj;jk; vd;gdtw;wpw;F kj;jpapy; Njrpa nghUshjhuf;
nfhs;iffs; ,y;yhik> Njitahd mikg;gpay;
rPHjpUj;jq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; fhzg;gl;l jhkjk;
kw;Wk; NghJkhd nfhs;if ,ilntspfisf; fl;bnaOg;g
,ayhky; Nghdik vd;gd ,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; tpiuthd
nghUshjhu tsHr;rpiaf; nfhz;l ehL vd;w epiyapid
miltjw;fhd Cf;fj;jpid ,of;fr; nra;Jtpl;ld.
NkYk;> cyfshtpa hPjpapy; fhzg;gl;l epr;rakw;w
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