1|ILM.Irfan Unit-03||Grade-11 learnbyself.

com
gy;Y}lfg; gad;ghL

,yf;fKiw tiuGfs;(Digital graphics)

fzpdp tiutpay; nkd;nghUisg; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w glk; my;yJ cUtkhdJ ,yf;fKiw
tiuGfs; vdg;gLk;.
,yf;fKiw tiugpd; gpujhd $Wfs;:

gl%yk; (Pixel)
ahNjDk; tu;zj;ijAila kpfr; rpwpa Gs;spNa gl%yk; MFk;.
,yf;fKiw tiuG xd;W gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd gl%yq;fisf; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.
,g;gl%yq;fs; epiu kw;Wk; epuypd; mbg;gilapy; xd;Wf;nfhd;W kpf neUf;fkhf xOq;FgLj;Jtjd; %yk;
tiughdJ cUthf;fg;gLk;.
gl%yq;fspd; $l;L gpl;glk;(bitmap) vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.

gl%yk; xd;wpd; tu;zk; kw;Wk; gpl; msT

1bit ,dhy; tif Fwpf;fg;gLk; tu;zj;jpd; msT ,uz;L(0> 1) MFk;
2bits ,dhy; tif Fwpf;fg;gLk; tu;zj;jpd; msT ehd;F(00> 01> 10> 11) MFk;.
Tiugpy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk; tu;zkhdJ gl%yk; xd;wpy; cs;s gpl; msthy; tiuaWf;fg;gLk;. cs;s bits
fspd; vz;zpf;ifapdhy; milahsk; fhzg;gLk;.
,J gpd;tUkhWk; fzpf;fg;gLk; = 2bpp
cjhuzk;: xU ghl%yk; 8bits fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vdpy; mJ 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 X 2
mjpy; cs;s glq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 256 epwq;fshFk;.

1 bpp apy; cs;s tu;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 2

2 bpp apy; cs;s tu;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 4
3 bpp apy; cs;s tu;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 8
10 bpp apy; cs;s tu;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 1024
16 bpp apy; cs;s tu;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 65536
24 bpp apy; cs;s tu;zq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 16777216

gpupjpwd;(Resolution)
,yf;fKiw tiugpd; ngsjPf gupkhzj;jpid mstpLk; myfhf gl%yk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Mjd; ngsjPf gupkhzkhdJ gbk gpupjpwd;(image resolution) vd miof;fg;gLk;.

cjhuzkhf: xU glk; 250 gl%y mfyk; kw;Wk; 175 gl%y ePsj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ vdf; nfhz;lhy; ,jd;
gbk gbjpwd; 250 X 175 gl%yk; my;yJ 45>500 gl%yk; MFk;.

xU ,yf;fKiwg; glj;jpd; jukhdJ xU mq;Fy mstpy; cs;s gl%yk;(pixel per inch- ppi) my;yJ xU
mq;Fy mstpYs;s Gs;spfspd; vz;zpf;ifapdhy(Dots per inch - dpi); Fwpf;fg;gLk;.

tu;zq;fs;
xt;nthU gl%yKk; xt;nthU tu;zj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk;.
tu;z khjpupaq;fisg;(Colour Models) gad;gLj;jp xU ,yf;f Kiw tiuGfs; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

tu;z khjpupaq;fspd; tiffs;.

1. RGB tu;z khjpupak; (RGB Model):
,jpy; %y tu;zq;fshd rptg;G(RED), gr;ir(Green), ePyk;(Blue) vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,J njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; fzpdpj; jpiufspy; gutyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

2. CMYK khjpupak; (CMYK Model)

,jpy; Kjd;ik tu;zq;fshd ,sePsk;(Cyan)> Cjh(Magenta)> kQ;ry;(Yellow)> fWg;G(Black)
vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,J tu;z ikapidg; gad;gLj;jp jhspd; kPJ mr;rpLtjw;fhf ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
2|ILM.Irfan Unit-03||Grade-11 learnbyself.com

%y tu;zq;fs; jdp tu;zq;fs;:

,yf;fKiw juthf;fypy; %ytu;znkhd;wpy; 256 ngWkjpfs; cz;L(0-255)
,U tu;zq;fs; Nru;tjpdhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;w tu;zq;fs; ,uz;lhk; epiy tu;zk;(Secondary Colour)
%d;W tu;zq;fs; Nru;tjpdhy; cUthFtJ %d;whk; epiy tu;zq;fs;(Triple Colours) vd miof;fg;gLk;.

%d;whk; epiy tu;zk;

,t;tu;zq;fs; RGB iag; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gLk; NghJ gpd;tUk; tu;z tPr;Rf;fisf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLk;.
(000> 000> 000 – 255> 255> 255) my;yJ gjpdWk vz;fisf; nfhz;L fhzg;gLk; (AC, 6B, 0B).

tiunghd;wpd; neUf;fk; (Compression of graphic)

tiunghd;wpd; gUkd; mij cUthf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gl%yj;jpd; msT kw;Wk; tu;zq;fspd;
Nru;khdj;jpdhy; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.
mjpf gl%yq;fisAk; tu;zq;fisAk;> cau; gpupjpwidAk;(High Resolution) nfhz;l gbkkhdJ cau;
nfhs;jpwd; nfhz;ljhFk;.
,g;glq;fis Nrkpf;fpd;wNghJ Nrkpg;gf ,lq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tiuG neUf;fk;(Graphic Compression)
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,jd; NghJ Nfhg;;gpd; tifapidg; nghUj;J mt;neUf;fkhf;fg;gl;l Nfhg;gpid kPs
jpwf;fpd;wNghJ mJ gpd;tUk; epiyapy; jpwf;fg;glyhk;

,og;G my;yJ ghjpg;G neUf;fk;(Lossy compression):

,jd; NghJ Nfhg;gpd; nfhs;ssT FiwAk;> ,jdhy; Nfhg;gpd; juk; FiwAk; kPsj; jpwf;Fk; NghJ cz;ikahd
Njhw;wj;ijf; fhl;lhJ.
NkYk; ,f;Nfhg;Gf;fis ,izaj;jpypUe;J tpiuthf gjptpwf;fk; nra;a KbAk;.
,f;Nfhg;G tiffSf;fhd cjhuzk;: JPEG, TIFF

,og;gpy;yhj my;yJ ghjpg;gpy;yhj neUf;fk;(Lossless Compression)

,f;Nfhg;G tiffis neUf;fkhf;Ffpd;wNghJ tiugpd; juj;ij Ngzp neUf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mjid kPs
jpwf;fpd;w NghJ mjd; cz;ikahd Njhw;wk; ghjpg;GwhJ.
,f;Nfhg;G tiffSf;F cjhuzk;: GIF, PNG, RAW

tiugpd; tiffs;
,yf;fKiw tiughdJ gpd;tUkhW ,U tifg;gLk;
1. guty; tiuG(Raster Graphic)
2. newpa tiuG(Vector Graphic)

guty; kw;Wk; newpa tiuGfSf;fpilapyhd NtWghLfs;

 guty; tiuG gy; tu;zq;fisf; nfhz;l gl%y $l;lj;jhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; Mdhy; newpa tiuG Nfj;jpu
fzpj cUf;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk;
 guty; tiugpid neUf;fkhf;Fk; NghJ mjd; juk; Fiwf;fg;gLk;. Mdhy; newpa tiugpy; juk;
khw;wkilahJ.
 ngUg;gpf;ff; $ba tiugpw;F guty; tiuG nghUj;jkw;wJ.
 guty; tiugpd; cUthf;fk; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;Gf;F Fiwe;j epidtf ,lk; NghJkhdJ.
 Guty; tiugpid cUthf;ff; $ba nkd;nghUl;fs; rpy: Adobe Image Ready, Adobe Photoshop, ProArtRage,
Artweaver, Corel PHOTOPAINT, GIMP, Deluxe Paint, GIMP shop, Microsoft Photo Editor
 Newpa tiuGfis cUthf;ff; $ba nkd;nghUl;fs; rpy: Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Live Motion, Corel
Paint Shop Pro, Adobe Fireworks, Microsoft Expression Design, DrawPlus, X ara Photo & Graphic Designer,
CorelDRAW, Litha-Paint
3|ILM.Irfan Unit-03||Grade-11 learnbyself.com

GIMP
,J jpwe;j %y tiugpay; nkd;nghUshFk;. ,jidg; gad;gLj;jp gbkk;nkhd;iw cUthf;f> khw;wpaikf;f>
xspg;glq;fis xUq;fikf;f kw;Wk; nkU$l;l KbAk;.
,jidf; nfhz;L rhjuz kw;Wk; cau; juj;ijAila gbkq;fis cUthf;f KbAk;.
,J xU guty; tiuG nkd;nghUshFk;.
GIMP apy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fUtpfSk; mtw;wpd; gad;fSk;

glTU fUtpapd; ngau; FWQ;rhtp gad;

(ICON)
njupTf; fUtpfs;(Selection Tools)
Njitahd gFjpia nrt;tf my;yJ rJu tbtpy; njupjy;
Rectangle R
Ellipse E Njitahd gFjpia tl;l my;yJ ePs;tl;l tbtpy; njupjy;
Rl;bapd; cjtpAld; gbkj;jpd; Njitahd gFjpia Njitahd
Free(Lasso) F tbtj;jy; njupjy;
Fuzzy(Magic xNu tu;zj;ijAila xd;Wlndhd;W ,izf;fg;gl;l gFjpfisj;
U njhpjy;
Wand)
njupT nra;j tu;zk; gbkj;jpy; vq;F fhzg;gbDk; me;j
By Color Shift+O tu;zj;ijAila gFjpfiisj; njupjy;
njupT nra;a Ntz;ba gFjpiar; Rw;wpj; njupjy;
Scisssord I
gbkj;jpd; Kd;dzpiaj; njupjy;
Foreground

tu;zk; jPl;Lk; fUtpfs;(Brush Tools)

njupT nra;ag;gl;l gFjpf;F tu;zk; my;yJ tbtnkhd;iw ,ly;
Bucket Fill Shift+B
Blend njupTnra;j gFjpf;F tu;zf; fyitia ,ly;
L
(Gradient)
njupT nra;j gFjp;f;F tu;zk; ,ly;> njupT nra;j ngd;rpy;
Pencil N mstpw;Nfw;g NfhL tiujy;
njupT nra;j ngd;rpy; mstpw;Nfw;g NfhL tiujy;> tu;zk; jPl;ly;
Paintbrush P

Eraser Shift+E tiugpYs;s NfhLfis mopj;jy;

tu;zq;fis J}Tjd; %yk; tu;zkply;
Airbrush A
tu;zj; Jupifg; Nghy; tiugpd; kPJ tu;zq;fisj; jPl;Lk;.
Ink K
tiugpy; njupT nra;j gFjpia NtnwhU ,lj;jpy gpujp nra;jy;
Clone C
tiugpNyNa nghUj;jkhd tu;zj;jhy; tu;zk; jPl;Ljy;
Heal H
Perspective Nfhzj;ij khw;wpaTld; Clone Tool Nghy; njhopw;gLk;
H
Clone
Convolve Tiugpid fUikahf my;yJ ntspr;rkhf khw;Wjy;
Shift+U
(Blur/Sharpen)
Tiugpid kw;fyhf;Fk;
Smudge S

Dodge/Burn Shift+D Dodge %yk; tiuig ntspr;rkhdjhfTk; Burn %yk;

fUikahdjhfTk; khw;Wk;
,lkhw;Wk; fUtpfs;(Transform Tools)
Move M njupT nra;j gFjpia mq;Fk; ,q;Fk; efu;j;jy;

Align Q Tiugpid Neu; tupirg;gLj;j cjTk;

Tiugpid Njitf;Nfw;g gupkhzj;ij Fiwj;jy;
Crop Shift+C
njupT nra;j gFjpia my;yJ xU epiuia Njitf;Nfw;g fow;Wjy;
Rotate Shift+T
njupTnra;j gFjpapd; my;yJ xU epiuapd; gupkhzj;ij
Scale Shift+S Njitf;Nfw;g khw;wpaikj;jy;
njupTnra;j gFjpia xU jpirapy; js;Sjy;
Shear Shift+S
4|ILM.Irfan Unit-03||Grade-11 learnbyself.com
njupTnra;j gFjpapd; my;yJ mLf;fpd; ghu;itf; Nfhzj;ij
Perspetive Shift+P Njitf;Nfw;g khw;Wjy;
NtW fUtpfs;(Other Tools)
tbtj;Jld; $ba NfhL tiujy;> Njitf;Nfw;g njupT nra;jYk;>
Path B kw;Wk; khw;wpaikj;jy;
tiugpYs;s ahjhapDk; tu;zk; xd;widj; njupT nra;jy;
Colour Picker O
Magnify Tiugpd; fhl;rpia ngupjhf;Fjy; my;yJ rpwjhf;Fjy;
Z
(Zoom)
ePs msT kw;Wk; Nfhzj;ijf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jy;
Measure Shift+M
ghlq;fis cl;GFj;jy;
Text M