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    Trisha A DV
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    The document provides an overview of influential architects and developments in 20th century modern architecture. Some of the architects highlighted include Le Corbusier, who believed houses should be designed like machines and developed five principles of modern architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright, known for works like Fallingwater and the Johnson Wax Building; and Buckminster Fuller, who created geodesic dome structures and the Dymaxion house. The document also mentions innovations in the 20th century like the curtain wall design and increased use of steel, glass, and reinforced concrete in buildings.

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    The document provides an overview of influential architects and developments in 20th century modern architecture. Some of the architects highlighted include Le Corbusier, who believed houses should be designed like machines and developed five principles of modern architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright, known for works like Fallingwater and the Johnson Wax Building; and Buckminster Fuller, who created geodesic dome structures and the Dymaxion house. The document also mentions innovations in the 20th century like the curtain wall design and increased use of steel, glass, and reinforced concrete in buildings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    1 views10 pages

    References-20th Century

    Uploaded by

    Trisha A DV
    The document provides an overview of influential architects and developments in 20th century modern architecture. Some of the architects highlighted include Le Corbusier, who believed houses should be designed like machines and developed five principles of modern architecture; Frank Lloyd Wright, known for works like Fallingwater and the Johnson Wax Building; and Buckminster Fuller, who created geodesic dome structures and the Dymaxion house. The document also mentions innovations in the 20th century like the curtain wall design and increased use of steel, glass, and reinforced concrete in buildings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    20th C: Modern

    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    The Historical
    Timeline of Architecture

    Egyptian Byzantine

    Pre-Historic Greek Roman Early Christian Romanesque Gothic Renaissance 18th-19th C: 20th C:
    PRE-HISTORIC
    history of architecture

    Revival Modern
    NEAR EAST
    EGYPTIAN
    GREEK
    ROMAN
    EARLY CHRISTIAN Near East
    BYZANTINE
    ROMANESQUE
    GOTHIC
    RENAISSANCE
    18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
    20TH C MODERN

    ISLAMIC
    INDIAN
    CHINESE & JAPANESE
    FILIPINO
    20th C: Modern
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    FAMOUS ARCHITECTS

    Marcel Breuer
    • Architect and designer
    • Best known for the design of tubular steel Wassily Chair
    • Studied at the Bauhaus - become director of the school's
    furniture department in 1924
    • Designed a series of noted structures including
    innovative houses and the Whitney Museum of Art

    UNESCO Secretariat Building, Paris

    PRE-HISTORIC
    history of architecture

    NEAR EAST
    INFLUENCES
    EGYPTIAN Eero Saarinen
    GREEK Works include:
    HISTORY
    ROMAN - Dulles International Airport Building, near Washington
    EARLY CHRISTIAN - The General Motors Technical Center, Warren, Michigan
    More innovations:
    BYZANTINE • Curtain wall
    ROMANESQUE • Steel and plate-glass
    GOTHIC • Folded slab by Eugene Freyssinet
    RENAISSANCE • Flat slab by Robert Maillart
    18TH-19TH C REVIVAL • Laminated timber
    20TH C MODERN
    • Functionalism in design
    ISLAMIC
    INDIAN
    CHINESE & JAPANESE TWA Terminal, JFKennedy Airport
    FILIPINO • Undulating shape was meant to evoke the excitement of
    high speed flight
    • Even interior details: lounges, chairs, signs, and
    telephone booths harmonized with the curving “gull
    winged” shell
    20th C: Modern
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    Oscar Niemeyer Frank Lloyd Wright


    • Worked with city planner Lucio Costa to conceive and
    build Brasilia, Brazil's capital in a record time of just four Johnson Wax Co. Building
    years
    • Functionality and the use of pre-stressed concrete
    dominate his designs
    • Also designed the cathedral, the national theater and the
    presidential palace

    Parliament Building, Brasilia

    Falling Water, Pennsylvania


    PRE-HISTORIC
    history of architecture

    NEAR EAST
    EGYPTIAN Eric Mendelsohn
    GREEK • Dynamic, sculptural quality
    ROMAN
    EARLY CHRISTIAN Einstein Tower, Potsdam
    BYZANTINE
    ROMANESQUE
    GOTHIC
    RENAISSANCE
    18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
    20TH C MODERN

    ISLAMIC
    INDIAN
    CHINESE & JAPANESE
    FILIPINO Also designed:
    - Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, NY
    - Imperial Hotel in Tokyo – he played a decisive role in the
    renewal of Japanese architecture
    20th C: Modern
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    le Corbusier Buckminster Fuller


    • Based in Switzerland and France, he dominated • Created the Dymaxion House, the first “machine for
    European scene for nearly half-a-century living” - a portable home inside from metal alloys and
    • He believed that "the house is a machine to live in" - the plastics
    program for building a house should be set out with the • Designed all necessary mechanical systems and devices
    same precision as that for building a machine in the center of the building, with living spaces around it,
    open to the arrangement tastes of the owner
    Five Points of New Architecture
    1. Framework structurally independent of walls The United States Pavilion at Expo 67, Montreal
    2. Free-standing façade - the free facade, the corollary of
    the free plan in the vertical plane
    3. Roof garden - restoring, the area of ground covered by
    the house Walter Gropius
    4. Open planning - the free plan, achieved through the • Created prototype of modern architecture: free-standing
    separation of the load-bearing columns from the walls glass sheath suspended on a structural framework - aka
    subdividing the space curtain wall
    5. Cube form elevated on stilts or columns - pilotises • First used this on Hallidie Building, San Francisco in
    elevating the mass off the ground 1918
    • Established Bauhaus, a school or training intended to
    relate art and architecture to technology and the practical
    PRE-HISTORIC
    history of architecture

    needs of modern life


    NEAR EAST
    EGYPTIAN
    GREEK
    ROMAN
    EARLY CHRISTIAN
    BYZANTINE
    ROMANESQUE Chapel of Notre Dame, Ronchamp
    GOTHIC
    RENAISSANCE
    18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
    20TH C MODERN

    ISLAMIC
    INDIAN
    CHINESE & JAPANESE
    FILIPINO

    Villa Savoye at Poissy


    • Realization of his 'five points‘ of new architecture
    20th C: Modern
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    Frei Otto FAMOUS WORKS


    • The seminal figure in the development of tensile
    architecture
    • Veered away from the simple geometric solutions and
    built organic free forms that could respond to complex
    planning and structural requirements

    Munich Stadium for 1972 Olympic Games

    Palazzetto dello Sport for 1960 Rome Olympics


    • Designed by Pierre Luigi Nervi and Vitellozzi

    PRE-HISTORIC
    history of architecture

    NEAR EAST
    EGYPTIAN
    GREEK
    ROMAN Other Personalities:
    EARLY CHRISTIAN • Otto Wagner, Austria
    BYZANTINE • Richard Neutra, Austria
    ROMANESQUE • Rudolf Schindler, Austria
    GOTHIC • Peter Behrens, Germany
    RENAISSANCE • August Perret, France
    18TH-19TH C REVIVAL • Hendrik Berlage, The Netherlands
    20TH C MODERN • JJP Oud, The Netherlands
    • Victor Horta, Belgium
    ISLAMIC
    • Charles Rennie Mackintosh, UK
    INDIAN • CFA Voysey, UK
    CHINESE & JAPANESE • Louis Sullivan, USA
    FILIPINO • Adolf Meyer Sports Hall for 1964 Tokyo Olympics
    • Tony Garnier • Designed by Kenzo Tange
    • Max Berg
    • Mies van der Rohe
    20th C: Modern
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    Sydney Opera House


    • Designed by Jorn Utzon of Denmark
    • He won the project in a competition for the design of a
    performing arts complex in Sydney, Australia

    World Trade Center


    PRE-HISTORIC
    history of architecture

    • Originally designed by Minoru Yamasaki


    NEAR EAST • Structural steel framing
    EGYPTIAN • Destroyed by the September 11 terrorist attacks
    GREEK • Redesigned by Daniel Libeskind - 541 m tall
    ROMAN
    EARLY CHRISTIAN
    BYZANTINE
    ROMANESQUE
    GOTHIC
    RENAISSANCE
    18TH-19TH C REVIVAL
    20TH C MODERN

    ISLAMIC
    INDIAN
    CHINESE & JAPANESE
    FILIPINO The Chrysler Building, NY
    • Designed by William van Alen
    • Art Deco style
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    history of architecture
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    history of architecture
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    history of architecture
    Source: http://www.doksi.net

    history of architecture

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