MATH 100

COLLEGE MATHEMATICS

Prepared by:

Engr. Nicholas C. Banal

 MODULAR CONTENTS

PRELIM MODULES: (Module 0-5) PAGE NUMBER

BASIC MATHEMATICS and its APPLICATION
Module 0: Course Introduction 1
Module 1: Whole Numbers 2-5
Module 2: Fractions 6-9
Module 3: Decimals 10-13
Module 4: Ratio and Proportion 14-15
Module 5: Percent 16-19

MIDTERM MODULES: (Module 6-8)

GENERAL STATISTICS with APPLICATION
Module 6: Descriptive Statistics 20-24
Module 7: Data presentation 25-26
Module 8: Probability 27-29

SEMI – FINAL MODULES: (Module 9-10)

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENTS
Module 9: Customary Units of Measurements 30-35
Module 10: The Metric System of Measurements 36-40

FINAL MODULES: (Module 11-12)

INTRODUCTION TO ALGEBRA and GEOMETRY
Module 11: Introduction to Algebra 41-46
Module 12: Introduction to Geometry 47-53
Basic Mathematics and its Applications

PRELIM MODULES (Module 0 – 5)

MODULE 0: COURSE INTRUDUCTION

Learning Objectives:

Knowledge:

• To introduce the subject (Math 100) course description and application.

• To inform about the course syllabus and topic outline.
• To know about the subject course materials and guidelines.
• To know about the classroom netiquette.
• To know about the Online Delivery of Instruction Policies.
• To know about grading system.
• To know about the different activities and submission
• To know about the different applications in the LMS (Classrooms, activities, and other
applications).
Skills:

• To be able to explore and learn how to use LMS.

• Learn how to use the classrooms (ClassIn/Googlemeet/Zoom).
Attitude:

• To be able to follow the guidelines and policies.

• To be able to know how to behave in an online class (synchronous) and offline class
(asynchronous).
• To be able to follow the schedule of the class and teacher’s instructions every activity.

❑ AP#1 (Assignment Prelim # 1)

Answer forum (AP#1) in the LMS once done reading and been informed about the
following: Course Syllabus, Course outline, Classroom netiquettes, Policies, and general format.

Give your honest feedback: remarks/reactions once done reading all the guidelines
in not less than 2 paragraphs and not less than 100 words. You may also include your
comments/suggestions.

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

MODULE 1: WHOLE NUMBERS

Learning Objectives:

Knowledge:

• To identify the order relations between two numbers

• To write whole numbers in words and in standard form.
• To write whole numbers in expanded form.
• To round a whole number to given place value.
• To perform the operation (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of Whole
numbers)
Skills:

• To demonstrate and perform the operation in simple and fast way of solving the
problem with the application.
Attitude:

• To be able to apply the correct and precise way of solving the whole number problems
that can be use in the real world.

Whole number
The whole numbers are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, ….

To identify the order relation between two numbers

Place the correct symbols (<or >) between the two numbers.
Examples:
1. 39 __>_ 24
2. 0 __<_ 51

To write whole numbers in words and in standard form

Examples:
1. Write 25,478,083 in words.
Twenty-five million four hundred seventy-eight thousand eighty-three

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

To write whole numbers in expanded form

Example 1: Write 23,859 in expanded form.
Answer: 20,000+3,000+800+50+9
To round whole numbers to a given place value
Example 1: Round 1972 to the nearest hundred.

Given place value

The Next given place value is 7 which is greater than 5,

then add 1 to the given place value. Also, when 9 added

1972
with 1 will become 10, then add 1 to the thousands place
value.

Answer:

2
2000
To perform the operation

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

Addition:
89+36+98
Write the 3 in
Solution: the ones
2 column. Carry
89 the 2 to the
36 tens column.
98
223

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

Activities:
Perform the following in the LMS.
❑ SWP#1 (Seat Work Prelim # 1)
❑ QP#1 (Quiz Prelim #1)
❑ AP#2 (Assignment Prelim # 2)

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

MODULE 2: FRACTIONS
Learning Objectives:

Knowledge

• To find the least common multiple (LCM)

• To find the greatest common factor (GCF)
• To write a fraction that represents part of a whole
• To write an improper fraction as a mixed number or a whole number, and a mixed
number as an improper fraction
Skills

• To be able to learn and apply the different way of solving LCM and GCF.
• To be able to identify the best way or practice of using the different methods/solutions
of solving LCM and GCF.
• To identify what is rational number.
• To identify and write the equivalent fractions.
• To write fraction in simplest form.
• To perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of fractions.
• To compare fractions.
Attitude

• To be able to perform the correct way of solving fractions.

To apply the manner of comparing and identifying the different fractions from one to the other.

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

ACTIVITIES:
Perform the following activities in the LMS:
❑ AP#3 (Assignment Prelim # 3)
❑ PP (Prelim Project)

MODULE 3: DECIMALS
Learning Objectives:
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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

Knowledge

• To write decimals in standard form and in words.

• To round a decimal to a given place value.
• To perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimals.
• To compare decimals and fractions.
Skills

• To be able to identify decimals in the standard form and in words.

• To be able to solve and perform the operation of decimals (Addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division).
Attitude

• To be able to understand, determine, and apply decimals in the real-world applications.

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

ACTIVITIES:
Perform the following activities in the LMS:
❑ SWP#2 (Seat Work Prelim # 2)
❑ QP#2 (Quiz Prelim # 2)

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

MODULE 4: RATIO AND PROPORTION

Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• To write ratios, rates, and unit rates in simplest form.
• Solve and determine proportions.
Skills

• Learn how to perform solving the unknown variable of the value of ratio and proportion.
• Learn how to use ratio and proportion for basic comparison of quantity like foods,
ingredients, weights, money, and anything that we can apply in our daily life.
Attitude

• To be able to apply and understand the importance of ratio and proportion

• The use of ratio and proportion in our daily life is essential.

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

MODULE 5: PERCENT
Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• To find the amount when the percent and the base are given
• To solve application problem
• To convert fractions, decimals, and Percent.
• Solve percent problems using the basic percent equation.
• Solve percent problems using proportions
Skills

• To be able to perform solving percent problem and applications.

Attitude

• To be able to understand the importance and application of percent in daily life.

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

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Basic Mathematics and its Applications

ACTIVITIES:
Perform the following activities in the LMS:
❑ SWP#3 (Seat Work Prelim # 3)
❑ QP#3 (Quiz Prelim # 3)
Major Exam
❑ Prelim Exam

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General Statistics with Application

MIDTERM MODULES (Module 6-8)

MODULE 6: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• Define Descriptive Statistics.
• To know about the different types of statistical measures.
• Find the different statistical measures of the data.
• Discuss the common summarizing values.
• Discuss the properties of mean, median, and mode.
• Compute the different measure of dispersion.
• To draw a box – and – whiskers plot.
Skills
• Analyze and apply different strategy of solving the problem with the given data.
• Learn how to use excel application in solving statistical measures.

Attitude
• To understand the importance of solving problems and application.

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General Statistics with Application

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General Statistics with Application

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General Statistics with Application

Finding/Solving Mean, Median, and Mode using excel file:

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General Statistics with Application

Activities:
Perform the following activities in the LMS:
❑ AM#1 – Assignment Midterm #1
❑ QM#1 – Quiz Midterm #1

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General Statistics with Application

MODULE 7: DATA PRESENTATION

Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• Learn to present/report data problem using the different types of graphs.
• To discuss the different types of graphs.
• To know the importance of using the different types of graphs.
• Describe the different types of Graphical Presentation of Data.
• Learn to read and interpret the common different types of graphs.
Skills
• To be able solve problems using the different types of graphs.
• To be able to express and learn how to use technology applications in data presentation.
• To be able to learn how to improve your skill/capability of doing teamwork, cooperation, and
leadership.
Attitude
• To be able understand the application of the different types of data presentation.
• To be able to identify the importance of using the different types of graphs for a specific
purpose.
• To be able to interpret and differentiate the different data presentation in a very practical
manner of applications.
• To improve self-esteem.

Activities:
Perform the following activities: (All Seat Work Midterm # 1-5
❑ AM#2 – Assignment Midterm #2
❑ AM#3 – Assignment Midterm #3
❑ MP – Midterm Project
❑ SWM#1 – Perform by group 1 (Pictograph)
❑ SWM#2 – Perform by group 2 (Circle graph)
❑ SWM#3 – Perform by group 3 (Bar graph)
❑ SWM#4 – Perform by group 4 (Broke Line graph)
❑ SWM#5 – Perform by group 5 (Histogram)
❑ QM#2 – Quiz Midterm #2

Explanation:
AM#2 – Assignment Midterm #2: Submit a pdf file of the minutes of the meeting. (10 points)
The teacher will divide the class into 5 groups and assign the following topics.
1.) Pictograph
2.) Circle Graph
3.) Bar Graph
4.) Broken Line Graph
5.) Histogram

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General Statistics with Application

Each group will choose a leader, and the leader will initiate/lead to discuss about your
midterm project.

MP - Midterm Project, is a group project that will be perform by all members including the
leader. There two types of files to be submitted in the project: 1. Recorded Video
presentation, and 2. Project Documentation. The recorded video presentation is a type
of reporting in which is a group pre-recorded presentation. The group recorded video
reporting or presentation will be watch by all students when the teacher is already
uploaded the video and is available already in the LMS under midterm topic/tile in DATA
PRESENTATION lesson application format. Once the recorded video presentations are
available, then the groups may perform their group activity through our group chat.
While the documentation on the other hand, all members including the leader will
submit to the MP or Midterm Project activity. (50% video and 50% documentation)

Project Documentation Contents:

First page – The cover Page (Follow the general format: Only your name in the
cover page, and the title is the topic assigned by group)
Second page – Table of Contents
Third page – Group Information (All members with indicated assignments)
Page number 1 and so on….
• Introduction
• Description
• Definition of terms
• Steps/Procedures (Step by step or procedures how to
do/perform/solve/show the presentation.)
• Sample Problems
• Solutions
• Interpretation/Answer
• Conclusion/Generalization
• References

SWM#1-5 (Seat Work Midterm # 1 to 5).

This a group activity will be performed by group. Each group will be preparing at least or
minimum of 10 points worth of questions/assessment based from their recorded video
presentation. All seat work activities or assessments should be related to the group
presentation in order to encourage the class to watch your group recorded video
presentation or reporting. The group assessment maybe made by any forms or types of
applications or websites such as simple question and answer using word text reply or
word docs, google form, mentimeter.com, quizizz.com, exam.net, etc.

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General Statistics with Application

MODULE 8: PROBABILITY
Learning Objectives:

Knowledge

• To calculate the probability of a simple events

• Learn how to analyze simple probability.

Skills

• To be able determine the probability of simple events

Attitude

• To be able to understand and apply the importance of the probability of simple events.

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General Statistics with Application

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General Statistics with Application

Activities:
Do the activity for the summary assessment of module 6, 7, and 8.
❑ Perform QM#3 (Quiz Midterm # 3)

Major Exam:
❑ ME - (Midterm Exam)

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System of Measurements

SEMI – FINAL MODULES (Module 9-10)

MODULE 9: THE US CUSTOMARY UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS
Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• Convert units in US Customary Units of Measurements of the following:
✓ Length
✓ Mass
✓ Capacity
✓ Energy
• To perform arithmetic operations in US Customary Units of the following:
✓ Length
✓ Mass
✓ Capacity
• To use units of energy in the U. S. Customary System
• To use units of power in the U. S. Customary System
Skills
• To solve application problems
• To be able to memorize/familiarize and learn some techniques on solving problem in
the conversion of units of measurements from one to the other.
Attitude

• To be able to understand the importance of the use of system of measurement in the

real world.
• To be able to know how specific units of measurements used for specific applications.

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System of Measurements

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System of Measurements

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System of Measurements

Activities:
Perform the following activities in the LMS:
❑ SFP (Semi – Fina Project)
❑ ASF#1 (Assignment Semi – Final # 1)
❑ SFSW#1 (Semi – Final Seat Work # 1)
❑ QSF#1 (Quiz Semi – Final # 1)

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System of Measurements

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System of Measurements

Activities:
Do the following activities in the LMS:
❑ ASF#2 (Assignment Semi – Final # 2)
❑ SWSF#2 (Seat Work Semi – Final # 2)
❑ QSF#2 (Quiz Semi – Final # 2)

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System of Measurements

MODULE 10: THE METRIC SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT

Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• Convert units in metric system of the following:
✓ Length
✓ Mass
✓ Capacity
✓ Energy
• To perform arithmetic operations of the following:
✓ Length
✓ Mass
✓ Capacity
• To convert US Customary Unit of measurements to Metric System Unit of
measurements.
• To convert Metric System Unit of measurements to US Customary Units of
Measurements.

Skills
• To solve application problems
• To be able to memorize/familiarize and learn some techniques on solving problem in
the conversion of units of measurements from one to the other.

Attitude

• To be able to understand the importance of the use of system of measurement in the

real world.
• To be able to know how specific units of measurements used for specific applications.

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System of Measurements

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System of Measurements

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System of Measurements

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System of Measurements

Activities:
Do the following activities in the LMS:
❑ ASF#3 (Assignment Semi – Final # 3)
❑ SWSF#3 (Seat Work Semi – Final # 3)
❑ QSF#3 (Quiz Semi – Final # 3)

Major Exam
❑ SFE (Semi – Final Exam)

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Introduction to Algebra

FINAL MODULES (11-12)

MODULE 11: INTRODUCTION TO ALGEBRA
Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• To know about variable expression
• To discuss and determine what is an Equation
• To discuss and determine Linear Equation.

Skills
• To evaluate and simplify variable expression
• To solve problem and graph linear equation with one (1) and two (2) variables.
• To discuss different techniques/methods in solving variable expression.
Attitude

• To be able to understand the importance of the application of variable expression,

equations, and linear equations.

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Introduction to Algebra

Evaluate and simplify variable expression

Example: Evaluate 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑧, 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = −4.
Solution:
= 3[(−2)2] + [(-2)·(3)] - [(-4)]
= 3(4) -6 +4
= 10

Example: Simplify 6xy-8x+5x-9xy

Simplifying variable expression is simply combining like terms/variables.
Solution:

= [6xy+(-9xy)] + [-8x+5x]
= -3xy+(-3x)
= -3xy-3x

EQUATION
An Equation express the equality of two (2) Mathematical expressions. These expressions can
be numerical or variable expressions.
Examples:

• 5+4 = 9
• 5x+4x = 9x
• 5x+2 = 7, when x=1
LINEAR EQUATION
Linear equations are equations that has one or two variables that have an exponent of one (1)
or the degree of exponent is one only.
Examples:

• x=1
• x=5-y
• y+x=2

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Introduction to Algebra

Other forms of equations with one variable:

• x+a=b ex: x-7=2

• ax = b ex: 2x=5
• ax + b = c ex: 5x + 2 = 12
• ax + b = cx + d ex: 2x + 6 = 3x - 1

Three main forms of linear equation:

• Standards form: Ax + By = C
• Slope – intercept form: y = mx + b
• Point slope form: 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

Standard form: Ax + By = C
Example: 2x + 5y = 10
How to graph linear equation?
Solve the coordinates of the line and plot:
o Step 1: Solve for the first coordinate, set x = 0 or any value and solve for y.
o Step 2: Solve for the second coordinate, set y = 0 or any value except the same
value with step 1 solved.
o Step 3: Draw a cartesian plane, label your x and y variables with the number line
or scale.
o Step 4: Plot the 1st and 2nd coordinates and connect to form a straight line.
Graph the equation 2x + 5y = 10.
Step 1: Step 3 and 4:
When x = 0. Substitute the value of x to the
equation 2(0) + 5y = 10, then y = 2. The first
coordinate is (0,2).

Step 2:

When y = 0. Substitute the value of y to the

equation 2x + 5(0) = 10, then x = 5. The 2nd
coordinate is (5,0).

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Introduction to Algebra

Slope – intercept form: y = mx + b

The m stands for the slope of the line and b stands for the y-intercept of the line. Usually, we'll
be given some information, and we to have find m and b in order to plug them and get the
equation of the line.
Example: y = 2x + 1

Point slope form: 𝒚 − 𝒚𝟏 = 𝒎(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟏 )

Point slope form is used to represent a straight line using its slope and a point on the line.
Where, (x, y) is a random point on the line and m is the slope of the line.

How to Solve Point Slope Form?

To solve point slope form for a given straight line for finding the equation of the given line, we
can follow the steps given below,
✓ Step 1: Note down the slope, 'm' of the straight line, and the coordinates (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) of the
given point that lies on the line.
✓ Step 2: Substitute the given values in the point slope formula.

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Introduction to Algebra

✓ Step 3: Simplify to obtain the equation of the line in standard form.

Example: What is the standard form of the equation for the given slope, m = 2 and the
coordinates of (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒚𝟏 ) is (0,1)?
Step1: m = 2 and (0,1)
Step2: 𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟐(𝒙 − 𝟎)
Step3: y= 𝟐𝒙+1

Activities:
Do the following activities:
❑ FP (Final Project)
❑ AF#1 (Assignment Final # 1) – This activity will be set before discussing module 11.
❑ AF#2 (Assignment Final # 2) – This activity will be set after the module 11 discussion.
❑ SWF#1 (Seat Work Final # 1) – An assessment/practice after discussion.
❑ QF#1 (Quiz Final # 1) – An assessment/exam for module 11.
❑ AF#3 (Assignment Final #3) – This activity will be set before the module 12 discussion.

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Introduction to Geometry

MODULE 12: INTRODUCTION TO GEOMETRY

Learning Objectives:

Knowledge
• To define and describe angles and line.
• To define and describe geometric figures.
• To name a polygon and determine the angles and the sides.
Skills
• To solve problems involving angles form by intersecting lines.
• To solve perimeter and area of a polygon and application.
• To solve and determine the number of sides, interior, and exterior angle.

Attitude

• To be able to realize the importance of the application of geometry in the real world.
• To be able to apply real application problem such as simple interior design,
measurements, and analysis in our home.

INTRODUCTION TO GEOMETRY

➢ Angles
➢ Line
➢ Geometric figures

Definition of Terms
• The word geometry comes from the Greek word for “earth” (geo) and “measure”
(metron).
• The original purposed of geometry is to measure land.
• Today geometry is used in many sciences, such as physics, chemistry, and geology, and
in applied fields such as mechanical drawing and astronomy.
• Geometric form is used in art and design.
• Two geometric concepts are plane and space.

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Introduction to Geometry

• A plane is a flat surface, such as table-top or a blackboard. Figures that can lie totally in
a plane are called plane figures.
• Space extends in all directions. Objects in space, such as trees, ice cubes, and doors, are
called solids.
• A line extends indefinitely in two directions in a plane. A line has no width.
• A line segment is a part of a line and has two end points.
• Parallel lines never meet; the distance between them is always the same.
• Intersecting lines cross at a point in the plane.
• Perpendicular lines are intersecting lines that form right angles.
• Transversal lines transversal is a line that passes through two lines in the same plane at
two distinct points.
• Collinear is a set of points with his property of their lying on a single line.
• A ray starts at a point and extends indefinitely in one direction.
• An angle is formed when two rays start from the same point. The common end point of
the two rays is called the vertex.
• A 90° angle is called right angle.
• Complementary angles are two angles whose sum is 90°.
• A 180° angle is called straight angle.
• Supplementary angles are two angles whose sum is 180°.
• An acute angle is an angle whose measure is between 0° to 90°.
• An obtuse angle is an angle whose measure is between 90° to 180°.
• Reflex angle is an angle more than 180° but less than 360°.
• Full angle is an angle that measures exactly 360°.

Activity:
❑ SWF#2 (Seat Work Final #2 – Definitions of terms)

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Introduction to Geometry

Problem solving involving lines and angles

Line example:
Given that MN = 15, NO = 18, and MP = 48, find the length of OP.

M N O P

Solution:

MP = MN + NO + OP

48 = 15 + 18 + OP
48-15-18 = OP
OP = 48-15-18

OP = 15

Angle example:
Find the complement of a 32° angle.
Solution:
Let be x the complement of 32°.
x +32° = 90°
x = 90°-32°
x = 58°

Problem solving involving geometric plane figures

Perimeter – is the sum of all sides/lengths of any plane figure.

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Introduction to Geometry

Example:
Find side x and solve the perimeter of an irregular polygon below.

Solutions:

Activity:
❑ QF#2 (Quiz Final # 2 – basic problem solving of identification for Intro to Algebra)

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Introduction to Geometry

NAME OF POLYGONS

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Introduction to Geometry

Interior Angles of a Polygon

Formula:
𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝐈𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒓 𝑨𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° −
𝐬

Solve the Interior Angle

Example: Find the interior angle of Enneacontagon.
Solution:
360°
I𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = 180° − = 176°
90

Solve and name a polygon

Example: A polygon that has an interior 172.8°.
360°
= (180° − I𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)
𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛

360° 360° 360°

(180°−I𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒)
= 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 ; = 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 ; 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑦𝑔𝑜𝑛 = = 50
(180°−172.8°) 7.2°

➢ Pentacontagon

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Activities:
Do the following activities.
❑ SWF#3 (Seat Work Final # 3 – assessment/practice for intro to geometry)
❑ QF#3 (Quiz Final # 3 – Summative test for Chapter 11 and 12)

Major Exam
❑ Final Exam

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