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FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing Capability Of Doctors

In Palembang

Nining Ariati1, Dana Indra Sensuse2, Putu Wuri Handayani3

1
Universitas Indo Global Mandiri, Palembang, INDONESIA
2,3
Universitas Indonesia, Palembang, INDONESIA

E-Mail : nining@uigm.ac.id

Abstract. The need for fast and accurate information about medical practices continues to
increase, demanding doctors and hospitals be involved in the knowledge sharing process. This
study analyzes the factors that influence the use of ICT (smartphone technology) by doctors and
how ICT factors, individuals, and organizations influence the knowledge sharing capability of
doctors. Data analysis was conducted on 120 doctors from three hospitals in Palembang City.
The results of data processing performed indicate a positive influence of usefulness on ICT use;
enjoyment helping other, trust, reward system, top management support and ICT use towards
knowledge sharing capability.

1. Introduction
The need of information and knowledge requires doctors to continue to make changes and innovations
related to medical information and knowledge so that they can be used by many doctors in medical
activities [1]. The involvement of doctors and hospitals to share experiences, expertise and knowledge
with colleagues is very important in the knowledge sharing process [2,3]. Previous studies focused on
factors that influence employee knowledge sharing capability in various countries involving individual
factors, organizations and information technology [3–6]. However, not many researchers have focused
on the use of smartphone technology in hospitals to support the knowledge sharing capability of doctors
[7]. The purpose of this paper is to build a research model to identify factors that can influence the use
of smartphone technology and the knowledge sharing capability of doctors. Based on a survey of 120
doctors from three hospitals in Palembang, this study provides a theoretical basis that can be used to
analyze the relationship between the use of smartphone technology, individuals and organizations on
the doctor's knowledge sharing capability. Based on a managerial perspective, this research is expected
to increase understanding, collaboration and become the basis for the development of mobile and
helpdesk applications that support the doctor's knowledge sharing activities.

2. Analysis Model and Hypothesis

Chatterjee et. al. identify success factors that affect mobile work in health organizations and provide a
foundation for research on healthcare mobile [8]. Mohammadi tries to implement an integrated model
between Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and IS Success Model which is expected to give
different results about the behavior patterns of e-learning users [9]. Testing of individual, organizational
and technological factors on the knowledge sharing process conducted by Lin, concludes that individual
and organizational factors have a positive and significant effect on the knowledge sharing process [4],
besides Ismail and Yusof provides a basis for empirical testing that can be used to test individual,
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FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

organizational and technological factors that can influence knowledge sharing activities [5] and how
Kim & Lee's research describes the relationship between culture, structure and IT in the organization of
employee knowledge sharing capabilities (KSC), so that it can serve as a starting point for research
projects involving employees in the public sector [3].
All variables that have a positive and significant effect from several previous studies [3–5] are proposed
as new models related to factors that influence knowledge sharing capability of doctors through
individual, organizational and ICT factors as the main factors influencing knowledge sharing capability
of doctors use the TAM and Delone & McLean IS success model [8,9] to see how the use of smartphone
technology as a factor of knowledge sharing capability of doctors in order to improve service quality
and reduce potential medical errors for doctors through certain online communities or groups formed by
doctors from application features provided by smartphones such as BBM, Line, e-mail and others in
accordance with the doctor’s code of ethics. This reaserch aims to identify factors that may affect the
use of smartphone technology by doctors and factors that may affect the knowledge sharing capability
of the doctors. Figure 1 shows the proposed model.

Figure 1 research model

The sevice quality factor illustrates how doctors in Palembang feel that good and fast service will make
them interested and give a positive attitude to using smartphone technology, the system quality of
smartphone technology that dependable and safe, and the desire for complete, accurate, up-to-date
information and knowledge according to the needs of doctors will foster desire and gave a positive
response from doctors in Palembang to use smartphone technology in communicating between doctors
inside organization [8,9]. The following hypothesis thus is proposed:

H1 : Service Quality (SEQ) has a positive effect on ICT Use (ICTU)

H2 : System Quality (SYQ) has a positive effect on ICT Use (ICTU)
H3 : Infomation Quality (INQ) has a positive effect on ICT Use (ICTU)

The use of smartphone technology in improving knowledge, efficiency, effectiveness, time saving and
doctor's performance in Palembang will provide a high level of desire in use smartphone technology
[9,11]. The following hypothesis thus is proposed:

H4 : ICTU has a positive effect on ICT Use (ICTU)

Information and communication technology use (ICTU) facilitates communication between doctors in
seeking knowledge through various application features provided by smartphone technology [3,4]. The
following hypothesis thus is proposed:

H5 : Usefulness (USF) has a positive effect on Knowledge Sharing Capability (KSC)

2
FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

Comfort and feeling of pleasure in helping fellow doctors havemotivating doctors in Palembang to
spread knowledge, experience and their expertise [4,10]. Social networks are social interactions that
occur between doctors in Palembang in order to create and exchange knowledge between them to
support knowledge sharing activities in hospital organizations [4,11]. The doctor's trust in their
colleagues will raises the desire in a doctor to cooperate and share knowledge with fellow doctors [3,12].
The following hypothesis thus is proposed:

H6 : Enjoyment in helping other (ENJ) has a positive effect on KSC

H7 : Social Network (SN) has a positive effect on KSC
H8 : Trust (TR) has a positive effect on KSC

Doctors believe that they are will receive rewards from hospital organizations through knowledge they
offer, they will give a positive response inside increase knowledge sharing activities [3,11] and the
hospital support for doctors will foster an atmosphere of knowledge sharing between doctors who will
improvetheir knowledge and expertise [4,12]. The following hypothesis thus is proposed:

H9 : Reward (RW) has a positive effect on KSC

H10 : Top Management Support (TMS) has a positive effect on KSC

3. Methods
3.1 Sample and data collection
In this study, researchers distributed questionnaires to 200 physician respondents from three hospitals in
Palembang but only 120 questionnaires were returned.
Table 1 Hospital Respondent
No Name Total
1 RS. Dr. Mohammad Hoesin 68
2 RSI Siti Khadijah 40
3 RS Khusus Mata Masyarakat 12
Total 120

All constructs were measured using multiple items. All items were measured using a five-point Likert-
type scale(ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree).

3.2 Evaluate the measurement model

Evaluation of the measurement model is done to assess the validity and reliability of the model, by
measuring three things, namely convergent validity, discrimination validity, and reliability.
Measurement results show that all instruments used in measuring the construct are accurate, consistent
and precise because all instruments have AVE and communality>0.50 and cronbachs alpha coefficient
and composite reliability>0.70.

3.3 Structural Model Evaluation

Evaluation of structural models aims to test the significance of knowing the effects of variables.
According to Latan & Ghozali, structural model evaluation can be done by looking at R-Square (R2)
and effect size (f2) [13].
Table 2 R-Square (R2)
R Square
ICTU 0.398458 Strength
KSC 0.573903 Strength

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FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

All existing constructs were measured by looking at the value of t-value. The level of significance to be
used in this study is 5% (α = 0.05), so the t-value used as the standard is> 1,658 (one tail). If the resulting
t-value is> 1,658, then the constructor indicator is valid.

Table 3 Hypothesis measurement

T Statistics
Hipotesis Variabel Result
(|O/STERR|)
H1 SEQ -> ICTU 0.065353 Not Supported
H2 SYQ -> ICTU 0.03089 Not Supported
H3 INQ -> ICTU 0.79501 Not Supported
H4 USF -> ICTU 3.579699 Supported
H5 ICTU -> KSC 3.87845 Supported
T Statistics
Hipotesis Variabel Kesimpulan
(|O/STERR|)
H6 ENJ -> KSC 3.453635 Supported
H7 SN -> KSC 1.474434 Not Supported
H8 TR -> KSC 1.802711 Supported
H9 RW -> KSC 1.982336 Supported
H10 TMS -> KSC 2.235385 Supported

This test is done for the overall fit model prediction. This test uses the Goodness of Fit or GoF index
criteria. Based on GoF index model calculations, the value is 0.591780096, which means that the model
is included in the Large Fit Model.

4. Discussion
Based on the ten factors proposed as influencing factorsdoctor's knowledge sharing capability (KSC),
only six factors proved to be influential including usefulness, ICT use, enjoyment helping other, trust,
reward and top management support. The result show no significant relationship between SEQ, SYQ,
INQ and ICT Use, and between SN and KSC but have a positive significant relationship between USF
and ICT Use, between ICTU, ENJ, TR, RW, TMS and KSC.
The results indicate that if the doctor wants to improve their knowledge, abilities and expertise due to
knowledge and minimal work experience, hospital can support the provision of smartphone technology
in activities knowledge sharing among doctors so they can have knowledge, better experience and
expertise with smartphone technology.
The management can make improvements to improve the doctor's knowledge sharing capability by
giving more attention to improving the ability and willingness of doctors to carry out knowledge sharing
activities by providing smartphone technology facilities that are supported by good networks and
providers, enriching the experience of doctors by participating in various good activities inside or outside
the organization about medical practice to increase knowledge, expertise and reduce the potential for
medical errors for doctors, especially for young doctors with new work experience, to provide a deeper
understanding of the importance of knowledge sharing activities to doctors,creating a culture of
collaboration between doctors through knowledge sharing activities to solve every problem related to
medical practice and provide appropriate ICT infrastructure to build a knowledge sharing capability
model that can accommodate the results of this research through various features.

5. Conclusion
The emergence of trust and openness among doctors about the ability and expertise of fellow physicians
in the form of cooperation to address any issues that arise will motivate a physician to assist fellow
physicians in enriching knowledge and skills related to their work through knowledge sharing activities.
Various forms of incentives and rewards provided by the organization, when a
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FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

physician creates new knowledge, shares knowledge and helps other divisions within the organization,
as well as top management support in creating a climate that promotes positive knowledge sharing
culture in the organization, will inevitably support knowledge sharing activities within the organization
hospital. This research is expected to be the basis of developing an effective knowledge sharing model
for doctors in the hospital and as a reference for knowledge sharing system (KSS) for hospital
organizations that can be accessed through various information and communication technologies (ICT).
Further research requires the addition of a larger number of research samples (respondents) with a larger
area of research respondents, not only in Palembang. The research sample is expected to involve not
only physicians in hospitals related to the place of research but also involving doctors from other
hospitals to obtain empirical testing results and better data generalization.

References
[1] Alhalhouli Z T, Zainuddin and Der C S 2014 Factors Affecting Knowledge Sharing Behavior
among Stakeholders in Jordanian Hospitals Using Social Networks Int. J. Comput. Inf. Technol.
03 919–28
[2] Andrawina L and Govindaraju R 2009 Knowledge Sharing Capability , Absorptive Capacity , and
Innovation : An Empirical Study of Indonesia ’ s Information and Communication Technology
Industries J. ICT 8 303–9
[3] Kim S and Lee H 2005 Employee Knowledge Sharing Capabilities in Public & Private
Organizations : Does Organizational Context Matter ? IEEE 00 1–10
[4] Lin H-F 2007 Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study Int. J.
Manpow. 28 315–32
[5] Ismail M B and Yusof Z M 2008 FACTORS AFFECTING KNOWLEDGE SHARING Mohd
Bakhari Ismail a and Zawiyah Mohammad Yusof b Knowl. Manag. Int. Conf. 165–71
[6] Noor N and Salim J 2011 Factors Influencing Employee Knowledge Sharing Capabilities in
Electronic Government Agencies in Malaysia Int. J. Comput. Sci. Issues 8 106–14
[7] Sandhawalia B and Dalcher D 2008 Knowledge Management Capability Framework Springer 270
165–80
[8] Chatterjee S and et. al 2009 Examining the success factors for mobile work in healthcare: A
deductive study Decis. Support Syst. 46 620–33
[9] Mohammadi H 2015 Factors affecting the e-learning outcomes: An integration of TAM and IS
success model Telemat. Informatics 32 701–19
[10] Masa’deh R 2013 An Empirical Study of Antecedents and Outcomes of Knowledge Sharing
Capability in Jordanian Telecommunication Firms: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Life
Sci. J. 10 2284–96
[11] Yang C and Chen L-C 2007 Can organizational knowledge capabilities affect knowledge sharing
behavior? J. Inf. Sci. 33 95–109
[12] Lee H S and Hong S A 2014 Factors affecting hospital employees’ knowledge sharing intention
and behavior, and innovation behavior. ELSEVIER 5 148–55
[13] Latan H and Ghozali I 2012 Konsep, Teknik Dan Aplikasi SmartPLS 2.0M3 (Badan Penertbit
Universitas Diponegoro)

Appendix

Constructs Indicators/Items
Service Smartphone technology provides the right help and explanation online
Quality The service center has enough professional knowledge about smartphone technology
(SEQ) The service center responded cooperatively through various channels when I got a
technical problem and needed a quick response
The service center can quickly fix my technical problems

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FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

System Smartphone technology has a satisfying appearance

Quality Smartphone technology optimizes response time
(SYQ) Smartphone technology is user friendly
Smartphone technology provides interactive features between users and systems
Smartphone technology has a structured design
Smartphone technology has flexible features
Smartphone technology has interesting features
Reliable smartphone technology
Smartphone technology is safe
Information Smartphone technology provides relevant information and knowledge my work
Quality (medical practice)
(INQ) Smartphone technology provides complete information and knowledge
Smartphone technology provides accurate information and knowledge
Smartphone technology provides up to date information and knowledge
Smartphone technology provides information and knowledge in an organized manner
Smartphone technology provides information and knowledge needed for my work
(medical practice)
Usefulness Smartphone technology improves my work efficiency
(UNF) Smartphone technology increases my work effectiveness
Smartphone technology helps to save time
Smartphone technology helps to save costs

Smartphone technology improves my performance

Smartphone technology increases my knowledge
Smartphone technology is useful in my work
Enjoyment I like to share my knowledge with colleagues about medical practice
Helping I enjoy helping colleagues by sharing my knowledge about medical practice
Others (ENJ) It feels good to help someone by sharing my knowledge about medical practice
Sharing my knowledge about medical practice with colleagues is fun
Trust (TR) I believe in the skills and knowledge of my coworkers about medical practice.
I believe in the expertise of my coworkers about medical practice.
If I am in trouble at work, I know my co-worker will try help me get out of trouble. I
am not trying to cheat coworkers about the knowledge that I am sharing for my own
benefit
Social I maintain social relations with several members in the community / medical practice
Network group
(SN) I intensively exchanged ideas with several members in the community / medical
practice group.
I know several members in the community / group of medical practices more
personally.
I often communicate with several members in the community / medical practice
group
Top Top managers believe that the activity of sharing knowledge with colleagues about
Management medical practice is very important
Support Top managers support and encourage employees to share their knowledge about
(TMS) medical practices with coworkers
Top managers provide most of the assistance and resources needed to support
knowledge sharing activities
Top managers are interested in seeing that employees are happy to share their
knowledge with colleagues

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FIRST 2019 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1500 (2020) 012092 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012092

Reward Knowledge Sharing must be rewarded with a higher salary.

(RW) Knowledge Sharing must be rewarded with a higher bonus.
Knowledge Sharing must be rewarded with promotion.
Knowledge Sharing must be rewarded with increased job security
ICT Use (ICT) I use smartphone technology to find new knowledge about medical practice
I use smartphone technology to take existing knowledge about medical practice
I use smartphone technology to take new knowledge about medical practice
I use smartphone technology to store knowledge about existing medical practices I
use smartphone technology to work with fellow coworkers in sharing knowledge
about medical practice knowledge
I use smartphone technology to share knowledge with fellow colleagues about
medical practice
I use smartphone technology to communicate with fellow colleagues about
knowledge of medical practice
Knowledge I use smartphone technology to communicate with fellow colleagues about
Sharing knowledge of medical practice
Capability I voluntarily participated in sharing what I knew, information, and knowledge about
(KSC) knowledge of medical practice with fellow co-workers when they asked about it I
voluntarily share knowledge based on my work experience with fellow co-workers
I voluntarily share my expertise based on education and training with fellow co-
workers
I work together or communicate with fellow colleagues in teams or groups to share
information and knowledge.
I can freely access documents, information, and knowledge shared by sharing
resources about medical practice knowledge