NST 016: National Service Training Program

Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

Name of Student:____________________________________ Section:____________________________

Lesson Title: HIV and AIDS Awareness Materials:
Learning Targets:
Modules and pen. Art materials
At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
References:
1. Determine the causes and transmission of HIV and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
AIDS
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/index.html
2. Identify the different methods of prevention for HIV and World Health Organization
AIDS
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-
sheets/detail/hiv-aids
3. Explain how a person can be tested for HIV and the
treatment methods.

A. CONNECT
Hello and good day CASangga!

It is definitely a great day to start learning and be immersed further with our NSTP 2 topics. Here’s a
productivity tip for you to consider:

Set a Timetable / Develop Your Own Productivity Routine

- For any student who has a myriad of things to do daily, scheduling and prioritization skills are
indispensable.
So, I hope, even with tons of activities and requirements to do, you still get to take breaks because you have
prioritized your activities thoroughly.

Now for today, our topic is all about HIV and AIDS awareness. Kindly read the lesson overview and answer the
question that follows:

The Philippines has the fastest-growing HIV epidemic in Asia and the Pacific. HIV prevalence in the Philippines
climbed by 207 percent between 2010 and 2019, according to UNAIDS data. AIDS-related mortality increased
by 338 percent during that time. In the Philippines, an estimated 97,000 people were living with HIV in 2019. Of
those, 73 percent were aware of their HIV status, and 44 percent were on antiretroviral therapy.

Despite these figures indicating progress, the Philippines remains well short of UNAIDS' 90-90-90 target. The
program's goal was to ensure that 90% of people living with HIV knew their HIV status by 2020, in order to stop
the epidemic. It also aimed to provide antiretroviral medication to 90% of patients with HIV and to generate
viral suppression in the remaining 10%. Unfortunately, the world is not on track to meet these goals, and new
targets are being developed for 2025.

For a start, reflect and briefly answer the questions below:

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Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

What is your primary understanding of HIV and AIDS?

HIV is a virus that causes immunodeficiency and can lead to AIDS. It mainly attacks
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and weakens the immune system of a person. It is transmissible by a direct contact.
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HIV infection has no cure but controllable through a treatment.
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B. COACH (Do and Think)

Let us proceed. Don’t forget to take your time to read and understand all the important information you need to
know. Also, please highlight salient points/information to help you remember.

Main Lesson

What is HIV?

- The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that targets the immune system of the body. HIV
can develop to AIDS if it is not treated (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
- The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets the immune system and weakens people's defense
against many infections and some types of cancer that people with healthy immune systems can fight
off. As the virus destroys and impairs the function of immune cells, infected individuals gradually
become immunodeficient. Immune function is typically measured by CD4 cell count.
Signs and Symptoms

Some people have flu-like symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks after infection (called acute HIV infection). These
symptoms may last for a few days or several weeks. Possible symptoms include:

- Fever
- Chills
- Rash
- Night sweats
- Muscle aches

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Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

- Sore throat
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes, and
- Mouth ulcers
But some people may not feel sick during acute HIV infection. These symptoms don’t mean you have HIV.
Other illnesses can cause these same symptoms.

Transmission

- You can get HIV if you have sexual contact with someone who has HIV without using protection (like
condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV).
- HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
- You are at high risk for getting HIV if you share needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment (for
example, cookers) with someone who has HIV. Never share needles or other equipment to inject drugs,
hormones, steroids, or silicone.
Risk Factors

Behaviors and conditions that put individuals at greater risk of contracting HIV include:

- having unprotected anal or vaginal sex

- having another sexually transmitted infection (STI) such as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea and
bacterial vaginosis
- sharing contaminated needles, syringes and other injecting equipment and drug solutions when
injecting drugs
- receiving unsafe injections, blood transfusions and tissue transplantation, and medical procedures that
involve unsterile cutting or piercing; and
- experiencing accidental needle stick injuries, including among health workers
Progression of Infection

Without treatment, HIV infection advances in stages, getting worse over time. HIV gradually destroys the
immune system and eventually causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

There are three stages of HIV infection:

1. Acute HIV Infection

Acute HIV infection is the earliest stage of HIV infection, and it generally develops within 2 to 4 weeks after
infection with HIV. During this time, some people have flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headache, and rash.
In the acute stage of infection, HIV multiplies rapidly and spreads throughout the body. The virus attacks and
destroys the infection fighting CD4 cells (CD4 T lymphocyte) of the immune system. During the acute HIV

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Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

infection stage, the level of HIV in the blood is very high, which greatly increases the risk of HIV transmission.
A person may experience significant health benefits if they start ART during this stage.

2. Chronic HIV Infection

The second stage of HIV infection is chronic HIV infection (also called asymptomatic HIV infection or clinical
latency). During this stage, HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels. People with chronic HIV
infection may not have any HIV-related symptoms. Without ART, chronic HIV infection usually advances to
AIDS in 10 years or longer, though in some people it may advance faster. People who are taking ART may be
in this stage for several decades. While it is still possible to transmit HIV to others during this stage, people
who take ART exactly as prescribed and maintain an undetectable viral load have effectively no risk of
transmitting HIV to an HIV-negative partner through sex.

3. AIDS

AIDS is the final, most severe stage of HIV infection. Because HIV has severely damaged the immune system,
the body cannot fight off opportunistic infections. (Opportunistic infections are infections and infection-related
cancers that occur more frequently or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in
people with healthy immune systems.) People with HIV are diagnosed with AIDS if they have a CD4 count of
less than 200 cells/mm3 or if they have certain opportunistic infections. Once a person is diagnosed with AIDS,
they can have a high viral load and are able to transmit HIV to others very easily. Without treatment, people
with AIDS typically survive about 3 years.

Prevention

Anyone can get HIV, but you can take steps to protect yourself from HIV.

- Get tested for HIV. Talk to your partner about HIV testing and get tested before you have sex.
- Choose less risky sexual behaviors. HIV is mainly spread by having anal or vaginal sex without a
condom or without taking medicines to prevent or treat HIV.
- Use condoms every time you have sex.

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 NST 016: National Service Training Program
Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

- Limit your number of sexual partners. The more partners you have, the more likely you are to have a
partner with poorly controlled HIV or to have a partner with a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Both
factors can increase the risk of HIV.
- Get tested and treated for STDs. Insist that your partners get tested and treated, too. Having an STD
can increase your risk of getting HIV or spreading it to others.
- Talk to your health care provider about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). PrEP is an HIV prevention
option for people who do not have HIV but who are at risk of getting HIV. PrEP involves taking a
specific HIV medicine every day to reduce the risk of getting HIV through sex or injection drug use.
- Do not inject drugs. But if you do, use only sterile drug injection equipment and water, and never share
your equipment with others.
Testing and Treatment

A person’s HIV status can only be determined through HIV Antibody Testing, which is strictly voluntary,
confidential, and must be accompanied by pre-and-post-test counseling. Process: (1) Pre-test Counseling, (2)
Screening Test, (3) Confirmatory Test, and (4) Post-test Counseling

HIV disease can be managed by treatment regimens composed of a combination of three or more antiretroviral
(ARV) drugs. Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not cure HIV infection but highly suppresses viral
replication within a person's body and allows an individual's immune system recovery to strengthen and regain
the capacity to fight off opportunistic infections and some cancers.

Since 2016, WHO has recommended that all people living with HIV be provided with lifelong ART, including
children, adolescents, adults and pregnant and breastfeeding women, regardless of clinical status or CD4 cell
count.

Skill building Activities:

Instructions: Create an infographic that promotes HIV and AIDS Awareness. You may use any art materials
that you would prefer. Make your infographic as creative and informative as possible. Please utilize the space
provided for your infographic.

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Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

C. CHECK

Now it’s time to check what you have learned for today’s lesson.

Instruction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise.

TRUE
___1. You can protect yourself by using gloves when helping a friend who is bleeding.

FALSE
___2. You can protect yourself by not sharing drinking cups.

FALSE
___3. You can protect yourself by not sitting next to a person who has HIV.

TRUE
___4. You can protect yourself by not sharing needles or razor blades.

FALSE
___5. You can protect yourself by not shaking hands with someone who has HIV.

Thinking about learning/ lesson take-away (10mins):

You are now done to your last activity. Let’s go read some of the common myths about HIV and AIDS and
answer the questions below.

Common Myths About HIV and AIDS

1. “I can get HIV by being around people who are HIV-positive.”

- HIV isn't spread through touch, tears, sweat, saliva, or pee.

2. Mosquitoes spread HIV.

- Because the virus is passed through blood, people have worried that they could get it from biting or
bloodsucking insects. Several studies show that doesn't happen, even in areas with lots of mosquitoes and
cases of HIV.

3. Oral sex is just as risky when it comes to HIV.

- The risk from oral sex is almost negligible compared with other types of sex. In theory, it seems possible if
your partner has HIV, but, that is not the case.

4. “I'm straight and don't use IV drugs. I won't get HIV.”

- Most men get HIV through sexual contact with other men. But you can get the virus from heterosexual
contact with an infected person, too: About 1 in 6 men and 3 in 4 women do. Women who have sex with
women have the lowest risk of transmission.

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Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

5. “I could tell if my partner was HIV-positive.”

- You can have HIV without any symptoms for years. The only way for you or your partner to know if you're
positive is to get tested. The long period of asymptomatic infection is why the CDC recommends that everyone
between 18 and 64 be tested at least once as part of routine blood work.

6. “I don't need to worry about getting HIV. Drugs will keep me well.”

Antiretroviral drugs (ART) improve the lives of many people who have HIV and help them live longer. But many
of these drugs are expensive and have serious side effects. There's no cure for HIV. And drug-resistant strains
of HIV can make treatment harder. Prevention is cheaper and easier than managing a lifelong condition and
the problems it brings.

7. “Now that I have HIV, I can’t have kids.”

- You may be able to safely have children. Doctors can help you take steps to lower or remove the chance that
you’ll pass the virus to your partner during conception. If you're pregnant, your doctor will give you HIV drugs to
protect you and your baby. The baby may also be given medication after birth.

Provide your honest response to the questions below:

How much does your personal preference
for the topics and activities affect the quality
of your effort and output?
___________________________________
___________________________________
I put a lot of effort and time for topics
___________________________________
and activities that interest me. Topics
___________________________________
about health does interest me a lot.
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_______
What routines, behavior, and actions help
you work better? Describe how it helps.
___________________________________
Being in a quiet environment and
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waking up early helps me to be produc-
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tive and help me to work better
___________________________________
___________________________________
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RUBRICS

ESSAYS
CONTENT Content is Content is somewhat Content is incomplete
comprehensive, accurate, comprehensive but and inappropriate. It
and credible. It appears disorganized. It demonstrates a lack of
demonstrates an in-depth demonstrates a general reflection and analysis of
reflection and analysis of analysis and minimal the lesson. (1)
the lesson. (3) reflection of the lesson.

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Student Activity Sheet Lesson 9

(2)
MECHANICS There are no/few spelling There are some spelling There are significant
and/or punctuation errors. or punctuation errors. (1) spelling and punctuation
(2) errors. (0)

CREATIVE OUTPUT

Output demonstrates the Output is factual but showed Output demonstrates no

learner’s own interpretation and little interpretation from the interpretation and expression
expression of the lesson, and learners, and details somewhat from the learners, and details
Content shows appropriate details and show the concepts of the have no connection with the
concepts of the lesson. lesson. concepts of the lesson.

(30-21) (20-11) (10-1)

Output contains various visual Output contains visual aids but There is very little evidence of
aids to display information in distracts or hinders the details creativity. There is no clear
multiple ways. Very of the lesson. Appropriate use structure. It seems that texts
Creativity appropriate use of creative texts of creative texts and graphics. and graphics were randomly
and graphics. placed.
(20-11)
(30-21) (10-1)

Output is well organized, easy Output is satisfactorily Output is poorly organized

to understand, and easy to read. organized but difficult to and very distracting to read
Clarity understand and read. and understand.
(20-14)
(13-7) (6-1)

There are no/few spelling There are some spelling or There are significant spelling
and/or punctuation errors. punctuation errors. and punctuation errors.
Mechanics
(20-14) (13-7) (6-1)

ANSWER KEY:

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. TRUE 5. FALSE

2. FALSE

3. FALSE

4. TRUE

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