Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Competency
Model for
Sustainability
Leaders
Literature
Review
Empirical research on the competencies of sustainability
leadership is limited and incomplete (D’Amato, et al, 2009;
Fernández et al., 2006). A key issue is that the research on these
competencies has not converged around a common framework.
For the purpose of this research, I identified 12 past of recurring themes across ten or more sources in this
qualitative reviews on the behavioural competencies of review. It was evident that, while some sustainability
sustainability leaders (Berns, et al., 2009; Egri & leadership studies proposed critical behavioural
Herman, 2000; Hames, 2007, 2009; Hind, et al., 2009; competencies, none specifically focused on Sustainability
Kakabadse, et al., 2009; Luenburger & Goleman, 2010; Leaders. Accordingly, my research seeks to propose a
Morton & Grayson, 2009; Quinn & Baltes, 2007; model for understanding the behavioural competencies
SustainAbility, 2008; WBCSD, 2011; Wilson & Holton, of effective Sustainability Leaders. In doing so, via a
2003; Wilson, et al., 2006). In reviewing existing personality questionnaire, this paper builds upon
literature to identify critical behavioural competencies, I existing research. Findings therefore either confirm or
was able to create a summary (Figure 1) of five reject the distinct behavioural competencies identified
competency categories which were identified as a result in the literature.
To do this, I selected a quantitative research method in Subsequent analysis of each behavioural competency
an attempt to add statistical rigour to the evaluation of by sample demographics gave rise to trends across
behavioural competencies identified in the literature participants and highlighted the range of differing
review. I applied the Saville Consulting Wave® responses. I then documented research findings to either
Professional Styles questionnaire (“Wave®”) as it confirm or reject the distinct competencies identified in
provides peer-validated (“rater”) measures which previous qualitative research (i.e. a confirmatory
enable quantitative analysis of the reported research strategy). Through an iterative process of
behavioural competencies. returning to the raw data, I was able to identify, refine
and verify the critical behavioural competencies of
To test the hypothesis, Wave® data was secured from
Sustainability Leaders. See figure 2 below for an outline
a sample population of ninety-seven Sustainability
of the deductive research approach.
Leaders. I initially reviewed all thirty-six behaviours
captured by Wave® to check the accuracy of the twenty-
two behaviours used in the hypothesis.
• 26 theories explicitly • Wave® was selected from • Purposeful sampling • Participant data, including
mentioned in sustainability available personality identified 163 Sustainability peer-validated responses,
leadership literature, with questionnaires due to its 0.45 Leaders from professional was reviewed to verify
input from over 70 academics reliability measure for networks and research reported sten scores for
were reviewed (Figure 1) predicting work performance participant referrals each behaviour
(Figure 8)
• Thematic analysis was • 97 research participants • Systematic analysis of the
undertaken to interpret • A behavioural competency completed Wave®, a 59% raw data was carried out
content from qualitative model was designed with response rate. Of the reported across all 36 behaviours
research conducted within input from Step 1 and use of data, 74% of responses were captured by Wave® to identify
the last 15 years the Wave® taxonomy peer-validated (Figure 7) any missing items
(Figure 5)
• Inductive category • All 36 behaviours measured • Comparison with the
development was used to • 4 subject matter experts by Wave® were analysed, hypothesis established in
define 5 behavioural refined and validated the inclusive of the 22 behaviours Step 2 identified key trends
competency groupings 5 competency groupings detailed in the hypothesis by sample demographic
(Figure 2) and 22 behaviours detailed
• 59 participants, 61% of the • Returning to raw data
in the hypothesis
• 12 research papers were sample, took-up the option refined the view of ‘critical’
identified with access to to informally discuss their behavioural competencies
source data providing over personal responses and ensured that the research
500 competency references findings are reliable - enabling
(Figure 3) the model to be refined
Visionary Thinker
• Developing strategies
• Pursuing goals
• Providing insights
• Exploring possibilities
1
2
3
4
5
Ethically Oriented 6 Inclusive Operator
• Upholding standards 7 • Understanding people
• Interacting with people 8 • Team work
9
• Empowering individuals • Directing people
10
• Conveying confidence • Establishing rapport
Purposeful sampling was used to access participants from specialised populations (Bryman & Bell, 2013).
After communicating with an initial pool of 209 potential candidates, 163 leaders in the sample population
all confirmed that they hold, or have held, upper management to senior level sustainability positions in their
respective organizations.
Sector Location
Professional Services 28% United Kingdom 60%
Media & Communications 12% Rest of Europe 12%
Envrionmental Services 9% North America 17%
Retail 8%
Manufacturing 7%
Facilities Services 5%
Other 15%
Experience Qualification
>20 years 26% First degree
3-5 years 5%
Gender
Male 51%
Female 49%
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Key Results
Conclusion
The purpose of this research was to provide a model “A profit motive is not enough,
for assessing the behavioural competencies of
Sustainability Leaders (figure 7). The model highlights it doesn’t excite, it doesn’t engage
ten critical and prominent behaviours, which have and it is not going to create
been mapped to corresponding competency groupings.
organizations that sustain over
These are understood to be the behavioural competencies
that such leaders require to respond effectively to the long term.”
sustainability challenges. Alexandra Stubbings
Managing Director, Talik & Co.
Figure 7: The refined behavioural Competency Model for effective Sustainability Leaders
Results Driven
• Developing expertise
• Impressing people
• Articulating information
• Making decisions
1
2
3
4
Ethically Oriented 5
Visionary Thinker
6
• Interacting with people
7 • Exploring possibilities
• Conveying confidence 8 • Developing strategies
• Upholding standards 9
• Pursuing goals
• Empowering individuals 10
• Providing insights
Analysis of the sample population shows that consultants This may be indicative of the value placed on a subset of
display stronger behavioural competencies compared to behaviours within each sector (as a result of either the
in-house Sustainability Leaders, particularly those available development opportunities or the prevalent
working in Environmental Services. It also shows a work culture) and has further implications for
diverse mix of competencies across sectors. Sustainability Leaders moving between sectors.
In a relatively new profession, this means that the Implications for Future Research
Behavioural Competency Model should be refined at Based on the findings of this paper, several
least every five years to ensure it is construct validity. recommendations can be suggested for future research:
There is strong evidence that first and post-graduate 1. Increase the sample size to improve the quality of
degrees strengthen a Sustainability Leaders’ analysis and further refine the model. Alternatively,
effectiveness. The only competency grouping this doesn’t perform a longitudinal study to show how behaviours
apply to is “inclusive operator”. This could indicate either change over time.
that academic qualifications in Sustainability Leadership
2. Use the model to examine the variables between
need to incorporate the related behaviours in their
consultants and in-house Sustainability Leaders. With
curriculum, or that Sustainability Leaders should
an increased sample size, multi-factor analysis could
be looking at other qualifications to develop this
also generate additional conclusions in terms
competency grouping.
of sector and location.
Although a Sustainability Leader’s gender does not have 3. Design leadership development modules to
a significant impact on their effectiveness in-role, it is strengthen Sustainability Leaders’ competencies,
worth noting that there is disparity in career progression implement training and conduct quasi-experimental
and pay for women. This is likely mirrored in other research with repeated measures to assess the change
professions, but is a useful insight for women and in performance.
recruitment firms specialising in sustainability.
An important part of this is understanding the path of
development itself (Global Association of Corporate
Sustainability Officers, 2011). The Behavioural
Competency Model detailed in this research provides a
means of enhancing this understanding by:
*Note: The average shown is established from Sustainability Leaders with comparable demographics
(e.g. based on sector, location, experience and qualification).
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