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of bacteria.
Sijo.A
B.sc.Botany & Biotechnology
Mar ivanios college
1vm, Kerala
The physical factors affects the growth of microorganism.
1) Temperature
Temperature is the most important factor that influences the
rate of enzyme catalysed reactions and rate of growth.
For there is an tor
every organisms optimum temperature
growth and minimum temperature for inhibiting the growth.
Most extreme the microbes need liquid waterto grow.(330C).
some algae and fungi grow at 55-60 degreeC.
Prokaryotes are grow at 100 degreeC.
Based on temperature the microorganisms are classified into
two 4.
i) psychrophiles
They are grow at zero degree celcius.
They isolated from arctic and antarctic habitats.
Because 90% is ocean.
The cell membrane of psychrophilic microorganisms
have high levels of unsaturated fatty acid and remain
semifluid when cold.
If temperature is more than 15 degree celcius the cell
membrane will disrupts.
Eg: Pseudomonas vibrio
2) Mesophiles
Theyaregrow at 20-45 degree
Almost all human pathogens are mesophiles.
Eg:cyanobacteria(Nostoc, Anabaena, Oscillatoria etc.)
3) Thermophiles
They are grow at 45-65 degree C.
They have more heat stable enzymes and protein
synthesis system able to function at high temperature.
Eg: Thermus aquaticus.
4) Hyper thermophiles
They are grow at 8o-100 degree celcius
1) Acidophile
They can survive at pH o and o.5
Eg:picrophilus.
2) Neutrophile
They can survive at Ph 5.5 & 8.o
3) Alkalophile
They can survive at Ph 8.5 & 11.5
Eg: nitrobacteria.
4) Light
The photosynthetic microorganisms such as
cyanobacteria, microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria
need light for energy production.
5)salt concentration &water activity
Based on these factors the microbes are classified into 2.
1) Halphile
They require high level of Nacl to grow.
Eg:halobacterium
2) Osmophile
They require wide range of water activity.
Eg: Stephallococcus aureus.
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