MULTISENSOR

INSTRUMENTATION
6
DESIGN
Defined Accuracy
Computer-Integrated
Measurement Systems

PATRICK H. GARRETT

A Wiley-Interscience Publication
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
MULTISENSOR
INSTRUMENTATION
6
DESIGN
MULTISENSOR
INSTRUMENTATION
6
DESIGN
Defined Accuracy
Computer-Integrated
Measurement Systems

PATRICK H. GARRETT

A Wiley-Interscience Publication
JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.
This book is printed on acid-free paper. 
Copyright © 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. All rights reserved.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Garrett, Patrick H.
Multisensor instrumentation 6[sigma] design / Patrick H. Garrett
p. cm.
Title has numeral 6 followed by Greek sigma.
“A Wiley-Interscience publication.”
ISBN 0-471-20506-0 (cloth)
1. Electrooptical devices—Testing—Congresses. 2. Automatic checkout
equipment—Congresses. I. Title.

TA1750 .G37 2001

670.42'7—dc21 2001046730

Printed in the United States of America

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS

Preface ix

1 Process, Quantum, and Analytical Sensors 1

1-0 Introduction 1
1-1 Instrumentation Error Representation 1
1-2 Temperature Sensors 4
1-3 Mechanical Sensors 7
1-4 Quantum Sensors 12
1-5 Analytical Sensors 17
Bibliography 23

2 Instrumentation Amplifiers and Parameter Errors 25

2-0 Introduction 25
2-1 Device Temperature Characteristics 25
2-2 Differential Amplifiers 26
2-3 Operational Amplifiers 31
2-4 Instrumentation Amplifiers 34
2-5 Amplifier Parameter Error Evaluation 42
Bibliography 45

3 Active Filter Design with Nominal Error 47

3-0 Introduction 47
3-1 Lowpass Instrumentation Filters 47
3-2 Active Filter Networks 52
3-3 Filter Error Analysis 60
3-4 Bandpass Instrumentation Filters 65
Bibliography 73

v
vi CONTENTS

4 Linear Signal Conditioning to Six-Sigma Confidence 75

4-0 Introduction 75
4-1 Signal Conditioning Input Considerations 75
4-2 Signal Quality Evaluation and Improvement 78
4-3 DC, Sinusoidal, and Harmonic Signal Conditioning 84
4-4 Redundant Signal Conditioning and Diagnostics 89
Bibliography 93

5 Data Conversion Devices and Errors 95

5-0 Introduction 95
5-1 Analog Multiplexers 95
5-2 Sample-Holds 97
5-3 Digital-to-Analog Converters 100
5-4 Analog-to-Digital Converters 106
Bibliography 119

6 Sampling and Reconstruction with Intersample Error 121

6-0 Introduction 121
6-1 Sampled Data Theory 121
6-2 Aliasing of Signal and Noise 126
6-3 Step-Interpolated Data Intersample Error 130
6-4 Output Signal Interpolation, Oversampling, and Digital Conditioning 136
Bibliography 145

7 Measurement and Control Instrumentation Error Analysis 147

7-0 Introduction 147
7-1 Low-Data-Rate Digital Control Instrumentation 147
7-2 High-Data-Rate Video Acquisition 154
7-3 Computer-Integrated Instrumentation Analysis Suite 157
Bibliography 168

8 Multisensor Architectures and Error Propagation 169

8-0 Introduction 169
8-1 Multisensor Fusion, Integration, and Error 169
8-2 Sequential Multisensor Architecture 172
8-3 Homogeneous Multisensor Architecture 174
8-4 Heterogeneous Multisensor Architecture 179
Bibliography 186

9 Instrumentation System Integration and Interfaces 187

9-0 Introduction 187
9-1 System Integration and Interface Buses 187
 CONTENTS vii

9-2 Instrument Serial Bus Interfaces 191

9-3 Microwave Microscopy Virtual Instrument 197
9-4 Analytical Instrumentation in Advanced Control 201
Bibliography 207

Index 209