IEEE AUTHOR ETHICS GUIDELINES
CITE SOURCES
AUTHORSHIP
IEEE considers individuals
who meet all of the following
criteria to be authors:
• Made a significant
intellectual contribution
to the work contained in
the article
• Contributed to drafting,
reviewing, or revising
the article for
intellectual content
• Approved the final
version of the article as
accepted for publication
Anyone who contributed but
does not fulfill all of these
roles can be included in the
article’s Acknowledgment
section.
More information is available at https://pspb.ieee.org/images/files/files/opsmanual.pdf. If you have an ethics question, contact your conference
organizer, your journal editor-in-chief, or the IEEE author engagement team at authors@ieee.org.
PUBLISH ORIGINAL
REPORT DATA ACCURATELY AVOID PLAGIARISM
APPROPRIATELY RESEARCH
Always cite your sources. Communicate your research Submit to one publication at IEEE defines plagiarism as
• Direct quotation: place findings fully and accurately. a time. Your submission the use of another’s ideas,
verbatim text from Avoid: should contain original processes, results, or words
another source in • Fabrication: inventing research that hasn’t been without explicitly
quotation marks and data or results published before and is not acknowledging the original
include a citation to the currently submitted author and source.
• Falsification:
original source anywhere else. Plagiarism in any form is
manipulating research
unacceptable and is
• Paraphrase or materials, equipment, or
Technical research is often considered a serious breach
summarize: include an processes, or changing
published first as preliminary of professional conduct, with
in-text citation when or omitting data or
findings and then later as potentially severe ethical
summarizing information results
fully developed research. and legal consequences.
from another source,
• Image manipulation: IEEE supports this
including ideas,
inappropriate evolutionary publishing Follow proper citation
processes, arguments, or
adjustment of an image, process provided that: practices to avoid plagiarism.
conclusions
especially when that • Both versions of the All IEEE articles are checked
• Data, research results, alters the scientific article undergo standard for plagiarism before
information, graphics, or meaning of the image peer review publication in the IEEE Xplore
tables: cite the original Digital Library.
• The later version
source when referring to,
contains substantially
adapting, or reusing any
more technical
information from
information than the
another source
earlier version
Note that the same rules
• The later version cites
apply to your own previously
the earlier version and
published work. When in
clearly indicates how the
doubt, cite, but only cite the
two versions differ
latest relevant sources that
legitimately contribute to
your work.