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CSS Times International Relations 03
EU Plan to Quit
Russian Fossil Fuels
· It will also outline plans to produce 10
The European Commission plans to unveil a million tonnes of renewable hydrogen by
195 billion euro plan to stop importing 2030 and import another 10 million tonnes,
Russian fossil fuels by 2027, combining a supported by legislation defining which types
faster rollout of renewable energy and energy of hydrogen can count as renewable.
savings with a switch to alternative gas The EU will also outline the potential to
increase imports of liquefied natural gas from
supplies, draft documents show.
countries including Egypt, Israel and Nigeria,
The Commission expects the measures to plus the infrastructure needed to replace
require 195 billion euros in investments, on Russian gas imports - which a draft document
top of those already needed to meet the said should be designed to ensure it does not
bloc's 2030 climate target, which would help lock in decades of emissions that could
slash Europe's bill for fossil fuel imports. undermine climate change goals.
About the draft Gas heat homes, produces electricity and
· It includes a target for a 45% share of powers factories across Europe. The EU is
renewable energy by 2030, replacing gradually weaning itself off the fossil fuels
the current 40% proposal, and a 13% causing climate change, but for now Russia
cut in EU-wide energy consumption by supplies 40 per cent of its gas and 27 per
2030 compared with expected use, cent of its oil imports — a heavy dependency
replacing the Commission's current 9% that the EU vowed to end after Moscow
proposal. invaded Ukraine.
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sides in the East-West divide that has

endured beyond the end of the Cold war.
· Finland and Sweden have both been
reviewing their security policies following
Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which showed
the Kremlin is willing to attack a
neighbouring nation.
'Neutral' Countries in
Europe Recede as Finns, Publishers
Swedes Edge Toward

NATO
With Finland and Sweden taking steps to join
NATO, the list of neutral countries in Europe
appears poised to shrink.
Like the two Nordic countries, other nations
joined the European Union for its promise
economic and political unity without taking
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About NATO
· North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) is a military alliance
established by the North Atlantic
Treaty (also called the Washington
Treaty) of April 1949, by the United
States, Canada, and several Western
European nations to provide collective
security against the Soviet Union.
· NATO promotes democratic values
and enables members to consult and
cooperate on defence and security-
related issues to solve problems, build
trust and, in the long run, prevent
conflict.
· NATO offers selected training and

education courses to Pakistani officers.
· High-level political exchanges have
taken place over the years, including
between past NATO Secretary
Generals and high-level Pakistani
political and military officials, and at
the senior military leadership level.
Pakistan-NATO Key areas of cooperation
Pakistan's cooperation with NATO is mutually
beneficial and includes:
Support for NATO-led operations and
missions
· It headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. · Pakistan supported the International
Impact of NATO's expansion Security Assistance Force (ISAF), which
· Expanding NATO could complicate its completed its mission in Afghanistan
ability to achieve consensus, weaken in 2014, by allowing for the transit of
the security of those countries not ISAF supplies through Pakistan.
brought in, increase demands on · Pakistan also supported the Resolute
defence budgets when they are Support Mission in Afghanistan by
already overstretched, and alienate opening ground and air lines of
Russia. communication to resupply the
· Even Russia will look to rejuvenate mission.
Warsaw Pact. Here's a look at some countries that have
· After Finland and Sweden, the NATO enshrined neutrality into their laws or
and US combined have the largest- generally considered themselves neutral in
military power, Russia will look to the showdown between the United States
counter it by aligning with China. and Russia and their respective affiliates.
· Pakistan is one of a range of Austria, Ireland, Cyprus and Malta are EU
countries beyond the Euro-Atlantic members that have not joined NATO, and
area, often referred to as “partners Switzerland has stayed out of both.
across the globe”.
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hesitant about further measures against

Russia, and the Swiss are fiercely protective of
their role as mediator for rival states and as a
hub of humanitarian action and human rights.
Neutrality helps hone that reputation.
SWITZERLAND
Arguably the most renowned neutral country
in Europe, Switzerland has enshrined
neutrality into its constitution and Swiss
voters decided decades ago to stay out of the
EU. But its government has been at pains in
recent weeks to explain its concept of
neutrality after lining up behind EU sanctions AUSTRIA
against Russia and Swiss neutrality is Austria's neutrality is a key component of its
analyzed almost daily in local media these modern democracy: As a condition of Allied
days. forces leaving the country and its ability to
There's little chance that Switzerland will stray regain independence in 1955, Austria
further from its neutrality: Its government has declared itself militarily neutral.
already asked Germany not to pass along Since the start of Russia's war in Ukraine,
Swiss military equipment to Ukraine. Chancellor Karl Nehammer has struck a fine
The populist, right-wing party that holds the balance with regard to Austria's position. He
largest bloc of seats in parliament has been has maintained that the country has no plans
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MALTA
Malta's constitution says the small
Mediterranean island is officially neutral,
hewing to a policy of non-alignment and
refusing to participate in any military alliance.
A poll commissioned by the Foreign Ministry
published two weeks before Russia's invasion
found a vast majority of respondents
supported neutrality and only 6 per cent were
against it.
to change its security status, while at the The Times of Malta newspaper on
same time declaring that military neutrality Wednesday reported that Ireland's Higgins,
doesn't necessarily mean moral neutrality and during a state visit, stressed the idea of
that Austria strongly condemns Russia's positive neutrality and joined Maltese
actions in Ukraine. President George Vella in condemning the
IRELAND war in Ukraine.
Ireland's neutrality has long been a bit of a
gray area. Prime Minister Micheal Martin
summed up the country's position earlier this
year as: We're not politically neutral, but
we're military neutral.
The war in Ukraine has reopened the debate
about what Ireland's neutrality means. Ireland
has imposed sanctions on Russia and sent
non-lethal aid to Ukraine in response to the
invasion. CYPRUS
Ireland has been participating in European Cyprus' relations with the United States have
Union battlegroups part of the bloc's efforts grown considerably over the last decade, but
to harmonise its militaries. any idea of NATO membership remains off
Kruizinga, who has contributed to a the table at least for now.
Cambridge History of the First World War on The ethnically split island nation's president
neutrality, suggested that the more that EU said Saturday that it's much to early" to even
and NATO memberships are similar, the contemplate such a move that would
better it is for the bloc to portray itself as a invariably meet rival Turkey's strong
geopolitical power. opposition.
Many Cypriots particularly those on the
political left continue to blame NATO for the
island's de facto partition after Turkish forces
invaded in the mid-1970s. Turkey was a
NATO member at the time and the alliance
did nothing to prevent the military action.
Stalwart NATO member Britain has two
sovereign military bases on Cyprus, which
host a sophisticated listening post on the east
coast that is co-operated by US personnel.
Cyprus also wants to maintain a veneer of
neutrality, and has allowed Russian warships
to resupply at Cypriot ports, although that
privilege was suspended after war in Ukraine
began.
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CSS Times Pakistan Affairs 09
118th Meeting of the

Pakistan-India Permanent
Indus Commission, New Delhi India
The 118th meeting of the Pakistan-India
Permanent Indus Commission (PIC) was
held in New Delhi from 30-31 May 2022. Publishers
Under the relevant provisions of the Indus

Waters Treaty (IWT) 1960, the meeting
takes place alternatively in Pakistan and India
annually.
The 6-member Pakistani delegation was led
by Pakistan Commissioner for Indus
Waters, Syed Muhammad Mehar Ali Shah.
The Indian delegation was headed by the
Indian Commissioner for Indus Waters Mr.
A K Pal.
A wide range of water-related issues between Hydroelectric projects on the Western rivers.
Pakistan and India were discussed which Response to Pakistan's objections on Indian
included the advance sharing of flood projects including Pakal Dul was also sought.
information, the program of tours/ The Indian side was also urged to
inspections and signing of the report of the communicate advance flood-flow information
Permanent Indus Commission for the year as per the provisions of the Treaty and the
ending March 31, 2022. Pakistan also practice in vogue since 1989 until 2018.
highlighted its objections on India's
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Indian side assured to arrange
tours/inspections after the coming flood
season. India side also assured that Pakistan's
outstanding objections would be discussed in
the next meeting as the Indian side is still in
the process of examining the details.
· Under the provisions of Article VIII(5)

of the Indus Waters Treaty, the
Permanent Indus Commission is
required to meet at least once a year,
alternately in India and Pakistan.
The Indus
· The Indus is the western most River
Both sides reiterated their commitment to system in the subcontinent. Jhelum,
implement the Indus Waters Treaty in its true Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj are its
spirit and expressed the hope that the next main tributaries.
meeting of the Commission would be held at · The Indus originates from the Bokhar
an early date in Pakistan. Chu (glacier) in northern slopes of Mt.
About the treaty: Kailash (6714m). It drains the largest
· The Indus Water Treaty (IWT) is a number of glaciers and mountain
water-distribution treaty between slopes of the Karakorum, Ladakh,
India and Pakistan, arranged and Zaskarand Himalayan Ranges.
negotiated by the World Bank, to · Originating from the Kailash Mountain,
use the water available in the Indus it flows in a constricted valley north-
River and its tributaries. It was westward through Tibet, where it is
signed in Karachi on 19 September called as Singi Khamban or Lion's
1960 by Indian Prime Minister mouth.
Jawaharlal Nehru and Pakistani · In adakh it follows a long nearly
President Ayub Khan. straight course between the Ladakh
· Under the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) range and the Zaskar range.
signed between India and Pakistan in · In the first 480 km, it flows along the
1960, all the waters of the eastern northern flank of the Zaskar range
rivers -- Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi -- over a flat country at heights over
amounting to around 33 million 3200 m where it receives River Zaskar
acre feet (MAF) annually is allocated below Leh.
to India for unrestricted use. · Suruand Dras are the other left bank
· The waters of western rivers – Indus, tributaries which join the Indus near
Jhelum, and Chenab – amounting to Kargil. Moving north-westward, the
around 135 MAF annually have Indus is joined by the Shyok-Nubra
been assigned largely to Pakistan. tributaries.
· India is permitted to construct the · These tributaries arise from the Siachin
run of the river plants on western Glacier (Karakoram Range). At Skardu,
rivers with limited storage as per at a little distance below the Shyok, the
criteria specified in the treaty. Shigar River meets River Indus.
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· Gilgit is another important tributary Chandra and the Bhaga merge with
which comes from the west to join each other at Tandi.
Indus. Downward; the Indus crosses · The Chandra and the Bhaga originate
the central Himalayan range through a from the South-West and North West
huge synclinal gorge. faces of Barelacha pass respectively in
· The River passes by the Nanga-Parvat the Himalayan canton of Lahuland
and turns south-west to enter Pakistan. Spiti valley in Himachal Pradesh.
· The united stream, known as Chandra
Bhaga (Chenab) receives its first major
tributary the Miyar Nallah on the right
bank
· It is joined on the right bank by its
biggest tributary, the Marusudar at
Bhandarkot.
· Niru Nallah joins the Chenab River on
its left Bank.
· It enters into Sialkot district of
Pakistan.
· The total length of the river from
INDIA confluence of Chandra and Bhaga to
Akhnoor is about 410 km.
Ravi River:
· The Ravi River originates in the
Himalayas in the Chamba district of
Himachal Pradesh.
· The River drains a total catchment area
of 14,442 sq.km in India after flowing
for a length of 725 km.
Jhelum River Basin · Flowing westward, it is hemmed by the
· The River Jhelum formed by the water PirPanjal and Dhauladhar ranges,
of a spring viz. Cheshma Verinag forming a triangular zone.
situated at the foot hills · It follows a north-westerly course and
is a perennial River. It is the smallest of
accommodating Banihal pass in the
the five Punjab Rivers.
south eastern corner of the Kashmir
· It flows through Barabhangal, Bara
Valley and flows towards west through
Bansu and Chamba districts.
the Kashmir Valley.
Satluj River:
· In the course up to Anantnag town · The Satluj River, which is one of the
three major tributaries viz. Sandran major five rivers of the erstwhile
River, Bringi River and Arapath joins on Punjab, is a main source of water for
its right flank. Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana,
· Lidder a biggest River of all the Delhi & Rajasthan.
effluents that forms the head waters of · This river is a tributary of the river
River Jhelum. Indus & originates near Mansarover
· Jhelum River receives two small Lake in Tibet at an altitude 4572 m.
streams viz. Watlara and Arapal on the · Satluj is joined by the river Spiti at
right flank, and three small streams viz. flows through 320 kms from border
Rambiara, Sasara, Romuhi on the left through Shipkilla, Pooh, Powari, Tapri,
flank. Karcham, Nathpa, Rampur, Sunni and
Chenab River Basin: Dehar to meet Gobindsagar reservoir
· The river Chenab (or Chandra Bhaga) is (Bhakra) near Bilaspur in Himachal
formed after the two streams; the Pradesh.
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CSS Times World General Knowledge 13
Single Clone of Poseidon's Ribbon

Weed is Largest Plant in World
The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Shark

Bay is home to one of the largest continuous
seagrass meadows in the world.
· Scientific Name: Posidonia australis.
· About Ribbon weed(Posidonia
australis)
· It has been discovered in Shark Bay by
a group of researchers from Flinders
University and The University of
Western Australia.
· They found that the plant is 4,500

years old and is sterile.
· It has double the number of
chromosomes than other similar
A single plant or 'clone' of the plants.
Poseidon's ribbon weed (Posidonia · It has managed to survive the volatile
australis), a species of seagrass that atmosphere of the shallow Shark
occurs in the southern half of Australia, Bay and a part of the reason may be
in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of that it is a polyploid – instead of
Shark Bay is at least 4,500 years old taking half-half genome from both
and spans more than 180 km in parents, it took 100 percent,
fragmented, near-shore meadows. something not unheard of in plants.
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CSS Times World General Knowledge 15
o Polyploid plants often reside in places damages the tree. Many
with extreme environmental conditions, are different species of birds have
often sterile, but can continue to grow if left their nests in its branches.
undisturbed, and this giant seagrass has done
just that
Size and its comparison
o The ribbon weed covers an area
of 20,000 hectares.
o The second largest plant, is the
clonal colony of a quaking
Aspen tree in Utah, which
covers 43.6 hectares.
o Pakistan's the largest and oldest · Large, perennial, seagrass
banyan tree in Near Midh meadows of the Poseidon's
Ranjha, with over one thousand ribbon weed and the wire weed
roots and covering an area of (Amphibolis antarctica)
approximately three acres (1.2 dominate much of this marine
ha). It is situated on the banks ecosystem, creating an ideal
of the Chenab river near Abhal- location in which to study
Mohri village, 3.6 km (2.2 mi) evolutionary change and
from Midh Ranjha. The tree is at adaptation.
least 400 years old, and there is Pakistan has 4.2 million ha of forest and
a tradition that it was planted planted trees, which equates to 4.8 percent of
over 600 years ago by Sufi the total land area. Forty percent of the forest
Murtaza Shah with his disciple area comprises coniferous and scrub forest in
Baba Roday Shah. The grave of the northern hills and mountains. The balance
Sufi Murtaza Shah is under the includes irrigated plantations, riverine forests
tree. There is a local belief that along major rivers of the Indus plains,
harm will come to anyone who mangrove forests of the Indus delta and trees
planted on farmlands.
Significance
· Seagrass performs a vital role in the
environment, and it is good news for
everyone in a world threatened by
climate change.
· The Shark Bay ribbon has served as
sinkhole, hospitable city, and firewall
for centuries.
· It has done all this without mating, so
maybe it has one more distinction –
being one of the oldest champions of
sologamy.
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CSS Times International Affairs 16
Why Turkey now

wants to be called
Türkiye?
The United Nations has changed the Republic of
Turkey's country name at the organisation from
“Turkey” to “Türkiye”, following a request from
Ankara for the change.
UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric said that a letter
had been received on June 02, 2022 from the
Turkish foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu
addressed to Secretary-General Antonio Guterres,
requesting the use of “Türkiye” instead of “Turkey”
for all affairs.
· Turkey will now be known as Türkiye.
· Domestically, citizens refer to the land as
Turkiye, but its anglicised version 'Turkey' · Some of these results included the large
was adopted internationally. bird that is served for Thanksgiving and
Issues with the word – 'Turkey'? Christmas meals in North America.
Turkey government was not pleased with the · According to Cambridge Dictionary's
Google search results that came up for the word definition, the term “turkey” means
'Turkey'. “something that fails badly” or “a stupid
or silly person”.
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CSS Times International Affairs 17
Turkey began the move to change its internationally The network continued: “Flip through the
recognised official name in English to Türkiye in Cambridge Dictionary and 'turkey' is defined as
December after Turkish President Recep Tayyip 'something that fails badly' or 'a stupid or silly
Erdogan released a memorandum and asked the person'.”
public to use Türkiye to describe the country in
every language.
In December 2021, Erdoğan ordered the use of
Türkiye to better represent Turkish culture and
values, including demanding that “Made in
Türkiye” be used instead of “Made in Turkey” on
exported products. Turkish ministries also began
using Türkiye in official documents.
Turkey's English-language state broadcaster TRT
World has switched to using Türkiye although the
word Turkey slips in, used by journalists still trying
to get used to the change.
TRT World explained the decision in an article
earlier this year, saying Googling “Turkey” brings
up a “a muddled set of images, articles, and
dictionary definitions that conflate the country with
Meleagris – otherwise known as the turkey, a large TRT World argued that Turks prefer their country to
bird native to North America – which is famous for be called Türkiye, in “keeping with the country's
being served on Christmas menus or Thanksgiving aims of determining how others should identify it”.
dinners.”
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CSS Times UN International Day 19
World Bicycle Day

2022
World Bicycle Day Theme
The theme of World Bicycle Day may be
claimed as, “Uniqueness, versatility, longevity
of the bicycle and simple, sustainable,
affordable, reliable, means of transportation”
This extracted theme of world bicycle day
reveals the observance aim of such a special
day.
Background of World Bicycle Day
In April 2018, the United Nations General
Assembly declared 3 June of every year as
World Bicycle Day 2022 is on Friday, 3 June World Bicycle Day. The Day is the result of
Leszek Sibilski's campaign and the support of
2022. The fifth World Bicycle Day observance
Turkmenistan and 56 other countries for World
is being celebrated on this date. Bicycle Day.
The United Nations celebrated the first World World Bicycle Day Logo
Bicycle Day on Sunday, June 3, 2018, at UN Isaac Feld with the assistance of Professor John
General Assembly in New York. UN officials, E. Swanson designed the logo for World
diplomats, athletes and advocates of the Bicycle Day. This logo symbolizes various
cycling community spoke at the first types of bicyclists around the globe. The
inaugural event in New York, sharing how basic message is to show that the bicycle
bicycles serve their riders in several ways. belongs to and serves all of humanity.
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CSS Times International Day 20
World No Tobacco Day, every year on

31st May is observed as 'World No 31 May.
Tobacco Day' every year to spread
awareness around the deadly effects of · Theme for 2022: “Tobacco: Threat to
tobacco consumption. our environment.” This drive aims to
create awareness among the public on
the detrimental impact of tobacco
cultivation, production, distribution,
and waste on the environment,
besides human health.
· The WHO has selected Jharkhand for
the World No Tobacco Day (WNTD)
Award-2022.
Impact of tobacco on
environment:
· About 3.5 million hectares of land are
cleared for growing tobacco each year.
· The Member States of the World · It causes deforestation mainly in the
Health Organization created World No developing nations.
Tobacco Day in 1987 to draw global · Tobacco cultivation results in soil
attention to the tobacco epidemic and the
degradation, making it infertile to
preventable death and disease it causes.
· In 1988, Resolution WHA 42.19 was support the growth of other crops or
passed, calling for the celebration of vegetation.
· Tobacco contributes 84 megatons of
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the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to country's tobacco industry by establishing the
the atmosphere every year. Pakistan Tobacco Board.
· Around twenty-two billion litres of
water is consumed in the production
of cigarettes every year.
· Tobacco is a very nutrient-hungry crop,
and it depletes soil nutrients more
rapidly.
Tobacco is grown as a cash crop
worldwide and 90 percent of the
world's tobacco is
produced by developing countries.
Among these developing countries,
tobacco is grown in India, Zimbabwe,
Pakistan, and Malawi, all of which are
low-income food-deficit countries The formation of the Pakistan Tobacco Board
(LIFDCs). These developing countries (PTB) was the first step towards promoting
export most of their tobacco and and developing tobacco production and
consume less than 20 percent locally export. Since the establishment of the PTB,
the board has been protecting the rights of
tobacco growers, buyers, manufacturers of
tobacco products, and traders engaged in
tobacco processing
In these years, Pakistan's highest tobacco
production, 129,900 tons, was recorded in
2013–2014, while the share of KP was also at
its highest at the same time, at 100,800 tons.
Increased tobacco production can be
attributed to improved seed accessibility,
research and innovation, and modern
Tobacco cultivation in Pakistan equipment. In these years, the average area
Pakistan departed from being a net importer planted was 29,290 hectares in KP and 49,000
of tobacco in 1948 and became self-sufficient hectares in Pakistan. Similarly, in these years,
in tobacco production in 1969. At the time of KP produced 67.84 thousand tons of tobacco
independence, the tobacco crop was not out of a total produced average quantity of
grown in the country, so the government 95.19 thousand tons of tobacco in Pakistan.
imported tobacco to meet tobacco demand Tobacco is a cash crop in Pakistan, where it
in the country. In 1948, the government, on was grown on 50,800 hectares in 2020,
trial basis, started tobacco cultivation in the producing about 113.6 million kilograms.
country. Initially, tobacco (FCV) was cultivated
on 20 acres of land, but with the passage of
time, tobacco crop cultivation was increased.
Before 1968, the quality of produced tobacco
was not good, and the government imported
high-quality raw tobacco for the
requirements of the industry by spending
precious foreign exchange reserves. In 1968,
the Pakistani government took serious steps
to support, improve, and develop the
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Tobacco growers in KP cultivated tobacco on mountainous area. It has set MIP for Dark
28,089 hectares of land in the above- Air-Cured Tobacco (DAC) at Rs149.09 per kg
mentioned 50,800 hectares, producing 71.38 and for White Patta (WP) at Rs123 per kg.
million kilograms of tobacco in the province MIP for burley has been fixed at Rs187.50 per
(PTB 2021; KPBOS 2021). kg and for Naswar/Snuff/Hookah and other
The Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) Rustica tobacco and its products has set MIP
of the Cabinet on Monday approved the at Rs123 per kg.
minimum indicative prices (MIPs) for various
types of tobacco crops for year 2022.
The ECC has fixed the MIP for Flue Cured
Virginia (FCV) for plain area at Rs240 per kg
and Rs281.13 per kg for FCV in sub-
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Health Consequences · Bans some advertising, including on
Tobacco kills over 163,600 people each year domestic TV, radio, billboards, and in
in Pakistan. Almost 31,000 of these deaths are print media. Most other forms of
due to exposure to secondhand smoke. advertising and promotion are
Tobacco causes about 16.0% of all male allowed.
deaths and 4.9% of female deaths. Overall, · Require a pictorial and text health
10.9% of all deaths are caused by tobacco. warning on 85% of smoked tobacco
Over 22 million people (20% of adults) in product packaging, with text on the
Pakistan smoke tobacco. 32% of men and 6% front in Urdu and text on the back in
of women smoke. However, smokeless forms of English. Warnings on smokeless
tobacco, such as paan, ghutka and naswar, are tobacco products are not required.
also popular. More than 1 in four young people · Allow sub-national regulations that are
(aged 13-15) are exposed to second-hand stricter than the national law.
smoke in their homes.
15% of male deaths and 1% of female deaths
are related to tobacco use and exposure.
Around 110,000 people die annually from
tobacco-related diseases in Pakistan.
Pakistan became party to the WHO
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
(FCTC) in 2005.
Achievements
In 2008, The Union worked with the Ministry
of Health in Pakistan to establish a
government Tobacco Control Cell responsible
for tobacco control nationally. The Union
continues to work with the National Tobacco
Control Cell and civil society (and with the
Ministry of Health at sub-national level) to
improve graphic health warnings and expand
bans on advertising, promotion and
sponsorship. The Union is also supporting a
There are two main pieces of tobacco control project to implement Smokefree Islamabad.
legislation: the Cigarettes (Printing of Continuing Work
Warning) Ordinance, 1979 and the The Tobacco Control Cell has formed a
Prohibition of Smoking in Enclosed Places technical working group on tobacco taxation.
and Protection of Non-smokers Health It includes representatives from The Union,
Ordinance, 2002. Nearly twenty additional WHO, World Bank and other stakeholders.
ordinances and amendments have been The working group has been tasked to review
passed since 2002, clarifying and existing tobacco tax structure and devise a
strengthening tobacco control. These mechanism to increase taxes on tobacco
national laws: products in line with FCTC recommendations
· Prohibit smoking in all places of public including earmarking of tobacco tax revenues
work or use, including public transport for tobacco control measures. Tobacco
and outdoor waiting areas for Control Cell will be focal point for this
transport. Smoking is permitted in initiative.
hotel guest rooms.
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CSS Times Food Crisis 25
Global Network Against Food Crises insecurity at crisis or worse levels,

· According to a recent research issued according to the paper.
on May 4, 2022, 40 million more What are the Key Highlights of the
individuals worldwide faced acute Report?
food insecurity at crisis or worse About:
levels in 2021 than in 2020. o Some 40 million more people
globally experienced acute
· Over half a million people (570,000) food insecurity at crisis or
in Ethiopia, southern Madagascar, worse levels in 2021 than 2020.
South Sudan, and Yemen are in the § Over half a million
most serious stage of acute food crisis. Ethiopians, southern
· According to the research of the Madagascar, South
Global Network Against Food Crises, Sudanese and Yemenese
immediate action is needed to prevent are suffering from acute
widespread collapse of livelihoods, food insecurity.
famine, and death for these half a o Over 193 million people in 53
million people (GNAFC). countries or territories
What is GNAFC? experienced acute food
insecurity at crisis or worse
· The GNAFC is a global partnership levels in 2021.
of the United Nations, the European Main Drivers for Food Insecurity:
Union, and governmental and non- Conflict:
governmental organisations to · Conflict forced 139
combat food insecurity. million people in 24
· In 2021, about 193 million countries / territories
individuals in 53 countries and into acute food
territories had severe food insecurity.
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CSS Times Food Crisis 27
What are the Suggestions?
· Need to have an Integrated
Approach:
o There is a need to have an
integrated approach to
prevention, anticipation, and
better targeting to
sustainably address the root
causes of food crises, including
structural rural poverty,
marginalization, population
growth and fragile food
systems.
· This is an increase from

99 million in 23 countries
/ territories in 2020.
Weather Extremes:
· It forced over 23 million
people in eight
countries / territories
into acute food
insecurity, up from 15.7
million in 15 countries /
territories in 2020. Need to Prioritize Smallholder
Economic Shocks: Agriculture:
· Over 30 million people · The report demonstrated the
in 21 countries / need for a greater
territories suffered prioritization of smallholder
acute food insecurity in agriculture as a frontline
2021 due to economic humanitarian response, to
shocks, down from over overcome access constraints
40 million people in 17 and as a solution for reverting
countries / territories in negative long-term trends.
2020. Strengthening a Coordinated Approach:
· The need is to strengthen a
coordinated approach to
ensure that humanitarian,
development and peacekeeping
activities are delivered in a
holistic and coordinated
manner.
What is the State of Food Insecurity in
Pakistan?
· Alarmingly, of the 36.9 percent of the
households in Pakistan labelled as
“food insecure”, 18.3 percent face
“severe” food insecurity.
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CSS Times UN Report 28
ILO Monitor on the World

of Work. 9th Edition
The 9th edition of the ILO Monitor on the
Recovery in the global labour market is World of Work finds that after significant
threatened by multiple and interlinked global gains during the last quarter of 2021, the
crises, as well as increasing inequalities, number of hours worked globally dropped in
according to the latest ILO report on the the first quarter of 2022 to 3.8% below the
world of work.
Multiple global crises threaten the global
labor market recovery, with increasing
inequalities between and within countries, the
International Labour Organization (ILO) said
in a report on 23 May 2022
“The global labor market recovery has gone
into reverse,” said ILO Director-General Guy
Ryder.
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pre-crisis level in the three months of 2019. worked in 2022, as well as a broader
The fall is equivalent to a deficit of 112 impact on global labour markets in the
million full-time jobs, said the group that months to come.
represents organized labor, employers, and · While high-income countries
governments worldwide. experienced a recovery in hours
worked, low- and lower-middle-
income economies suffered setbacks
in the first quarter of the year with a
3.6 and 5.7 per cent gap respectively
when compared to the pre-crisis
benchmark. These diverging trends
are likely to worsen in the second
quarter of 2022.
Key Findings of the Report

· Multiple global crises are causing a
marked deterioration in the global
labour market recovery, with
increasing inequalities within and
between countries.
· After the significant gains during the
last quarter of 2021, the number of
hours worked globally dropped in
the first quarter of 2022, to 3.8 per
cent below the pre-crisis benchmark · In some developing countries,
(fourth quarter of 2019). governments are increasingly
· Multiple new and interconnected constrained by the lack of fiscal
global crises, including inflation space and debt sustainability
(especially in energy and food prices), challenges, while enterprises face
financial turbulence, potential debt economic and financial uncertainties
distress, and global supply chain and workers continue to be left
disruption – exacerbated by war in without sufficient access to social
Ukraine – means there is a growing protection.
· 30-60% of workers – five crore people
risk of a further deterioration in hours
– who lost jobs during the lockdown
have not joined any work.
· According to the survey on COVID-19
conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of
Statistics, the informal sector
comprises 73.5% of female
employment. 74% of 7.3 million
people who lost their jobs during the
lockdown in April-July 2020 were part
of the informal sector. The survey also
suggests that 46% of Pakistan's low-
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income households rely on women · The driving forces for the ILO's
earnings. From the past two years creation arose from security,
there has been an increase in cost of humanitarian, political and economic
living by 27% whereas 35% in food considerations.
price. However, the income remained · It is the only tripartite U.N. agency. It
the same. Which, subsequently, turned brings together governments,
out to be worse for those employed in employers and workers of 187
the informal sector. member States, to set labour
About ILO standards, develop policies and devise
· It was created in 1919, as part of the programmes promoting decent work
Treaty of Versailles that ended World for all women and men. Its
War I, to reflect the belief that headquarters are in Geneva,
universal and lasting peace can be Switzerland.
accomplished only if it is based on · Pakistan joined the ILO in 1947. As a
social justice. large developing country with a
· The Organization has played a role at population of over 207 million,
key historical junctures – the Great Pakistan has an estimated labour force
Depression, decolonization, the of 65.50 million. Pakistan has ratified
creation of Solidarność in Poland, the 36 ILO Conventions, related to labour
victory over apartheid in South Africa – rights including 8 fundamental rights
and today in the building of an ethical Conventions.
and productive framework for fair
globalization.
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CSS Times Virus 32
MONKEYPOX
Virus
The Ministry of National Health Services is
closely monitoring the situation and has
debunked information circulating on social
media about monkeypox cases being
reported in Pakistan.
Previously, the NIH had also clarified that
reports on the disease's prevalence in the
country on social media were "incorrect". It
had further called upon the national and
The federal government on May 18, 2022 provincial health authorities to remain vigilant
issued special instructions to all national for any suspected case.
and provincial health authorities to remain
on high alert for any suspected case of Meanwhile, Health Minister Abdul Qadir
monkeypox — a viral disease that has been Patel said that the government had ordered
spreading in Europe and elsewhere in recent testing kits for the diagnosis of the viral
days. disease.
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CSS Times Virus 33
· Researchers from the National
Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo
Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal have
shared the draft genome sequence of
the monkeypox virus that is rapidly
spreading in many European countries.
About Monkey Pox Virus
According to an alert issued by the NIH,
monkeypox is a rare viral zoonotic disease
that is caused by infection with the · The first case of monkeypox in
monkeypox virus. humans was recorded in 1970 in the
Although the natural reservoir of monkeypox Democratic Republic of Congoduring
is unknown, African rodents and non-human period of intensified effort to eliminate
primates like monkeys may harbour the virus smallpox.
and infect people. · Scientists have so far discovered two
The alert said the disease could be distinct genetic groups of monkeypox
transmitted through contact with infected virus—Central African and West
animals, humans or materials contaminated African.
with the virus. Cause
The virus enters the body through broken · It is caused by monkeypox virus, a
skin, the respiratory tract or the mucous member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in
membranes like the eyes, nose or mouth. the family Poxviridae.
· Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic · Monkeypox belongs to the same
disease that occurs primarily in tropical family of viruses as smallpox. But
Smallpox had a higher fatality rate
rainforest areas of Central and West
than monkeypox.
Africaand is occasionally exported to other
· Smallpox was declared eradicated
regions.
worldwide in 1980.
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CSS Times Virus 35
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CSS Times Climate Change 36
About the Stockholm conference:

· The United Nations Conference on
the Human Environment was held in
Stockholm between June 5 to June 16,
1972.
· It was the first such worldwide
convergence on planetary
(Stockholm+50) is an international meeting environment, with the theme 'Only
convened by the United Nations General One Earth'.
Assembly to be held in Stockholm, Sweden. · It resulted in the Stockholm
From June 5 to June 16, 1972, countries Declaration which contained
across the world shed a bit of their principles and an Action Plan
sovereignty. The aim was to create a common containing recommendations for
governance structure for the planet's environmental policy.
environment and natural resources. · The three dimensions of this
The occasion was the United Nations conference were:
Conference on the Human Environment in 1. Countries agreeing not to “harm each
Stockholm, the first such worldwide other's environment or the areas
beyond national jurisdiction”.
convergence on planetary environment, with
2. An action plan to study the threat to
the theme 'Only One Earth'.
Earth's environment.
This was the first globally subscribed
3. Establishment of an international body
document that recognised the
called the UN Environment
“interconnections between development, programme (UNEP) to bring in
poverty and the environment.” cooperation among countries.
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Significance and outcomes of the Convention.
Stockholm Conference: · India has signed the Stockholm
· Until 1972, no country had an convention in 2002 and brough it
environment ministry. into force in 2006.
· Norwegian delegates returned from · In Oct 2020, the union cabinet
the conference to set up a ministry approved the Ratification of seven (7)
for the environment. chemicals listed under Stockholm
· Pakistan established the. Ministry of Convention on Persistent Organic
Environment (MoE) in 1975. Pollutants (POPs).
Stockholm Convention: Key points What are POPs?
· UNIDO (United Nations Industrial · POPs are chemicals that remain
Development Organization) is also intact in the environment for long
responsible for supporting periods, become widely distributed
developing countries and countries geographically, accumulate in the
with fatty tissue of humans and wildlife,
economies in transition to implement and have harmful impacts on human
the Stockholm Convention. health or on the environment.
· The Global Environmental Facility · Under Stockholm convention, below
(GEF) is the designated interim are the 12 POPs that were initially
financial mechanism for the considered.
Stockholm
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Important: The earlier given 12 POPs are important for UPSC exam. The 16 POPs are given
only for your reference, you did not need to remember the names of these POPs.
Pakistan signed the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on 6
December 2001 and ratified it on 14 April 2008. A National Implementation Plan for
compliance to the Stockholm Secretariat was submitted on 16 July 2010.
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Principles of the Stockholm declaration
Human-centric (Principles 1 and 15)
· Principle 1: Rights and Responsibilities
for protecting the environment –
Humans have the right to use and
enjoy nature. The right to enjoy nature
is not unfettered, it is coextensive with
the duty to protect it. Art. 21 of the
constitution also safeguards the
fundamental right of a healthy
environment. This principle also
explicitly bars discriminatory laws.
· Principle 15: Human settlement and
Urbanization – Planned settlements
and urbanization are required. They a special responsibility for protecting
wildlife. The inclusion of conservation
reduce the adverse effects on the of wildlife in economic planning leads
environment. The goal is to secure to sustainable development.
maximum benefits for all through · Principle 5: Duty to preserve non-
planning. All discriminatory plans are renewable resources – Non-renewable
also barred. resources are exhaustible. They are
valuable resources. Exercising care and
caution is necessary to prevent them
from depletion
· Principle 13: Rational Management of
Resources – States should adopt
rational methods to manage the
resources and to improve the
environment. An integrated and
coordinated approach is preferable.
· Principle 14: Rational Planning –
Conflicts between development and
conservation are reconciled with
rational planning. Development and
conservation must go hand in hand.
Sustainable development (Principles 2, Reflection on customary international
3, 4, 5, 13 and 14) law position (Principle 21): States
· Principle 2: Duty to protect natural have the absolute authority to use
resources – Natural resources are natural resources according to their
limited. We must use natural resources policies. However, their policies
carefully. Preservation of resources shouldn't violate the principles of
depends on effective planning and international law and cause damage to
management. other states outside its jurisdiction.
· Principle 3: Duty to preserve Preventive actions (Principles 6,7,8 and 18)
renewable resources – Although · Principle 6: Management of pollution
renewable resources are not – Pollution is harmful to the
depletable, their preservation is environment. Discharging toxins and
necessary for their quality. other substances in large quantities
· Principle 4: Wildlife Conservation – A are harmful to the ecosystem. Both the
citizens and the states should play an
combination of factors is responsible
active role in reducing the dumping of
for endangering wildlife. Humans have harmful substances.
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· Principle 7: Management of sea the conservation of the environment.
pollution – The states should reduce It is useful for identifying and
sea pollution by taking necessary steps controlling environmental risks. They
to prevent substances hazardous to are useful for finding solutions for
human health, marine life, and the environmental issues.
legitimate uses of seas Compensation to Victims (Principle 22):
· Principle 8: Social and Economic The States should join to further the
development – The improvement of scope of international law for
social and economic conditions is prescribing liability for those harming
necessary for a better living and the environment. States should also
working environment. Improvements come together to compensate victims
shouldn't affect the environment in of environmental pollution or damage.
any way. Cooperation (Principles 24 and 25)
· Principle 18: Application of science – · Principle 24: Cooperation with nations
Science and technology are – Although each state has exclusive
indispensable in today's life. They are jurisdiction to legislate on internal
used in almost every industry. Science matters, international cooperation is
and technology are also applicable to necessary for the holistic improvement
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conditions is necessary so that people
can jointly tackle environmental
matters.
· Principle 20: Expanding scientific
research – Researching and developing
methods nationally and internationally
is important to tackle environmental
problems. There must exist a system
where information and research can
flow easily across nations. Countries
must also control their spending on
scientific research without burdening
the economy.
of the environment. States must recognize

that environmental problems affect all the
states equally. By multilateral and bilateral
agreements states can control, prevent, and
reduce environmental risks.
· Principle 25: Coordination with
nations – Coordination between states
is crucial for alleviating the existing
conditions. The states can jointly · Principle 9: Environmental
coordinate actions and plans for Deficiencies – Natural disasters and
improving existing environmental underdevelopment lead to
conditions. deficiencies. Navigating through such
· Principle 11: Environmental Policy – deficiencies is difficult. Requesting
The environmental policy of every technological and financial assistance
nation should be progressive. The to supplement the local efforts leads
policies of every state must enhance to a quicker and effective remedy.
and complement each other. The · Principle 10: Stability of prices and
policies shouldn't restrict or adversely incomes – Stability in the prices of
affect developing countries. National essential commodities and stability of
and international organizations should income is essential for the
strive for better living conditions for all environmental management of
without affecting the environment. developing countries. Economic
Other principles: factors are also part of the
· Principle 19: Education in environmental process.
environmental matters – Education is · Principle 12: Education on
one of the tools to spread awareness environmental protection –
about the pathetic state of the Environmental protection is the need
environment. The underprivileged, of the hour. Every citizen should
poor, illiterate should have access to understand the importance of
education. Education broadens the environmental protection. Adoption of
mind. Awareness about the existing a suitable medium like social media,
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print media, etc is crucial to spread
awareness about environmental
protection.
· Principle 16: Population Control – In
areas where the population is
excessive and is likely to affect the
environment, the states can implement
policies to control the growth of the
population. These policies shouldn't
violate basic human rights. In today's
world overpopulation is one of the
major reasons for the depletion of
natural resources. Effects of the convention:
· Principle 17: Setting up of national · The Stockholm convention paved the
institutions – States should establish way for other international
national bodies for the control and conventions on the preservation of the
management of environmental environment such as the Convention
resources within the state. on International Trade in Endangered
· Principle 23: Implementing a national Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, 1973.
agenda – The states may find that In the same line, the Parliament of
certain procedures and rules may not India passed the Air (Prevention and
align the value system of the country. Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the
In that case, the states need not follow Water (Prevention and Control of
such a procedure. The states are also Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Forest
exempted if such procedures cause Conservation Act, 1980 to give effect
unwarranted social costs. to the Stockholm convention.
· The Stockholm convention was the
first convention to discuss
environmental issues on a global scale.
The declaration proclaims truths
relating to man and the environment
such as man is the creator and
moulder of his surroundings.
· The declaration also reiterates the
importance of preservation of the
environment.
· The declaration discusses in detail the
role of underdeveloped nations in
environmental problems and urges
them to reduce their negative impact
on the environment.
· The significance of humans and their
contributions to the environment are
· Principle 26: Ban on nuclear weapons also discussed in detail.
– Nuclear weapons are the most · Governments are directed to control
destructive weapons. They cause more their internal actions by enacting and
damage to the environment than any enforcing environmental laws and to
other weapon. All the nations should coordinate with other nations and
come together to ban nuclear international agencies to mitigate the
weapons. damage caused by pollution
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CSS Times International Organization 45
www.hsmpublishers.com
Composition:
International Day of UN Peacekeepers is 1. UN peacekeepers (often referred to as
observed globally on 29th May. Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because
Theme for 2022: “People. Peace. Progress. of their light blue berets or helmets)
The Power of Partnerships.” can include soldiers, police officers,
Why is it observed on 29th? and civilian personnel.
The first UN peacekeeping mission was
established on 1948, May 29 when the
Security Council deployed a small number of
UN military observers to the Middle East to
form the United Nations Truce Supervision
Organization (UNTSO) with the objective to
monitor the Armistice Agreement between
Israel and its Arab neighbours.
What is peacekeeping? Its significance?
· United Nations Peacekeeping is a joint
effort between the Department of
Peace Operations and the
Department of Operational Support.
· Every peacekeeping mission is
authorized by the Security Council.
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CSS Times International Organization 47
2. Peacekeeping forces are contributed · Every Member State is legally
by member states on a voluntary basis. obligated to pay their respective
3. Civilian staff of peace operations are share towards peacekeeping. This is in
international civil servants, recruited accordance with the provisions of
and deployed by the UN Secretariat. Article 17 of the Charter of the
United Nations.
UN Peacekeeping is guided by three
The top 5 providers of assessed
basic principles:
contributions to United Nations
1. Consent of the parties.
Peacekeeping operations for 2020-2021
2. Impartiality.
are:
3. Non-use of force except in self- 1. United States (27.89%).
defence and defence of the mandate. 2. China (15.21%).
How are UN Peacekeeping operations 3. Japan (8.56%).
funded? 4. Germany (6.09%).
· While decisions about establishing, 5. United Kingdom (5.79%).
maintaining or expanding a
peacekeeping operation are taken Pakistan contributed the highest number
by the Security Council, the overall with 8,230 personnel, followed by
financing of UN Peacekeeping Bangladesh (7,986), India (7,878), Ethiopia
operations is the collective (6,502), Rwanda (4,686), Nigeria (4,684),
responsibility of all UN Member Nepal (4,495), Jordan (3,374), Ghana (2,859),
States. and Egypt (2,750).
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CSS Times Intl Award 48
Martin Ennals Award and tribal rights activist from Jharkhand who
This year's Award Ceremony will be held on 2 June had been arrested in the Bhima Koregaon case.
2022 at 18:00, at the Salle Communale de
Plainpalais in Geneva, Switzerland (Rue de
Carouge 52, 1205 Geneva).
On 19 January 2022, the three Laureates were
announced in an online ceremony that was hosted
by the Martin Ennals Foundation. According to
Hans Thoolen, Chair of the Martin Ennals Award
Jury, the Jury nominated three galvanisers of the
human rights movement and “courage” is the
connecting dot between them.
The three Laureates of the 2022 Martin Ennals
Award for Human Rights Defenders inspire
through their courage and hope
Pham Doan Trang, Daouda Dialo, Abdul-Hadi Al-
Khawaja are three inspiring and courageous human
rights defenders from Vietnam, Burkina Faso and
Bahrain who have been named the 2022 Martin
Ennals Award Laureates. Pham Doan Trang is a leading journalist, editor
· Given by the Martin Ennals Foundation, and democracy advocate in Vietnam who is
based in Geneva, Switzerland. extremely vocal on issues pertaining to democracy
· It is regarded as the Nobel Prize for human
and fundamental rights. She was arrested in 2020
rights defenders. and sentenced to 9 years in prison for her courage to
This year it was awarded posthumously to raise awareness about human rights and to promote
pay homage to Father Stan Swamy, a freedom of speech and access to information.
Jesuit priest
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CSS Times Intl Award 49
What is the Martin Ennals Award?

Since 1994, the Martin Ennals Award (MEA)
honours human rights defenders from around the
world who show exceptional commitment to
promoting fundamental rights, often at the risk of
their own lives. The Award is given to human rights
Dr. Daouda Diallo is a pharmacist-turned-human
defenders in urgent need of protection – for
rights activist in Burkina Faso who fearlessly
example, who are in jail or threatened with
documents human rights violations committed
imprisonment, who are harassed while doing their
against civilians who are caught between violent
job or have gone missing. The Award seeks to
attacks by government forces, local paramilitary
protect these defenders by mobilising international
groups and Islamist factions. His work that is
s upport for them and highlighting their
related to investigations and reporting of human
contributions in the media. The presentation of the
rights abuses have caused him to be the subject of
Award is accompanied by support for advocacy and
numerous serious threats, including death threats.
outreach activities, as well as capacity-building and
prize money.
Who was Martin Ennals?
Martin Ennals was a British human rights activist
and social entrepreneur. He was Secretary General
of Amnesty International from 1968 to 1980.
During his tenure, the organisation was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize, the Erasmus Prize and the
United Nations Human Rights Prize. Martin Ennals
also contributed to the creation of several other non-
governmental organisations: A RT I C L E19,
International Alert and HURIDOCS. The Martin
Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders was
created in 1992. The Award was officially launched
Abdul-Hadi Al-Khawaja from Bahrain is a
in June 1993 at the World Conference on Human
leading figure in the human rights movement in the
Rights in Vienna.
Gulf region and worked tirelessly for many years to
promote democratic reform in the MENA region.
His political and human rights activism led him to
become a shining light during the Arab Spring
where he led peaceful protests and engaged on
democratic reform. He was tortured and sentenced
to life in prison in 2011 and will this year be
spending his birthday in detention for the 11th time.
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CSS Times Awards 51
Palme d'Or
The Palme d'Or is considered one of the most prestigious awards in the film
industry.
The winner – 2022: The Swedish satire Triangle of Sadness, directed by Ruben
Östlund.
It is awarded to the film adjudged the best among those contending at the
Cannes Film Festival.
· Cannes is one of the “big five” international film festivals — the other
four being the Venice Film Festival, the Berlin International Film Festival, the
Toronto International Film Festival and the Sundance Film Festival.
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CSS Times Prize 52
The International Booker Prize

2022
Tomb of Sand, written by Geetanjali Shree and translated by Daisy

Rockwell, has won the 2022 International Booker Prize for Translated
Fiction.
· It is awarded annually for a single book, translated into English and
published in the UK or Ireland.
· This prize aims to encourage more reading of quality fiction from all
over the world and has already had an impact on those statistics in the
UK.
· The vital work of translators is celebrated, with the £50,000 prize
money divided equally between the author and translator.
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CSS Times International World Day 53
· Celebrated annually on 20 May globally.

· The day is observed on the anniversary of signing the
famous Metre Convention in the year 1875 in Paris,
· Theme for 2022: Metrology in the Digital Era.
· The Day is organised jointly by The International
Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML) and Bureau
International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM).
Metre Convention:
· It was signed in Paris on 20 May 1875 by representatives
of 17 nations.
· The treaty created the International Bureau of
Weights and Measures (BIPM), an intergovernmental
organization under the authority of the General
Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) and
the supervision of the International Committee for
Weights and Measures (CIPM).
· The Convention was signed in Paris on 20 May 1875 by
representatives of seventeen nations.
· It aims to set the framework for collaboration in
science and measurements globally.
· Metrology is called the scientific study of
measurement.
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CSS Times ILO Report 2022 55
ILO: Frame policies to protect LGBTIQ+ Workers

· A document released by the International Labour Organisation (ILO)
on “Inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and
queer (LGBTIQ+) persons in the “world of work” recommended
member countries, employers' organisations and representatives of
workers to launch social protection programmes to remove barriers
that LGBTIQ+ persons face in society.
(LGBTIQ+):
· LGBTQ is an acronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer
or questioning.
· These terms are used to describe a person's sexual orientation or
gender identity.
International Labour Organization (ILO): It is the only tripartite U.N.
agency that brings together governments, employers and workers of 187
member States.It was established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an
affiliated agency of the League of Nations.It became the first affiliated
specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946. Headquarters:
Geneva, Switzerland
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CSS Times CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 56
National & International

MCQs
Publishers
CURRENT
May
2022
1 Which cricketer received Sitara-e- 2 Who is first women to become SSP
Pakistan on 30 May 2022? Operations Lahore?
(a) Chris Gayle (a) Nasreen Jaleel
(b) Daren Sammy (b) Dr. Anoosh Masood Chaudhry
(c) Brian Lara (c) Dr. Sania Nishter
(d) None of These (d) None of These
Answer: (b)
Answer: (b)
Former West Indian captain Darren Sammy has In a first, Punjab inspector general of police has
received the civil award 'Sitara-e-Pakistan' for appointed a woman police officer as senior
his excellent contributions to the revival of superintendent (SSP) of Lahore's operations
Pakistan cricket. The 38-year-old who wing, besides reshuffling six other officers. Dr
represented West Indies in 38 Tests, 126 ODIs, Anoosh Masood Chaudhry has been
and 68 T20Is, has been one of the best captains appointed head of the Lahore operations
that the world has seen in the T20 format and police vice Mustansar Feroz, who has been
he captained a lot of franchises around the directed to report to the Central Police Office
world. (CPO) for further order.
Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |Jun 2022 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com
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3 Largest Tea Importer of the World is the 2013 elections. After the removal of Nawaz
__________? Sharif, former prime minister Shahid Khaqan
(a) USA Abbasi included him in his cabinet and made
(b) Pakistan him the federal minister for Education and
(c) India Professional Training.
(d) Bangladesh 5 When Nasreen Jalil appointed as governor
Answer: (b) of Sindh?
(a) May 12, 2022
(b) May 10, 2022
(c) May 8, 2022
(d) None of These
Answer: ©
In 2020, Pakistan was the leading tea importing

country in the world, with imports valued at
approximately 590 million U.S. dollars. The
United States ranked in second that year, with
a tea import value of about 474 million U.S.
dollars.
4 Who is the current governor Punjab?
(a) Chaudhry Sarwar
(b) Omer Sarfraz Cheema
(c) Baligh ur Rehman
(d) Malik Rafiq Rajwana Born in Lahore, Nasreen Jalil spent two years of
Answer: © schooling in London at the age of 12. She spent
a year of studies in Paris and then completed a
degree in English Literature (Hons.) from
Karachi University. Besides, she also held a
commercial pilot license.Jalil joined politics as a
political worker of Mohajir Qaumi Movement
(MQM) in 1988. She started working from the
grass-root level of the party and was gradually
assigned different tasks. She also brought out
an English newsletter on MQM twice a month.
6 Which High Court recently declared e-
challans illegal?
Baligh-ur-Rehman belongs to District (a) Peshawar High Court
Bahawalpur. He was elected from the NA-185 (b) Islamabad High Court
constituency in 2008 and 2013 and served as (c) Lahore High Court
the state minister for Education, Interior and (d) None of These
Narcotics Control when Nawaz Sharif became Answer: (c)
the prime minister after the PMLN's victory in
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
(d) None of These
Answer: (b)
The Lahore High Court (LHC) declared e-

ticketing challans as illegal which are being
operated through the Safe Cities Authority Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif has announced
cameras. The lawyer pleaded that Safe City a new relief package worth 28 billion PKR ($140
Authority's move to issue e-challans should be million) per month to mitigate the impact of
declared null and void. the increase in the prices of petroleum
7 Taliban has signed a deal with which products on the lower-income people of the
nation to run the airports in Afghanistan? country.
(a) China 9 Who has been re-elected as the Director-
(b) Russia General of the World Health Organisation?
(c) UAE (a) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
(d) Israel (b) Roberta Metsola
Answer: © (c) Ursula von der Leyen
(d) António Guterres
Answer: (a)
The Taliban has signed an agreement with the

United Arab Emirates to run airports in Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus was re-
Afghanistan. This was informed by Taliban's elected as WHO Director-General for a second
transportation and civil aviation minister. The five-year term on May 24, 2022 by WHO
deal has been reached after months of talks Member states during the 75th World Health
with the UAE, Turkey and Qatar. Assembly. He was the sole candidate for the
8 How much of a relief package Prime post of W H O Chief. Tedros Adhanom
Minister Shehbaz Sharif announced in May Ghebreyesus had become the first African to
2022? take over as the WHO Chief in 2017. He
(a) Rs22 billion formerly served as the Foreign Minister of
(b) Rs28 billion Ethiopia from 2012-2016 and as the health
(c) Rs38 billion Minister from 2005-2012.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
10 Pakistan has been ranked at which an image and then selecting the 'Search Image
position on the WEF Travel and Tourism with Google Lens'. The feature is becoming less
Development Index 2021? difficult to use now within the Chrome browser
(a) 47th on the desktop.
(b) 83rd 12 Who is the Current IG of KPK police?
(c) 58th (a) Salahuddin Khan Mehsud
(d) 89th (b) Moazzam Jah Ansari
Answer: (b (c) Nasir Khan Durrani
(d) Sanaullah Abbasi
Answer: (b)
The latest edition of the international travel and Moazzam Jah Ansari as a senior police officer
tourism competitive index titled “Rebuilding has vast and rich experience and has attended
for a Sustainable and Resilient Future,” Pakistan many training courses in the country and
has been ranked 83rd, which is up from 89th abroad.
place in the index's previous edition of 2019. 13 Who has been sworn in as Australia's 31st
11 Which year was Google Lens launched on Prime Minister?
the desktop through Google Chrome? (a) Anthony Albanese
(a) 2020 (b) Anthony Albert
(b) 2019 (c) Alex Hawke
(c) 2021 (d) Stuart Robert
(d) 2022 Answer: (a)
Answer: ©
Google lens, the powerful image recognition

software, was launched on the desktop
through the Google Chrome browser in 2021. It
had been available on mobile for long. It can be
accessed on the desktop by right-clicking on
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
CSS Times World Index 61
WEF Travel and Tourism Development Index:

Released by: World Economic Forum.
This index is the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index's direct
evolution, having been published biennially for the last 15 years.
· In the 2021 index, Pakistan has been ranked at 83rd place in the latest
edition. In 2019, Pakistan had ranked at 89th position.
· Six points increase in the raking of Pakistan on global travel and tourism
index is quite a significant progress.
· The World Economic Forum's (WEF) ranked India 54th position (down from
46th in 2019)
·The top place has been grabbed by Japan.

The country is followed by the United States,
Spain, France, and Germany respectively.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
Anthony Albanese was sworn in as Australia's (b) May 22nd
31st Prime Minister in a brief ceremony at (c) May 23rd
Government House, Canberra on May 23, 2022, (d) May 25th
hours before he was scheduled to fly to Japan Answer: ©
to attend QUAD Leaders' Summit 2022. His World Turtle Day is celebrated every year on
Labour Party defeated Scott Morrison's May 23 globally to raise awareness about
conservative government in an election on May helping turtles survive and thrive in their
21, 2022. He has become the first Italian natural habitat. The objective of World Turtle
Australian to become Prime Minister of the Day 2022 is also to educate people about the
country, bringing an end to almost a decade of things that they can do to protect the habitats
conservative rule in Australia. of turtles as well as tortoises. Turtles date back
14 Which nation is hosting QUAD Summit to the time of dinosaurs, which is over 200
2022? million years ago.
(a) Indonesia 16 Which country has become the first
(b) Japan countr y to introduce compulsor y
(c) Australia monkeypox quarantine?
(d) United States (a) Germany
Answer: (b) (b) Denmark
(c) Belgium
(d) Spain
Answer: ©
The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD), a

strategic security dialogue between, Australia,
Japan, India and the United States, will be
hosted by Japan. Belgium has become the first country in the
15 When is World Tur tle Day 2022 world to make 21-day quarantine compulsory
observed? for the Monkeypox patients. The decision came
(a) May 21st after four cases of the disease were reported
last week in the country. The Belgian Institute
of Tropical Medicine said that the risk of a
larger outbreak in the country is low.
17 Which country blocked the move to fast-
track Finland and Sweden's bids to join
NATO?
(a) Italy
(b) Israel
(c) Turkey
(d) Germany
Answer: (c)
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
19 When is World Bee Day observed?
(a) May 15th
(b) May 17th
(c) May 19th
(d) May 20th
Answer: (d)
Turkey has blocked the move to fast-track

Finland and Sweden's formal bids to join the
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO).
Sweden and Finland, two historically non-
aligned Nordic countries, formally submitted
their applications to join NATO on May 18th.
Turkey has accused Sweden and Finland of
harbouring terrorists, the members of Kurdish
militant groups that Turkey considers as
terrorist organisations. The World Bee Day is observed every year on
18 Which nation plans to launch world's May 20 to raise awareness about the essential
first search for habitable planets through roles that bees play in supporting the people
space telescope? and the environment. The day is celebrated to
(a) Germany mark the fact that bees are one of the most
(b) Israel hardworking creatures and they are extremely
(c) UAE beneficial for the people and the natural
(d) China ecosystem around them.
Answer: (d) 20 When is International Day for Biological
Diversity observed?
(a) May 21st
(b) May 22nd
(c) May 23rd
(d) May 24th
Answer: (b)
Chinese scientists have proposed a project

named Closeby Habitable Exoplanet Survey
(CHES) to hunt for habitable Earth-like planets
outside our solar system through a space
telescope. This is will be the world's first space
mission specially designed to search for
habitable planets in the universe.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
The International Day for Biological Diversity is
observed annually across the globe on May 22,
2022. This day is observed to generate
awareness about the biodiversity issues that
are overwhelming the world.
21 Which country plans to limit the amount
of foreign currency held by individuals?
(a) Bangladesh
(b) Pakistan
(c) Russia
(d) Sri Lanka
Answer: (d)
23 Elisabeth Borne has been appointed as

the first female Prime Minister in 30 years
of which nation?
(a) Denmark
(b) Sweden
(c) France
(d) Ital
Sri Lanka has decided to lower the amount of Answer: ©
foreign currency that individuals can hold to
$10,000 from $15,000. The Sri Lankan
government will penalize anyone who holds
foreign currency for more than three months
by making it against the law. This was
announced by the island nation's central bank
chief on May 19, 2022 amid the country's worst
economic crisis.
22 When is International Museum Day
observed?
(a) May 15th
(b) May 16th
(c) May 17th
(d) May 18th Elisabeth Borne was picked by the French
Answer: (d) President Emmanuel Macron on May 16, 2022,
International Museum Day is observed as his new Prime Minister as he prepared for
annually on May 18 to celebrate museums that the legislative elections in June this year. It is
hold so much information about science, the second time in 30 years that a woman has
history, and culture. The day aims to raise been appointed for the topmost position. The
awareness about the values of museums as the former Prime Minister of France Jean Castex
means of important cultural exchange, handed over his resignation, earlier in the day,
development of mutual understanding, paving way for a cabinet overhaul after
cooperation and peace among people. Macron's re-election in April 2022.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
CSS Times Intergovernmental Military Alliance 65
Collective Security Treaty Organization
· It is an intergovernmental military alliance (six countries) that came into effect in

2002.
· Its origin can be traced to the Collective Security Treaty, 1992 (Tashkent Treaty).
· The headquarters is located in the Russian capital of Moscow.
· The objectives of the CSTO is to strengthen peace, international and regional security
including cybersecurity and stability, the protection on a collective basis of the
independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of the member states.
Composition:
Current CSTO members are Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Russian Federation
and Tajikistan.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
24 Which country has joined Finland in
formally signing request to join NATO
membership?
(a) Switzerland
(b) Australia
(c) Cyprus
(d) Sweden
Answer: (d)
26 Who won men's singles final at Roland

Garros 2022?
Sweden on May 17, 2022 signed a formal (a) Rafael Nadal
request to join the North Atlantic Treaty (b) Alexander Zverev
Organisation (NATO). This comes just a day (c) Casper Ruud
after the country announced it would seek
NATO membership. Finland's Parliament has (d) Novak Djokovic
also overwhelmingly supported a bid to join Answer: (a)
NATO. The NATO Alliance consists of 30
independent member countries.
25 The 171st birth anniversary of Angelo
Moriondo was observed on June 6. He is
known as the Godfather of which among the
following inventions?
(a) Hair Dryer
(b) Typewriter
(c) Expresso Machine
(d) Light Bulb
Answer: ©
The 171st birth anniversary of Angelo
Moriondo, an inventor of the Espresso
Machine, was celebrated by Google with an The clay court champion Rafael Nadal has won
interesting Doodle on June 6, 2022. Google his 14th French Open title and 22nd Grand
honored the Godfather of Espresso Machine Slam after beating first-time Grand Slam
with an animated Doodle, which is a delight, finalist Casper Ruud in the men's singles final
particularly for Coffee lovers. Angelo Moriondo on June 5, 2022. Nadal beat the 23-year
was credited for patenting the earliest known Norwegian tennis player in three straight sets
Espresso Machine back in 1884. of 6-3, 6-3, 6-0 to claim the Roland Garros title.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
27 Which band has won the most Billboard Indonesia has won the Thomas Uber Cup a
Music Awards in history? total of 14 times and are the most successful
(a) Destiny's Child team, followed by China that has won the cup 9
(b) Bruno Mars times. The only other nations that have lifted
(c) BTS the cup besides Indonesia and China include
(d) Jonas Brothers Malaysia, Japan, Denmark and now India.
Answer: © 29 Who was sworn in as the new President of
South Korea on May 10?
(a) Yoon Suk-Yeol
(b) Lee Jae Myung
(c) Choo Mi Ae
(d) Park Yong Jin
Answer: (a)
BTS has now overtaken Destiny's Child to

become the group to win the most Billboard
Music Awards in history. The K-pop group
holds 12 Billboard Music Awards against
Destiny's Child's 11 awards. They created
history by winning 3 out of 6 awards they were
nominated for at the Billboard Music Awards Yoon Suk-Yeol was sworn in as the new
2022 Awards. They won Top Selling Song, Top President of South Korea on May 10, 2022. He
Duo/Group, and Top Song Sales Artist for their called for the complete denuclearization of
super hit song 'Butter'. North Korea during his swearing-in ceremony.
28 Which country has won the Thomas Cup He described North Korea's weapons as a
most number of times? threat to regional and global security.
(a) China 30 Which nation's health agency has
(b) Indonesia confirmed a case of Monkeypox?
(c) Thailand (a) India
(d) Malaysia (b) US
Answer: (b) (c) UK
(d) South Africa
Answer: (c)
UK Health Security Agency confirmed that an
individual has been diagnosed with
monkeypox in England. The patient has a
recent travel history from Nigeria, where the
virus is believed to have been contracted.
Monkeypox is a rare viral infection that does
not spread easily between individuals. The
infected individual is being treated at an expert
disease unit in London.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
(d) Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Answer: (a)
Five-time Sri Lankan PM, Ranil

Wickremesinghe, has returned to helm the
post amid the nation's worst economic and
31 Who among the following won Pulitzer political crisis. He was reappointed to the post
Prize 2022 in the Feature Photography of Prime Minister by President Gotabaya
category? Rajapaksa after the resignation of former PM
(a) Danish Siddiqui Mahinda Rajapaksa. The 73-year-old heads the
(b) Lisa Falkenberg United National Party and had refused to join
(c) Michael Lindenberger the President's unity government.
(d) The Journalists of Ukraine 33 When does Russia celebrate Victory Day
Answer: (a) every year?
(a) May 9th
(b) May 10th
(c) May 11th
(d) May 22nd
Answer: (a)
Danish Siddiqui, a Reuters photographer was

posthumously awarded a Pulitzer Award 2022
along with Amit Dave, Sana Irshad Mattoo, and
Adnan Abidi for their images of COVID's toll in
India. Siddiqui died in 2021 while covering a
clash between the Afghan Special forces and
Taliban insurgents.
32 Who has been appointed as the new
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka?
(a) Ranil Wickremesinghe
(b) Sanath Jayasuriya
(c) Chamal Rajapaksa
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
Russia celebrates 'Victory Day' every year on (d) Jonny Bairstow
May 9. Victory Day is one of the most Answer: (b)
significant national holidays in Russia as it
marks the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi
Germany during the Second World War.
Victory Day is celebrated in Russia with a
massive military parade and other festivities
organised on this day to celebrate the victory
over the Nazis.
34 Which country reported its first-ever
case of COVID-19 on May 12, 2022?
(a) North Korea
(b) South Korea
(c) Taiwan
(d) New Zealand
Answer: (a) Joe Root has become the first English player to
complete 17000 runs in International cricket.
He scored an unbeaten 115 runs in 170 balls
while chasing a target of 277 runs to lead his
team to a 5-wicket win over New Zealand in the
first Test at Lord's to take a 1-0 lead in the three
match Test series. The former England Test
skipper also became the second English player
and 14th overall to complete 10000 runs in Test
cricket.
36 How many teams will compete in ICC
Men's T20 World Cup 2024?
(a) 16
(b) 18
North Korea reported its first-ever COVID-19
case on May 12, 2022. North Korean leader Kim (c) 20
Jong Un has declared a 'Severe National (d) 24
Emergency', vowing to eliminate the virus from Answer: ©
the country. Kim Jong Un has also called for
tighter border controls and lockdown
measures and told the citizens to completely
block the spread of the virus by blocking their
areas in all cities and counties across the
country. North Korea was one of the few
countries in the world that had not reported a
single case of COVID-19 since the outbreak of
the pandemic in 2020.
35 Who has become the first England player
to complete 17,000 runs in International The ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 featuring
cricket? record 20 teams will take place in the USA and
(a) Joss Butler the West Indies. The ICC T20 World Cup 2024
pathway will begin from June with the first set
(b) Joe Root of qualifying events scheduled to be held in
(c) Ben Stokes Europe.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
CSS Times Places in News 70
Sievierodonetsk:
Russia has shifted its focus on Sievierodonetsk after failing to seize Ukraine's capital, Kyiv, in
the first phase of the war.
About Sievierodonetsk:
· Located nearly 140 km south of the Russian border, Sievierodonetsk is one of the largest
cities of the Donbas region.
· It is located near the left bank of the Siverskyi Donets river, and has a population of
over a lakh.
· Administratively, Sievierodonetsk falls under Ukraine's Luhansk oblast (province).
· It is a big industrial hub known for chemical works and machine-building factories.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
37 Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan was Scientists have grown plants in the soil
the President of which country? collected from Moon, which is a historic first in
(a) UAE human history and a major milestone in space
(b) Saudi Arabia exploration. The experiment was jointly
(c) Oman undertaken by NASA and researchers from the
(d) Bahrain University of Florida. The researchers used
Answer: (a) lunar soil samples collected by Apollo 11, 12,
and 17 missions to grow Arabidopsis, a relative
of mustard greens. A gram of lunar soil was
used to grow each plant.
39 Which nation has rejected India's wheat
consignment?
(a) Israel
(b) US
(c) Turkey
(d) Hungary
Answer: ©
UAE President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al

Nahyan passed away at the age of 73 on May
13, 2022. Sheikh Khalifa Al Nahyan was serving
as the president of the UAE and Ruler of Abu
Dhabi since November 2004. He was the
country's second president, succeeding his
father Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan in
November 2004.
38 Scientists have grown plants in the soil
collected from which among the following
Turkey has denied permission to an Indian
celestial bodies?
Wheat consignment over phytosanitary
(a) Saturn
concerns over the wheat export. The latest
(b) Moon
move by the Turkish authorities prompted a
(c) Mars
ship to initiate its return journey on May 29,
(d) Jupiter
2022.
Answer: (b)
40 Israel has signed its first free trade deal
with which Arab country?
(a) Qatar
(b) UAE
(c) Saudi Arabia
(d) Oman
Answer: (b)
Israel signed a free trade deal with the United
Arab Emirates, its first with an Arab country,
building on their normalisation of relations in
2020.
Monthly
HSM
Jun 2022
(d) Washington Post
Answer: (d)
The Washington Post won the Pulitzer Prize

2022 for covering the assault on Capitol on
41 Which nation will host the 2027 SEA January 6, 2021. The Staff of the Miami Herald
Games? won the Pulitzer in the Breaking News
(a) Indonesia Reporting category for covering the collapse of
(b) Australia Seaside apartment towers in Florida and Corey
(c) Malaysia G. Johnson, Rebecca Woolington, and Eli
(d) Maldives Murray of the Tampa Bay Times won the prize in
Answer: © Investigative Reporting for exposing highly
toxic hazard inside only battery recycling plant
in Florida.
43 Who has become the first tennis player to
beat both Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic
at same clay-court event?
(a) Alexander Zverev
(b) Stefanos Tsitsipas
(c) Andrey Rublev
(d) Carlos Alcaraz
Answer: (d)
Teenager Carlos Alcaraz became the first tennis
player to beat Rafael Nadal and Novak
Djokovic at same clay-court event after he
Malaysia will host the 2027 SEA Games, while registered 6-7(5), 7-5, 7-6(5) win over Novak
Singapore will host the 2029 edition. The Djokovic to book his place in the Madrid Open
announcement was made on May 12, 2022 final on May 7th. He beat Rafael Nadal in the
hours before the opening ceremony of the quarterfinals to pave way for the biggest win of
delayed 2021 event in Vietnam. Olympic his career against world no. 1 Djokovic in the
Council of Malaysia president Norza Zakaria semifinals. He went on to win the men's singles
said in a statement that SEA Games Federation event after beating Alexander Zverev in the
"unanimously" awarded his country the event finals.
for the seventh time at a meeting at a Hanoi
hotel.
42 Which media organisation was awarded
the Pulitzer Prize 2022 in the Public Service
category?
(a) New York Times
(b) Al Jazeera
(c) Reuters
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2022 Global Report ILO Monkeypox

On Food Crises Monitor on the World Virus

Pakistan’s First Monthly E-Magazine for Civil Services Aspirants

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The Lahore High Court (LHC) declared e-

The Taliban has signed an agreement with the

Google lens, the powerful image recognition

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The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD), a

Turkey has blocked the move to fast-track

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23 Elisabeth Borne has been appointed as

· It is an intergovernmental military alliance (six countries) that came into eﬀect in

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Danish Siddiqui, a Reuters photographer was

UAE President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al

The Washington Post won the Pulitzer Prize

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