UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY A 2 BACHELOR OF PHARMACY MIDSEMESTER EXAMINATION = a HUMAN ANATOMY UPC 106 GO TIME: 1 HOUR 11 November, 2019 the cell membrane? 1. Which of the following statements is true regardir A. Isaprotein bilayer structure B. The middle layer is hydrophilic © It participates in cell to cell signalling D. Sodium/Potassium pump is an example of symport 2. Functional categories of cell membrane proteins include all the following EXCEPT? A. Channels B. Enzymes C. Receptors ® Hormones . 39 Which organelle is key during anaphase? ®@® Centrioles B. lysosome C. Golgi bodies D. Secretory vesicle 4. The cellular genetic material is commonly stored in form of. in the @ Chromatin; nucleus B. Chromatin; nucleolus ee C. Chromosomes; nucleus D. Chromosomes; nucleolus 7 Which cytoskeleton is targeted by some anticancer drugs to inhibit cell division? @ Microtubules 8. Microfilaments Ce C. Intermediate tubules D. Intermediate filaments Properties of epithelial cells include: A. GO phase 8. High vascularity ————— © compacted cells D. Abundant matrix 2 _ Choose the correct match regarding bone cell type and its role: A. Osteoclast - bone formation 8. Osteoblasts - bone stem cells C Osteoprogenitor— bone resorption Osteocytes ~ maintain bone matrix8. Which type of connective tissue is in tendons? A. Loose connective tissue B. Specialized connective tissue © Dense regular connective tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue 9. Choose the epithelial type that is CORRECTLY matched with its site of occurrence 8 Simple columnar ~ trachea Stratified squamous - tongue ~ C. Transitional epithelium — epididymis oo D. Pseudostratified columnar ~ endometriu 10, Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilais found in the: ® Vas deferens 8. Tracheal epithelium C. Olfactory epithelium _—— s D. Allthe above 11. Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium is not found in which site? é Endocervix : Vocal cords C. Vaginal canal & D. Corneal epithelium ’ 12. Smooth muscle is found in all the following sites except? Ciliary body . Tracheal wall © Myometrium D. Abdominal wall 13. Microvilli are a characteristic feature of: A. Fibroblasts 8. Endocrine cells : C. Contractile cells © Avsorptive cells 14. Which of the following is not a connective tissue fibre? ‘A. Elastic fibres ® Purkinje fibres C. Collagen fibres D. Reticular fibres 15. Organ incorrectly matched with its macrophage is: ‘A. Spinal cord ~ Microglia 8B. Spleen — Dendritic cells © skin—Langerhans'scells A 7 Lung - Pneumocyte type Il cells 16. Which cartilage type is INCORRECTLY matched with its site: Elastic ~ tracheal rings B. Hyaline — articular cartilage © Fibrocartilage ~ articular discs D. Cellular cartilage — foetal skeletonCartilage is found in all the following except? Rib cage Erect penis C. Ends of long bones od © Neonatal skull base 18 The — = is the functional unit of skeletal muscle ® sarcomere C. Motor unit D. Neuromuscula! ‘ction 19. Onge a feature UNIQUE to cardiac muscle: Automaticity A B._Gross striations Branching of fibers D. Centrally located nucleus 20. All are features of skeletal muscle cells except? A. Are multinucleated B. Have cross striations C. Have peripheral nuck © Are functionally syncytial . 21. In umans, which meiotic phase has the longest duration ‘A. Anaphase | in males B, Prophase Il in males © Prophasein femal 'D. Anaphase Ilin females 22. Which cells support sperms and prevent antibodies from binding with the sperms? ® Sertoli cells B. Leydig cells . Spermat D. White blood cells 23, What would be a direct result of an enzymatic deficiency on the acrosome? Egg would not complete met tr 'B._ Implantation ma} imuterine tube C. Spe cid not become primary spermagocyte * D. Primary spermatocyte would not become secondary spermatocyte 24, In Turner's syndrome: the individual (male) inherits two ¥ chromosomes B._The individual (mélé)oherits two X chromosomes ©The individual (male) inherits only one Y chromosome _ i The individual (female) inherits only one X chromosome ial lining during implantation? 25, Which of the following structures attaches on A. Moruia B, Gastrula Q@ Late blasto’ D. Early blastocystPt 26. Fertilization of one ovum by two sperms may lead to: ‘A. Twin pregnancy 8. Triplet pregnancy isomy syndrome OX vv syndrome 27. A 20-year old Sexually active female presents with ‘severe abdominal pain on the right side with signs of abdominal bleeding. She indicates having missed her last menstrual period. Which of the foliowing disorders must be included as an option in the diagnosis? 7 A. Ovarian cancer B. Acute appendicitis C. Normal pregnancy © Ectopic tubal breerancy 28. Where are the excretory units of the urinary system derived from? ys eri B. Splanchnic mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm © intermediate m: ih 2% Oligohydramnios may be caused by: A. Anencephaly Renal agenesis, . Esophageal atresia Maltiple pregnancy A 30. Fora typical 28-day menstrual cycle, what portion ofthe ovarian and uterine cycles, respectively, correspond to day 21? Luteal; Secretory 8. luteal; Proliferati C. Follicular; Secreto ‘ D. Follicular; Proliferative 31. During pregnancy hormones are responsible for maintaining pregnancy. What kind of hormonal imbalances can lead to miscarriages during pregnancy? ‘A. Decreasing levels of oxytocin 8. Increasing levels of estrogens Early degeneration of corpustetéum D. Stimulation Tone secretory tissues 32, Which hormonal change is linked with the menses period of uterine cycle? A. Increased secretion of estrogens ©) Decreased levels of progesterone and éstrogens - * C. Increased secrétion of progesterone by the corpus luteum 7 i izing hormone ~ D. Increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteini 33. Monochorionic diamniotic twins result from separation ofthe embryonic cells at what stage of development? A. Zygote stage B. Morula stage C. Gastrulation stat © implantation stage34. The arise from ectopic migration of the primordial germ cells from the yolk sac A Teratomas + *B. Chordomas C. Urachal a © Mecke'’s divertidthum 35. The human somatic cell: Contain sex chromosomes. @ Has 23 chromosomes in total C. Undergoes both mitosis and meiosis D. Contains a hapl mber of chromosomes 36. The placental anomaly commonly associated with retained placenta is? ‘A. Placenta previa @ Placenta percreta C. Placenta abruption D. Placenta s a 37. How long are the sperms viable within the female reproductive tract? A. 2-3hours a 2-3 days © 23 weeks D. 2-3months 38. Ghoose the correct sequence of neurulation process: ‘A. Notochord > Neural tube > Neural plate -> Neural groove > Neural fold ® Notochord > Neural pla ‘Ural groove -> Neural fold -> Neural tube C. Neural plate" chord +> Neural groove -> Neural fold > Neural tube D. Neural plate + Neural tube > Notochord > Neural groove -> Neural fold 39. Functions of the notochord include: A. Induces gastrulation B. Gives rise to chordomas © Defines the embryonic a D. Become: ral column 40. The lower end of the neural tube normally develops into the: ® Spinal cord B. Lumbar spine C Sacrurp and coccyx D. Spina bi formation 41. Which of the following is not a rotator cuff muscle: @. Supraspinatus b. Infraspinatus © Teres major 4. Teres42. Branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus include: a, Lateral pectoral nerve b. Lateral cutaneous nerve of the © Lateral cutaneous nerve of the(fyfearm 4, Lateral axillary nerve 43. Which of the following is not a part of the scapula a. Medial angle b. Posterior angle c. Inferior angle of @ Lateral angle ( 44. Which of the following muscles supinates the forearm? Brachialis b. Pronator teres & Pronator quadratus of d. Biceps brachii 45. Which ofthe following arteries supplies the skin over the thenar eminence? @ Median nerve b. Ulna Nerve ©. Radial nerve . Posterior interosseous nerve 46. Contents of the carpal tunnel include a. Median nerve b. Ulna nerve c. Ulna Artery of Radial artery 47. The following muscles are innervated by femoral nerve EXCEPT a. Vastus Medialis b. Sartorious © Pectineus oe 4. Vastus intermedius 48. Which is NOT a content of the Adductor canal a. Nerve to Vastus Medialis b. Femoral artery ’ ¢. Femoral Vein a @ Femoral nerve 49. The following is a ligament of the knee joint a. Medial menisci (© The anterior cruciate ligament €. Posterior collateral ligament 7 4. Lateral menisci 50. Name the muscles attached 1. Rectus femoris b. liofemoral ligament Sartorious 4-Tliacus 51. Which ofthe following is NOT found in the peed tegion a. Gluteus Maximus © Obturator externus ¢. Obturator intemus d. Gluteus medius to anterior superior iliac spine23. The area for deep intramuscular gluteal injection is Superolateral 5. Superomedial c. Inferolateral d. Inferomedial 53. Which is NOT a muscle of the superficial posterior leg compartment a, Gastrocnemius j b. Soleus Popliteus a alis posterior 34, Xbout ankle joint movement which is correctly matched MUSCLE MENT a, Tibialis Anterior Plantar Flexion , Gastrocnemius Dorsi Flexion © Peroneus Longus Eversion d. Peroneus brevis Inversion 58. Which is NOT a tarsal bone a. Calcaneus b. Talus © Hamate d. Cuneiform 36. Which nerve injury is associated with wrist drop a. Axillary © Radial ¢. Ulnar Median 57. Which muscle is located in the medial wall of the axilla a, Pectoralis Major b. Pectoralis minor © Subscapularis _ACSerratus anterior 58. Which in Not a ligament of the elbow joint a. Annular b. Medial collateral c. Lateral collateral @ Triceps tendon 59. Regarding the hypothenar muscles, the following is true . They are supplied by the ulnar nerve . They are supplied by the median ne! c. They are supplied by the radiattierve . They are supplie ‘three nerves 60. Which of the following group of muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve in the upper limb a. The triceps branchii b. The subclavius and Subscay c. the teres minor and major @Biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialisBScN and B.Pharm Registration number:——————__ UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2018/2019 DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY MID SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION TOW: REE OF PHARMACY (BI AND BACHELOR OF SCIE! NURSING ‘UPC 106/HNS 101: HUMAN ANATOMY DATE: 23/01/2019 TIME: 9,00 A.M. ~ 11.00 A.M. 1, ONLY ANSWER IS CORRECT 2. CIRCLE THE CORRECT ANSWER USING AN INK PEN Question 1 Which is INCORRECT regarding the cell cycle? a) Gi, - primary growth phasex b) S—synthesis; DNA replicated. ©). Go - secondary growth phase « d) M-mitosis . ‘Question 2 Which of the following is a correct definition of METAPHASE? a) Chromatin condenses 1b), Chromosomes move to the midline ¢) Chromosomes reach to the pole . 4) Centrosomes migrate Question 3 Which is correct regarding meiosis ) Diploid cell b) 2 daughter cells, ©) Occurs in somatic cells 4). Occurs in two stages Question 4 Which of the following is NOT true about non-disjunction? 4) Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis ) Zygote produced with abnormal chromosome numbers ©) Results in gain or loss of chromosome in daughter cells 4) Daughter cell has diploid amount of chromosomesestion 5 a wet of the following is NOT a processes of digestive system a) Olfaction » - b) Propulsion ¢¢* obs 7 c) Mechanical digestion" d) Chemical digestion“ “ees Question 6 Which part of a) Oral Cavity: Swallowing . b) Esophagus: enzymatic digestion ¢) Stomach: acid production q"7¥ 4) Duodenum: mechanical digestion" Question 7 on — Which of the following is false regarding dense connectiv® tissue « a. Fiber proportion considerably less than cells and ground substance f b. Collagen bundles oriented in various directions ¢. Adapted to withstand stressq_— . Notable examples include reticular layer of the dermis Question 8 Which of the following is false regarding connective tis a) Collagen Molecules are made up of ‘glycine, proline, hydroxylysine amino acids b. Reticular fibres are Composed of type II collagen c. Elastic fibres Selectively stain with orcein and resorcin — fuchsin stain d. Elastin molecule is rich in glycine and proline ~ Question 9 Which of the following is false regarding adipose tissue. 4. White adipose tissue is predominant in adults while brown is predomi b. White adipose tissue Accounts for 90% of body weight. < ¢, White adipose tissue Forms the panniculus adiposus of the superficial fascia d. Brown adipose tissue Makes upto 5% of total body mass in neonates F Question 10 Which of the following is false regarding the cytoplasm a. Contains organelles and inclusions } ‘sb. Organelles are all membranous & Ipelosions 5° usually not surrounded by a plasma membrane +~ | consists of materials which include crystals, pi ipic eaten tl rystals, pigment granules, lipids, glycogen+ Which of the following is false regarding membrane organelles at a. Peripheral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes # 5° by, The smooth Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the sequestration and controlled release wk w f the GIT is correctly matched with its function? issue fibres lysine, hydroxyproline and inant in foetal lifer of calcium ~ c. The Golgi apparatus is involved in the Post translational modification of proteins” 4. The Outer membrane of the mit i 3 9f prot aka of the mitochondria has porins that allow ready diffusion of4, Question 12 Which of the following is false regarding non-membrane organelles + 8. The Cytoskeleton consists of Centrioles, Ribosomes and Proteasomes + b. The non- membranous organelles consist of microtubules, filaments-actin and myosin filaments~ c. The microtubules are made up of alpha and beta tubulin heterodimers v 4d. Polymerization of tubules is carried out in microtubule organizing centres such as centrioles. Question 13 Which is True about epithelium: a) Epitheloid cells have a free surface x b) Some cells function as receptors, c) The cells lie on a cellular basement membrane ¥ d) The cells are hardly adherent to each other Question 14 Which of the following is a Compound tubular gland: a) Salivary gland b) Sweat gland c) Brunner’s gland d) Bulbourethral gland - Question 15 Which is True about stratified squamous epithelium a) The surface layer of the cell is always keratinised ~ b) The most superficial cells are flattened c) The basal side rests on an elastic lamina d) Its cells lack desmosomes + Question 16 Select the correct statement concerning hyaline cartilage a) Itis vascular b) It contains type IV cartilage ¢) Its chondrocytes are aligned in rows» d) Itis located on articular ends of long bones Question 17 Which is Not a secondary cartilaginous joint a) Epiphyseal growth plate b) Intervertebral disc ~ c) Pubic symphysis. d) Manubrosternal joint Question 18 Select the the incorrect statement about a synovial joint a) The synovial fluid lubricates the articular surfaces! +b) The joint capsule partly covers the joint space ¢) Articular surfaces are lined by hyaline cartilage ¥ d) They allow movement over one or mgre planes /Question 19 Which is the site of formation of the sperms? a. Epididymis b.» Seminiferous tubules v ¢. Efferent tubules d. Seminal vesicles Question 20 Capacitation of sperms occurs in the:- a. Epididymis b. Seminiferous tubules . Female reproductive tract “ d. Vas deferens Question 21 Which process is essential for completion of the second meiotic division of the oocyte a. Ovulation b. Fertilization ©. Capacitation 4. Compaction Question 22 ® Which process prevents fertilization of the ovum by more than one sperm a. Acrosome reaction b. Zona reaction ©. Polar body reaction 4. Compaction + Question 23 Which is NOT a result Of fertilization? a. Restoration of haploidy ty‘ci b. Initiation of mitosis « ©. Metabolic activation of the oocytew d. Genetic variation« Question 24 All of the following are mitochondrial functions EXCEPT? a. Energy production “ a b. Activation of apoptosis’ ©. Calcium storage » d., Intracellular lysis¥ Question 25 The cytoskeletal include all the following EXCEPT a Microfilaments b.. Intermediate tubules x ©. Microtubules 2 d. Intermediate filaments.Question 26 Abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum is an adaptation for: a. Active ion transport b. Active steroid synthesis ” c. Secretory protein synthesis d. Energy production Question 27 Function INCORRECTLY matched with the distinctive cellular feature; a, Active ion transport — Junctional complexes-, “> b. Protein synthesis - Prominent nucleolus- c. Phagocytosis — Peroxisomes + d. Propulsion - Microfilaments. Question 28 Which is a feature of cells actively synthesizing and secreting steroids? a. Have elaborate RER ¥ b. Contain numerous elongated mitochondria ” c. Include cells of the adrenal medulla + 4. Contain minimal number of lysosomes* Question 29 Stereocilia is abundant in which of the following regions: a. Male reproductive ducts ¢ b. Fallopian tube ce. Urinary tract d. Intestinal tract Question 30 Which is NOT a content of femoral sheath? a. Femoral nerve’ b. Femoral vein c. Femoral artery d, Femoral canal Question 31 Which is the nerve most likely to be injured in fibular neck fractures? a, Tibial nerve b. Sciatic nerve c. Common peroneal nerve - d. Femoral nerve + Question 32 Which of the following nerve plexus supplies the lower limb? a. Cervical _b. Brachial " S #e, Lumbosacral y d. HypogastriceQuestion 33 ‘Which nerve is contained within the anterior compartment of the leg? a. Anterior tibial b. Deep peroneal ” ©. Superficial peroneal , Common peroneal ¢ Question 34 Which is NOT a content of the adductor canal @. Saphenous nerve b. Femoral artery ©. Femoral vein 4. Sciatic nerve Question 35 Which is a ‘Superficial vein of the lower limb: a. Femoral vein b. Popliteal vein ©. Great saphenous vein 4. Anterior tibial vein Question 36 FE The primordial germ cells are cells A. Haploid- B. Diploid. C. Triploid. D. Quadripioi Question 37 Mature spermatozoa are viable in the male reproductive tract for about__week(s) Al B. 10¥ c. 100 D. 1000 Question 38 During fertilization, the key process that prevents polyspermy is is: A. Acrosome reaction B, Decidua reaction C. Zona reaction + D. Polar body reaction 39 Tees of an “extra set” of paternal chromosomes may lead to: A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Blighted ovum C. Molar pregnancy. D. Multiple pregnancyQuestion 40 The main hormone produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation is A. FSH+ B. hCG- c. LH D. Progesterone’ Question 41 Which chromosomal disorder is CORRECTLY matched with its karyotype? ‘A. Down’s syndrome — Trisomy 21 B. Patau’s syndrome ~ 45X0 * C. Klinefelter’s syndrome - XYY * D. Edward’s syndrome - Trisomy 13 * Question 42 Which is True about the development of the limb A. The apical ectodermal ridge appears at the proximal end of each limb bud B. There is minimal interaction between the ectoderm and underlying mesenchyme C. The apical ectodermal ridge is of ‘mesodermal origin D. Zone of polarizing activity is responsible for anterior-posterior growth » Question 43 Select a true statement about differentiation of the somites A. It differentiates into dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, and vertebrae * B. Formation is in the caudo-cranial sequence ok C. Begins from the lateral plate mesoderm . D. Eventually 34 pairs of somites form + Question 44 Which is True about skeletal muscle formation A. Epaxial dermatomyotome give rise to limb muscle B. Hypaxial muscle give rise to muscle of the body wall CC. Hypaxial muscle give rise to deep back muscle of the trunk . D. Several myotubes fuse to form myoblasts Question 45 True about chorionic villi development A. In secondary villi, mesodermal core grows into the villous structure ['B. Small capillaries are present in the primary villi arte) Fay ping ~~ | Fupaohran tube Epiglttts ~~ Alar et the nove 33.Name the two outer zones ofthe epiphyseal growth plate Aya (2 marks) chy us i ° n @ len Beigumndeiom, Zone ob osstitahen enol calerfreahen, 34, State the hormone responsible for the following events _ (2 marks) (a) Development of the ovarian follicles Fs Be (b) Endometrial proliferation Exbogen 35, Name the part of the Fallopian tube where the following commonly occurs: (2 marks) {a) Ectopic pregnancy (b) Fertilization lnfindibultun Anpylla, Arenpaliae 36. State two functions of the zona pelluci : (2 marks) Prevent Poluspemy \ ae Protects the ory Fe 37. State two possible mechanisms of triploidy that can lead to a molar pregnancy (2marks) Whenthe oocyte Weis an empty WA When SPerms ferttize relate its Contents lot fore reutuing the ovum + pauper and duplicatns (2marks) one en 38, Name the inner two layers ofthe chossanie plate i Gcynciohv phovlast Beheembtyence mesoderm Page 3 of 4 agi boplslaut ae39, Name the main layer of the gastrula that becomes the: (2marks) (©) Dermis of the skin x (b) Peripheral nerves 7 Curondnie layer Mes odleten Yoiasme. £z¢o0le71 40. Name two immediate differentiations of a somite (2 marks) 41, State the main source of amniotic fluid during the following gestational periods: (2 marks) (a) 24 week of embryonic developmen From tne mother? Armotlast 3" trimester of pregnan o Keranio RC aeerane, Kidney : 42, Name two congenital anomalies due to persistence of the allantois (2 marks) erkels diverticulum, 43. Write down the karyotype of the folowing disorders: marks) (a) Down's syndrome (b) Patau’s syndrome. Missing crrmmesome 24 Trueny 2 Extra Chromosome 13 Thsomy 13 7 Name the fo components ofthe pla Fo : (2 marks) Chonnil turd 45. Seats two eee used by nes to estimate the foetal age in the 3™¢ trimester (2 marks) NOumne of armniohe fluids Bmue larg Q nse Yeavt rate. Mead Cieumiaence [Atomad bvcum foe, birperctel alrameter : ’ 46, State the mode of ossification of the following bones: (2 marks) (a) Parietal bone a (b) Femur (nter membranous 2 Endothondral 47. Name the foetal membrane associated with the following anomalies: (2 marks) (a) Constriction ring (b) Merkel’s diverticulum Menon Mentos» Tolk Sac 48, State the embryonic folding that leads to: mt (2 marks) (a) Formation of the primary curvature of the spine Amain + Cangeludinal | Ericlochensbal / Sagittal (b) Fusion of the anterior body wall " Yolk Sat. transverse. 49, State two varieties of spina bifida cystica f aie (2 marks Bpincrbl Hida cyshica that contaity peyong — “menngiSl L ! pina bifida Cystita Auat choenot toatenn Meurons’ — Mylemeningi® ot 50. State the fate of the lise Deena at on 3 1 mts beak fe pmordral gut Gexm) Become fhe bladder “*"***4H APPY FESTIVE SEASON******* Page 4 of 4+1040 sveeteedl sosseses iors aia fs, *. m@ £) /. UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY LEVEL | B.PHARM & BSc NURSING - MID SEMESTER I CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT TEST DATE: TUESDAY, 20% FEBRUARY, 2018 TIME: 9:00AM - 11:00AM INSTRUCTIONS * Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided after each question «Write eligibly = Manage your time wisely Question 1 " Name three components of the pelvic girdle : (3 marks) 1) SCapatea tum Publs , 2) Clavicks o um 3) Shoulder oft i aged [wget 0) Name tina branche rene fom te. Spal mrs bee & SS) » Tibi nee DiS femnts 2) Common pacneat nadne™ ae Sere, tu [de les wot : Question 2 a a (amet conten oft enor sna) Sup et. Gri eE Y) Pemrd Yer : 2 Lemke 7 OU ees meal \] Peeneted, ae ts suze (acts ae. + pier, (b) Named hamsting muscles < Phi — Pectin , ths Isg 1) Sem memborancsons VE \ 2) Same terdevosor fa Jy BEE fo Choy t ‘ fe : jor Tbr btn ¥ ome arterial tre ofthe lower lib rom otigh tote ankle joint fe (5 marks) emo Keteny Popleteal anteny ‘ ; Powe Dal Artery \ 4 \eponend Ae ‘ Prifunde vg r a e iliac Sc | a aa is “Whee ” ooQuestion 4 Name the bone that: bmn (a) Projects inferiorly as the lateral malleolus uU \ng, . (b) Forms 7 $ es (1 mark) Cal a (c) Forms the =e (1 mark) Tala Pactellc (d) Articulates with the acetabulum. (1 mark) 7) Wed ate [ heme (c) Makes the hip prominences (1 mark) Isclium, tleam, bow Artake Unanter Question 5 List the components and one comspetYAction of the quadriceps femoris unit (@) Component 0) Vastes » woe (marks) a ee ‘9 Nests ae . (b) One common action. _ - (1 mark) Extesies ep tu Le te (ee qu. ya a Question 6 ; State three mechanisms that promote venous return from the lower li associated with failure of these mechanisms (@) Three mechanisms . (8 marks 1) Petra anet gpd — Part lag acho 3¢ heat v Gmarks) Nae’ » 2) Compatie 9 AA tss oder Odaghin® imb and state two clinical disorders Uv NLA Commi tance (b) Two disorders associated with failed mechanisms Parhysd — Vlarilote veins a Oadacty Deep Veuaus Awombast s Page 2 of 10 \, K* Question 7 State the main actions and in: -rvation of the following muscular compartments of the leg (a) Anterior muscular compartment of the leg i. Main actions iL Dovsifieie a tk ke Ont Ty om : ( eer etesin. 4 ebidigid Gru), Plat flerios A | ii, Innervation a (1 mark) Deep rbuler newt: (b) Lateral muscular compartment of the leg i, Main action (mark) \Evesin {| d (2 marks) Se ii, Innervation (1 mark) ae Now Supargrud pole MW LY ‘» Question 8 2 Name the structures labelled A - E in the radiograph displayed (5S marks) Covdyls A:_Medsol c:_ Lake Coedylao f : lemnbv D:__“Nibrr Taariy Filous B__flube Xd Patella Question 9 Name three sites in the upper limb where arterial pulses can be felt and name the respective artery for ach site mentioned , LZ ) wrist (ject - Radel Mey (q 2) By te veae Ragin - Pr¥illeg Mey [4 3) Etboo~ ge = Gra hetey ba Cube fisa — beak] atey Pagesort0 yuist —ulaay (5 marks)Question 10 Name the parts of the vertebra labelled A - E (5 marks) B: \eAnsvers Dress: b_Vetdoet beds’ TB Spieows peters Question 11 | Outline the main arterial tree of the upper lim| Subdiavis heey \ G marks) Pres Ney x Brads bey: Y Rasch a Nuln Adey Question 12 List the contents of the cubittal fossa ae (5 marks) noe (2) a) Radid newt Bada igrpbeds nose L Tamia pore g bode Pay’ ~~ 3) ee fr “Tendon 4, AGP* Question 13 Basia A (S marks) Namefivecarpal bones a 1) Taper ye 2) Geph 2) d Lawn 2 (@) Page 4 0f 10 2 San 3) pert teQuestion 14 Components 1) Sepa spinctors ov Name the components of the rotator cuff muscles and state one common function of this unit @ (4 marks) Peak” ™ A Dt 5 5 Sub SHQularis 4 a) [eves minny~ (Gi) One common function (1 mark) ) Staal a he Scaplerkme b ty Sloade. Aebicu shoutuc _ L Question 15 Name three superficial veins in the ee limb and state two clinical procedures where they can be utilized (a) Superficial veins |“ . (3 marks) » Coalake ver medias Cub\ttal Ve ad) bagki v eK 2) Sub supuler & x (b) Clinical utilization — Bea rams fusion ae Canulah Paboctek em \ Presson % (2 marks) Question 16 State five ultrastructural features él eam for active Protein synthesis and secret ecreti 5 ar ion (5 marks) 2) Eecromahe Soe / 2) Poroitet Neils” iG 7 » Cxlemet Qays Coe flayed Redtakin ) Nu Rbsns c) 42\4 fy paras > Page Sof 10