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ID1-0002-OBE-ENG-V1Answershe Part 2 - GT Comments
ID1-0002-OBE-ENG-V1Answershe Part 2 - GT Comments
UNIT ID1:
For: NEBOSH International Diploma for Occupational Health and Safety
Management Professionals
Assessment
ANSWER TEMPLATE – PAPER 2 OF 2
Learner name
NEBOSH learner
number
Learning Partner name
Please note: You must use this template for this Unit.
Please upload your answers to Paper 2 to the activity ‘Examination paper 2: Part 2 -
4’ in Moodle.
professional services and technologies to both the energy sector firms and government.
The organization KBR currently employs 37,500 workers situated across various sites and
it has customers worldwide across 80 countries and operates across 40 counties. The
various solutions that it provides to various sectors and firms include government
The government solutions provided by the company is to serve the government customers
across the world that includes capabilities covering the full lifecycle of various
departments like defense, aviation, space and other programs and missions of the
government through systems engineering, program management and test and evaluation
The energy solutions provided by the company includes the onshore gas and oil, LNG,
GTL, offshore oil and gas both in shallow water and deep water and subsea. It also
Currently I work for this company which is a contractor to SADARA chemical company
and we are responsible for maintenance activity in the SADARA chemical plant. My role
Isocyanates are highly reactive chemicals, and they are used in the manufacture of a wide
range of products like rigid or flexible foams, coatings like varnishes and paints and also
Answer sheet ID1-0002-ENG-OBE-V1 March22 © NEBOSH 2022 page
fibers and elastomers which are increasingly used in automobile industry. Working in
such a chemical plant poses several health and safety hazards and hence our maintenance
activity is very important for proper efficient running of the chemical plant.
Activity 2 (a)
Identification of job – Whenever a contracting job arises in a department the respective
department head is authorised to create a job description that best suits the requirement.
Such a requirement is a cause driven requirement and a specific date with which the
contractor needs to take the job is also mentioned unless it is a specialised job. For
general works like welding jobs, piping jobs etc., to name a few there are templates
available which can be used to describe the job and the need for the job and its urgency
and these are labelled as contractor requisition. For specialised contracting job
requirements there are special requisitions which require the templates to be filled in
larger detail.
Criteria for selection of contractors – Based on the type of job there are pre-qualification
criterion that need to be fulfilled by the contractors and contractors who have experience
in similar jobs are only entertained to participate in the procurement process. For
example, we have our own jetty where tugs are used to carry goods to large mother
vessels. When any contracting jobs are required there such a dredging or break water
jobs, we need to identify contractors who have the specialised experience in these works.
Assessing the risks from the work – In the contractor requisition the risks arising during
the performance of these works are made as a part of the system and attached along
with the requisition system which need to endorsed by the HSSE department.
Provision of information, instruction and training – Any specific operational information,
instructions and trainings are made mandatory to the contractor and is mandated to the
contractor. These are identified during the procurement process and also finds place in
the contracting requisition.
Co-operation and co-ordination – one person from each side is assigned to be the project
leader and another person from each side is also assigned to be the HSSE leader as
well. The project leaders would interact in regards to the project needs and the HSSE
leaders would interact regarding the HSSE standards to be adopted and followed during
the execution of the contract.
Consultation with workforce- All consultation with workforce, foremen and supervisors are
considered while creating the contracting requisition and also during the execution of the
job. A workforce representative, respective department foreman and supervisor are also
signatories to the contract requisition form.
Management and supervision of contractors while on site – A project leader who has
been assigned the project is responsible for the management and supervision of
contractors and their workforce while they work on our site/s. The project leader from the
contractor’s side would be responsible for the management and supervision of the
contractor’s workforce.
Relevant legal requirements – All employees employed by the contractors must comply
with the legal requirements of the land such as in overtime wages, number of hours of
work per day, insurance and other such basic requirements. The overtime wages if any
should be paid @ 150% of the basic wages is the legal requirement in the country and
normal working hours should be observed at 8 hours per day.
Safety and health presentation from HSSE The next key recommendation is to have
leader of vendor another presentation by the HSSE leader of
the contracting organization to conduct a
brief presentation on their HSSE activities
and the policies, procedures and protocols
followed thereto. This needs to be made
mandatory for specialised work as they
involve larger risks when to compare to
general contracting works.
Activity 3 (b)
In a chemical processing facility, location of storage of raw materials and finished goods
is very critical. All these materials are stored highly insulated from each other at a
distance of 1000 meters from each other and the pedestrian walkways there to clearly
demarcated and barricaded. In the same manner truck approach facilities and roads
leading to various storage places are clearly demarcated and barricaded.
Safety checks and precautionary / preventive equipment using latest technology using
IOT and AI are installed at all possible places which would raise immediate alarms. This
equipment also would notify the concerned internal authorities, external authorities and
internal fire service teams in the event of any leakages or any such issues. Such
equipment is calibrated and audited bi-annually to check their working status and the
effectiveness to prevent larger incidents.
Activity 3 (c)
All chemical storage, raw materials, by-products and finished products are stored in
insulated spaces and for liquid storages there are trenches built around the storage area.
In the event of a leak these trenches would be able to take the flow of any leaked liquid
chemicals. For gaseous chemicals sufficient engineering controls are made in the gas
storage tanks that detect any possible leaks in them. These tanks are checked once in a
month for their stability and for any other possible defects in the tanks. Any leaks of raw
materials, by-products or finished products can be very fatal or injurious as per the nature
of the product / chemical involved.
All pipelines used internally are clearly painted with separate colours to identify the risk
involved with the materials that flow inside and these pipe lines are marked individually at
a space of 100 meters. All pipe lines are leak tested every quarter and the results thereto
are documented for the sake of posterity. These pipe lines are equipped with leak
detection and safety valves that shutoff in the event of any leak detected.
Activity 4 (b)
The audit team that conducts the audit must be rotated every quarter and one person
from the previous audit team must find place in the new team. This would ensure there is
no copy paste job in the audit process and audit findings will be subject to the view of
new eyes every quarter.
The use of external audit team such as from third part qualified audit agencies must be
included and the same must compared with the internal audit results.
As already mentioned, relevant standards call for bi-annual audits our management is
particular on quarterly audits.
The impact of a quarterly audit is that the safety of the most hazardous place in the
manufacturing facility is considered very sacrosanct and the company recognizes the
need of a safe working environment.
Workers in the hazardous storage and handling areas are very aware of the quarterly
audit and their chosen representative is also part of the audit team the same person can
not be on the team for more than one quarterly audit.
Financially this is a burden for the company however, the management has approved of
the costs and has factored the same in the costing.
Task 1 (a)
Respect – In a large facility such as ours there are many employees who have put in
many decades of service to the organization for many years. Most seniors by age but
who are at a lower level such as at a workforce level such as welders, piping technicians
etc., for example are highly skilled in various aspects of the plant because of their
decades of experience in this organization. Respecting their experience and taking
constructive inputs from them is the solemn duty of every leader irrespective of whether
he or she is in the health and safety department or any other department.
Competence of people should be respected and due importance to the competence be
offered rather ignoring competence. Any job requires a competence level and people
reach such competence level after many years of putting in experience. Whatever be it
whether a highly skilled job or a menial job it is very essential to have competence level.
A person who measures readings from some meter achieves the competence levels after
consistently doing the job, if the meter readings were to be recorded automatically and
manually the person doing the manual reading would notice any minute difference and
report it immediately to his superior.
Open mind and creativity A good leader needs to Suggestions coming from
have an open mind that is workforce or from any third
creative, the leader needs party can be accepted by a
to accept ideas from all good leader and put to use.
around and use it creatively In my work place a worker
gave a simple suggestion
about a welding area
discipline that needed a
minor change, I accepted
this idea and communicated
the same to our
management which was
accepted.
A leader needs
Communication to communicate Better reach with Self-Appraisal
well both orally colleagues, peers
and verbally. and other
Developing stakeholders
language skills
by increasing
vocabulary and
reading more
would be an ideal
situation to
develop
communication
skills. By using
communication
skills a leader
can take his
whole team
members into
confidence and
work towards the
mandated
objectives in a
smart fashion. As
a great
communicator
the leader would
be able to
address the
issues of the
people in the
team and give
the best working
atmosphere
laced with safety.
Introduction
There are several factors that are associated with the critical success of worker
For example, at the organizing stage of health and safety management, employees could
be given specific health and safety responsibilities that would make them to participate
more effectively. In an joint venture company where the accident statistics were poor and
the company being prosecuted twice by HSE, they set up two safety task teams with ten
employees and a team leader for each group. The team members were selected based on
their wide range of ideas and input they had and were often rotated on a regular basis.
Team leaders were selected based on their responsibility and caring attitude. This resulted
in reducing the accidents and effective worker participation in the organization (Lane et
al., 2000). There are various benefits of appointing safety task teams in organizations such
as these, as it would reduce the accident rates due to the effective worker involvement in
safety and health practices. It would also help in creating awareness about hazards that is
bound to increase substantially and this would increase the accident prevention actions by
the employees. This will also increase the productivity of employees who feel part of the
organization and take pride in their actions and achievements and lastly it would also
increase the morale and relationship between the management team and the
workforce(Ochsner and Greenberg, 1998).
Employees could also be involved in delivering messages about health and safety among
one another (communication) and also in designing and delivering training modules about
health and safety measures (increasing competence). Involving employees in the planning
of health and safety measures would increase their knowledge about the same and this
would help in increasing their participation as well (Shearn, 2005).
In the planning process, for example, the organization could involve employees in setting
the health and safety objectives for the organization; they could be involved in
assessments of risks, they could be involved in the procurement of safety equipment
which increases their knowledge. Employees could also be involved in designing new
ways of working at the workplace that is compatible with health and safety practices.
Employees could also be involved in problem solving and planning risk control systems.
Even for the measurement process, the management of the organization could involve
employees for carrying out the inspections and observations on health and safety work
practices carried out. This is called as active monitoring which when employees are
involved with, increases their knowledge and experience. Similarly, even with reactive
monitoring, the management could involve employees to monitor accidents, hazard
spotting and near miss investigations so as to make them more knowledgeable and
experienced.
For doing the audit and review processes, employee involvement in conducting audits
would increase the efficiency and reliability of the health and safety system and they
could also be involved in the review of performance that is based on data from the audits
and monitoring done.
Commitment as a critical success factor:
Commitment is of two types – management commitment and workforce commitment.
Management commitment is considered to be one of the critical success factor in
effective workforce involvement in health and safety measures implemented at workplace.
This is because the management ahs the power and authority in allocating the necessary
resources for safety programs implementation. This is the starting point of bringing out
the safety culture in the company and they also need to communicate with the lower level
of management and workers at various levels so as to communicate and demonstrate their
commitment towards health and safety. Among the 16 critical success factors identified
across four dimensions, management commitment was an important factor for safety
program performance for construction projects in Thai (Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008).
They had identified that adequate resources and management support provided by the top
management in the organization is the most influential factor in the implementation of
safety programs in construction projects. In addition to this, the communication and
Before expecting workers commitment on health and safety issues, it is important that
the managers should set clear objectives for such safety measures and programs, they
should conduct regular site visits, safety walks and should be participating themselves in
such initiatives, managers and workers should participate in WHS audits, hazard
identification, inspections and incident investigation. They should encourage
accountability among workers for WHS issues, putting WHS first ahead of other
priorities, promoting such WHS initiatives. Management should encourage open
communication in such health and safety issues, involving the workforce and also
Answer sheet ID1-0002-ENG-OBE-V1 March22 © NEBOSH 2022 page
encourage continuous improvement. These measures should be accompanied with proper
arrangements for recognizing outstanding performance of workers in Health and safety
programs by the personnel. Recognition could include specific contributions made by the
workers with regard to identifying and/or rectifying a significant hazard and this can be
given through various means like monthly rewards, praise, certificates, monetary rewards,
valuable rewards like household appliances or even other rewards like weekend holiday in
a resort. All these rewards and recognition provided to workers would have them to stay
committed towards health and safety procedures adopted at workplace. To enhance
commitment on the part of the workers there are five action items that could be
implemented by the leaders.
The first action item is to encourage workers to participate in health and safety
programs. To accomplish it, workers much be given adequate resources and time
to participate in the program. They should be acknowledged and be provided with
positive reinforcement for participation in such programs. The organization should
also maintain a open door policy so as to create an environment for the workers to
take to management about the health and safety issues and to provide suggestions.
The second action item is of encouraging workers to report their concerns about
health and safety at workplace. This is accomplished in many organization through
establishing a process for workers to report hazards, injuries, close calls or near
misses, illnesses, safety and health outcomes. They should also be allowed to
respond to reports promptly either directly or anonymously that would provide
them some confidentiality and privacy in reporting events. The management
should also report back to its workers on the fact that whether their concerns and
suggestions are being addressed. These workers should also be empowered with
resources to initiate or suspend temporarily work operation that they may seem or
believe to be unsafe. Management should also encourage workers to find solutions
on reported health and safety hazards (Shearn, 2005).
The third action item is to give enough information about safety and health to the
workers. This can be accomplished by providing workers with safety data sheets
(SDS), collection and providing information and data on injuries and illness, and
also revealing information about the results of environmental exposure. Workers
should also be encouraged to review inspection reports and incident investigation
reports as this would enhance their knowledge and commitment towards such
programs.
The fourth action item to gain commitment from the workers is to involve them in
Conclusion
Health and safety culture in organizations is considered to be key factors when
determining the effectiveness of such systems in companies. However culture goes
beyond health and safety policies and includes every day actions and decision that
management and employees integrate into their core values so as to implement and
Answer sheet ID1-0002-ENG-OBE-V1 March22 © NEBOSH 2022 page
maintain good health and safety behavior. Health and safety policies are just a starting
point. When workers are involved in every stage of the planning, implementing,
measuring, monitoring process, they become more committed in such safety and health
measures. The commitment from the top management, middle level management for
maintaining and promotion safety and health at workplaces, and the involvement and
commitment of workers at all levels is as important as their knowledge and training
provided for such issues. When the management implements shop floor visits and address
the concerns faced by the employees, these provide opportunities for the employees to
voice their concerns about any health and safety issues they might be facing. Regular
attendance of health and safety meetings could increase their awareness about such issues
and provoke their active involvement so as to reduce the hazards and accident rates.
End of examination
Please upload your answers to Paper 2 to the activity ‘Examination paper 2: Part 2 -
4’ in Moodle.
Follow the instructions on submitting your answers in the NEBOSH Open Book
Examinations: Technical Learner Guide. All Open Book Examination guidance documents