1.units Dimensions and ErrorsExercise

1 .
1 8 | Units, Dimensions and Errors
Solved Examples
JEE Main/Boards Or M0L0 T  = Ma+bL0 T −2b  Comparing the power of M,

   
Example 1: The value of acceleration due to gravity is L and T on both sides a + b = 0 and –2b = 1
980 cm/s2. What will be its value if the unit of length is
1 1 m
kilometer and that of time is minute? ∴ b =− and a = ; ∴T =Cm1/2 k −1/2 =C  
2 2 k
Sol: Here we have to express value of g in units of km/ This is the correct equation.
min2. Thus the conversion factor from cm/s2, to km/
min2 we need to divide the old units to the new units. Example 3: The radius of the earth is 6.37 × 106 m
Dimension of acceleration due to gravity is LT −2  . In and its mass is 5.975 × 1024 kg. Find the earth’s average
  density to appropriate significant figures.
the CGS system, let L1, T1 represent length and time
ME
measured in cm and second. The numerical value n1 = Sol: The average density of earth is given as DE = .
980 cm/sec2. Let n2 be the value of acceleration due to VE
gravity in the new system. The length L2 and time T2 are The result is rounded off to the same number of
measured in kilometer and minute respectively. Now significant figures as is contained by the least precise
2
term used in the calculation.
 L1   T1−2 
n1 L1 T1−2  n=
= L T −2  or n n1   1 −2 1  −2 Given, mass of the earth (M) = 5.975 ×1024 kg. Further,
   L2   T2  
2  2 2  2
∴ n2 = 980 radius of the earth (R) = 6.37 ×106 m and volume of
 105   60  the earth (V)
−2
 1  1  980 × 60 × 60
∴ n2 = 980  = = ⇒ n2 35.3 4 4
( )m
3
5   60 
 10    105 = × πR3m= × ( 3.142 ) × 6.37 × 106 3
3 3
980 × 60 × 60
= = ⇒ n2 35.3 Average density (D)
Example 1052: A body of mass m hung at one end of the
spring executes a simple harmonic motion. The force
Mass m 5.975 × 1024
constant of a spring is k while its period of vibration = = =
Volume v 4
( )
3
is T. Prove by dimensional method that the equation × ( 3.142 ) × 6.37 × 106
2πm 3
T= is incorrect. Derive the correct equation, = 0.005517 × 106 kgm−3 = 5.52 × 103 kgm−3
k
assuming that they are related by a lower power. (to three significant figures)
Sol: To prove the dimensional inequality of the above The density is accurate only up to three significant
relation we use the dimensional analysis. In dimensional figures which is the accuracy of the least accurate term,
analysis, the power of each basic unit to the left of the namely, the radius of the earth.
equality sign is matched with the dimensions of each
basic units of quantity on the right of the equality. Example 4: A man runs 100.5 m in 10.3 sec. Find his
2πm average speed up to appropriate significant figures.
The given equation is T=
k
Taking the dimensions of both sides, we have Sol: The average speed of man is given by
M dis tance travelled

Vavg = . The result is rounded off to
= T  = T2 Time taken
ML0 T −2 
  the same number of significant figures as is contained
As the dimensions of two sides are not equal, by the least precise term used in the calculation.
the equation is incorrect. Let the correct relation be dis tance travelled
Using average speed =
T = Cma kb where C is a constant. Time taken
100.5m
Equating the dimensions of both sides, we get
= = 9.757 ms−1
b 10.3s
a
 T  = M MT −2  ;
 
P hysi cs | 1.19
Note that, the distance 100.5 m has four significant ∆A 2∆r

figures but the time of 10.3 sec has only three. Thus, ∴ Percentage error in A = = = 2 × 0.5% =
1%
A r
we round off the final result to three significant figures.
4π 3
The average speed must be correctly expressed as (b) The volume of a sphere of radius r is V = r
3
9.76 ms–1.
∆V 3∆r
∴ Percentage error in V = = = 3 × 0.5% =
1.5%
V r
Example 5: The period of oscillation of a simple
L Example 7: In an experiment on the determination
pendulum is T = 2π . L is about 10 cm and is known
g of Young’s modulus of a wire by Searle’s method, the
following data is available:
to 1 mm accuracy. The period of oscillations is about 0.5
second. The time of 100 oscillations is measured with a Normal length of the wire = 110 cm Diameter of the
wrist watch of 1 s resolution. What is the accuracy in the wire d = 0.01 cm
determination of g?
Elongation in the wire  = 0.125 cm
Sol:The accuracy in determination of g is found in This elongation is for a tension of 50 N. The least counts
terms of minimum percentage error in calculation. The for corresponding quantities are 0.01 cm, 0.00005 cm
∆g ∆g and 0.001 cm, respectively. Calculate error in calculating
percentage error in g = ×100 % . Where is the the value of Young’s modulus (Y).
g g
relative error in determination of g.
Sol: The relative error in determination of Young’s
L L 4 π2L
T = 2π or T2= 4 π2 or g = ; ∆Y  ∆N ∆D 
g g T2 modulus is =
± +  where N = 4TL and
Y  N D 
∆g ∆L ∆T
Now, = + 2× ∆N ∆D
g L T D = πd2  and and are the relative error in the
N and D. N D
In terms of percentage,
∆g ∆L ∆T stress T / A TL 4TL
× 100= × 100 + 2 × × 100 ; Y= = ; ⇒ Y= =
g L T strain  / L A πd2 
Percentage error in L
∆Y ∆L ∆ ∆d
= +2
∆L 0.1 Y L  d
100 × = 100 × = 1%
L 10
∆T 1 4T
Percentage error in T = 100 × = 100 × = 2% Since is a constant, so it does not contribute
T 50 π
Thus percentage error in g anything to the net error:
∆g ∆Y 0.01 0.001  0.00005 
= 100 × = 1% + 2 × 2%= 5% + 2
g ⇒ = +  = 0.01809
Y 110 110  0.01 
∆Y
Example 6: The error in the measurement of the radius ⇒ × 100%
= 0.009 + 0.8 +=
1 1.809%
Y
of a sphere is 0.5%. What is the permissible percentage
error in the measurement of its (a) surface area and (b)
volume? Example 8: It has been observed that velocity of
ripple waves produced in water depends upon their
Sol: Percentage error in determination of any quantity wavelength ( λ ) , density of water ( ρ ) and surface
= Relative error in determination of quantity ×100 % . tension (T).
The relative error in area and volume of sphere are T
Prove that V 2 ∝ .
∆A 2 ∆r ∆V 3 ∆r λρ
= and = respectively.
A r V r
Sol: To prove above inequality we need to use the
∆r
Given = 0.5% dimensional analysis. The dimensions of λ, ρ and T are
r
need to be matched with dimensions of V2. The power
(a) The surface area of a sphere of radius r is A= 4 πr 2 of same base units on either side of equality sign are
1 . 2 0 | Units, Dimensions and Errors
equated to get the correct relation.

4 π2 ( 98 + 1.28 )
According to the problem we have = g = 980 cms−2 9.80ms−2
=
( 2.00 )
2
V 2 ∝ λa ρb Tc ⇒ V 2 = K λa ρb Tc … (i)
...(1)
Error in the value of g
Dimensions of V, ρ, λ and T are [L T −1],
[M L −3], [L] and [M T-2] respectively. ∆g ∆ eff  ∆T  ∆g ∆ + ∆r  ∆T 
= + 2  ;⇒ = + 2 
g ∆ eff  T  g  +r  T 
Thus according to the equation (i),
a b c
Further, since errors can never exceed the least count of
 V 2  =λ
  ρ   T  ⇒ L2 T −2 the measuring instrument. Therefore,
       
b
= L  a ML−3  MT −2 
c
∆ =0.1cm ; ∆r =0.01cm ;
   
∆g  0.1 + 0.01   0.1 
Matching the powers of the same units we get a−3b ∆T =0.1s=
⇒   + 2 
g  98.0 + 1.28   20.0 
=2, b + c = 0 and 2c = 2
∆g ∆g
⇒c = 1, b = −1 and a = −1. ⇒ = 0.0011 + 0.01 ; ⇒ = 0.0111
g g
T T ∆g
Thus we get V 2 =K × ⇒ V2 ∝ . ⇒ Percentage error ⇒ × 100 =
1.1%
λρ λρ g
Hence proved. and absolute error =∆g =g ( 0.011 ) =0.11ms−2 ;
Example 9: In an experiment for determining the = Thus, g 9.80ms−2 ± 1.1%( )

value of acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple
pendulum, the following observations were recorded. or,
= g ( 9.80 ± 1.1% ) ms−2
Length of the string (  ) = 98.0 cm

Example 10: A student performs an experiment to
Diameter of the bob (d) = 2.56 cm determine the Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m
Time for 10 oscillations (T) = 20.0 sec long, by Searle’s method. In a particular reading, the
student measures the extension in the length of the
Calculate the value of g with maximum permissible wire to be 0.8 mm with an uncertainty of ± 0.05 mm at
absolute error and the percentage relative error. a load of exactly 1.0 kg. The student also measures the
diameter of the wire to be 0.4 mm with an uncertainty
Sol: The absolute error in g is ∆g= gm − gi where ± 0.01 mm. Take g = 9.8 m/s2 (exact). The Young’s
I = 1,2,3……, etc. and the percentage relative error in modulus obtained from the reading is close to
∆g (A) ( 2.0 ± 0.3) 1011 n / m2
g = Relative error in g ×100 % = × 100 % .
g
(B) ( 2.0 ± 0.2 ) × 1011 n / m2
 eff
Time period for a simple pendulum is T = 2π ........(i)
g (C) ( 2.0 ± 0.1 ) × 1011 n / m2
where  eff is the effective length of the pendulum equal (D) ( 2.0 ± 0.05 ) × 1011 n / m2
 d 20.0 Sol: As relative error in the length and diameter are

to   +  and time period equals=T = 2.00s
 2  10 given, the relative error in determination of Young’s
from (i), we get ∆Y  ∆N ∆D 
modulus is calculated as = ± +  where N
Y  N D 
4 π2 (  eff )
g= ∆N ∆D
T2 = 4TL and D = πd2  and and are the relative
N D
To calculate actual value of g error in the N and D.
 d Y
=
FL
=
4FL
=
( 4 )(1.0 × 9.8 )( 2)
4 π2   + 
4 π (  eff ) 2  4π (  + r ) Al πd2 
( )( )
2 2 2
Since g =
= =  π 0.4 × 10−3 0.8 × 10−3
T2 T2 T2
= 2.0 × 10−3 N / m2
P hysi cs | 1.21
  ∆d   ∆l   the length of a line, the zero mark Vernier scale lies

∆Y  ∆d   ∆l 
Further = 2   +   ;=
∆Y 2   +   y between 10.2 cm and 10.3 cm and the third division
Y  d   l    d   l   of Vernier scale coincides with the main scale division.
 0.01 0.05  11 (a) Determine the least count of the caliper.
= 2 × +  × 2.0 × 10
 0.4 0.8  (b) Find the length of the line.
11 2 11 2
= 0.225 × 10 N/m =
0.2 × 10 N / m
Sol: The smallest count of caliper is L. C.
(by rounding off)
Samllest division on main scale
= .
Or ( Y + ∆Y )= ( 2 + 0.2) × 10
11
N/m 2 Number of divisions on vernier scale
∴ Correct option is (B). (a) Least count (L.C)
Samllest division on main scale

=
Number of divisions on vernier scale
JEE Advanced/Boards
1
= = mm 0.1mm= 0.01cm
Example 1: The pitch of a screw gauge is 1 mm and 10
there are 100 divisions on circular scale. When faces (b) L = N + n (L.C. ) = (10.2 + 3 × 0.01 ) cm = 10.23cm
A and B are just touching each other without putting
anything between the studs, 32nd division of the
circular scale coincides with the reference line. When Example 3: The pitch of a screw gauge is 1 mm
a glass plate is placed between the studs, the linear and there are 100 divisions on the circular scale. In
scale reads 4 divisions and the circular scale reads 16 measuring the diameter of a sphere, 6 divisions on the
divisions. Find the thickness of the glass plate. The zero linear scale and 40 divisions on circular scale coincide
of linear scale is not hidden from circular scale when A with the reference line. Find the diameter of the sphere.
and B touch each other.
Sol: The gauge is found to have positive error. This has Sol: The 6th division of main scale coincides with the
to be subtracted from measured value to get actual 40th division of circular scale, the diameter of sphere is
value. The error is e= number of division coinciding obtained as L.S.D + C.S.D.
with main scale (n) × leas count. 1
L.C.
= = 0.01mm
Pitch 100
Least count L.C.=
Number of divisions on circular scale Linear scale reading=6 (pitch) =6mm
1
= mm = 0.01mm Circular scale reading=n (L.C. ) =40 × 0.01 =0.4mm
100
As zero is not hidden from circular scale when A and B ∴ Total reading = ( 6 + 0.4 ) =
6.4mm
touch each other, the screw gauge has positive error.
e=
+n(L.C.) =
32 × 0.01 =
0.32mm . Example 4: Least count of Vernier calipers is 0.01 cm.
When the two jaws of the instrument touch each other,
Therefore, Linear scale reading=4 × (1mm) =
4mm the 5th division of the Vernier scale coincides with a
Circular scale reading=16 × ( 0.01mm) =
0.16mm main scale division and the zero of the scale lies to the
left of the zero of the main scale. Furthermore while
∴Measured reading= ( 4 + 0.16 ) mm =
4.16mm measuring the diameter of a sphere, the zero mark of
the Vernier scale lies between 2.4 cm and 2.5 cm and
∴Absolute reading=Measures reading-e the 6th Vernier division coincides with a main scale
= ( 4.16 − 0.32 ) mm =
3.84mm division. Calculate the diameter of the sphere.
Thickness of the glass plate is 3.84 mm. Sol: As the instrument is noted to have negative error,
the measured diameter will be less then original. Thus
Example 2: The smallest division of the main scale it has to be added to measured length to get otiginal
of a Vernier calipers is 1 mm and 10 Vernier divisions length of diameter.
coincide with 9 main scale divisions. While measuring The instrument has a negative error,
e =( −5 × 0.01 ) cm =−0.05cm Sol: As zero mark of circular gauge lies 6 division below
the main reference line, the gauge is noted to have
Measured reading = ( 2.4 + 6 × 0.01=
) 2.46cm True positive error. Positive error e = n × Least count . This
reading = Measured reading error has to be subtracted from the measured reading.
= 2.46 − ( −0.05
= ) 2.51cm P 1mm
L.C.
= = = 0.01mm
Therefore, diameter of the sphere is 2.51 cm. N 100
The instrument has a positive zero error,
Example 5: The pitch of a screw gauge is 1 mm and
there are 100 divisions on its circular scale. When e=+n (L.C. ) =+ ( 6 × 0.01 ) =+0.06mm
nothing is put in between its jaws, the zero of the Linear scale reading=2 × (1mm) =
2mm
circular scale lies 6 divisions below the reference line.
When a wire is placed between the jaws, 2 linear scale Circular scale reading=62 × ( 0.01mm) =
0.62mm
divisions are clearly visible while 62 divisions on circular
scale coincide with the reference line. Determine the Measured reading=2+0.62=2.62mm
diameter of the wire.
True reading
= 2.62 − 0.06 = 2.56mm
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1 Q.6 The error in measurement of radius of a sphere is

0.4%. What is the permissible error in the measurement
of its surface area?
Q.1 The force acting on an object of mass m, travelling
mv 2
at velocity V in a circle of radius r is given by F = Q.7 5.74 gm of a substance occupies 1.2cc. Find the
r
The measurements are recorded as density of the substance to correct significant figures.
m = (3.5 ±0.1 ) kg; v = (20 ±1 ) ms–1 and

Q.8 The diameter of a circle is 1.06 m. Calculate its area
r = (12.5 ±0.5 ) m. with regard to significant figures.
Find the maximum possible (i) relative error and
(ii) percentage error in the measurement of force. Q.9 A substance of mass 5.74 g, occupies a volume of
1.2 cm3 . Find its density with due regard to significant
Q.2 The side of a cube is measured as figures.
(75 ± 0.1 ) cm. Find the volume of the cube.

Q.10 If m1 1.2kg
= = and m2 5.42gm. Find (m1 + m2 )
4 π2L with due regard to significant figures.
Q.3 In the formula g = , (  ) has 2% uncertainty
T2
and (T) has 5% uncertainty. What is the maximum Q.11 Assuming force (F), length (L) and time (T) as
uncertainty in the value of g? fundamental units, what should be the dimensions of
mass?
Q.4 The length and breadth of a rectangular field
are measured as length,  = ( 250 ± 5 ) m; breadth Q.12 The velocity (v) of a particle depends on time (t)
according to the relation: v = At2 + Bt + C where V is
b = (150 ± 4 ) m. What is the area of the field?
in m/s and t is in s. Write the units and dimensions of
constants A, B and C.
Q.5 The initial temperature of a body is (15 ± 0.5 ) °C
0
C
and the final temperature is (17 ± 0.3) °C.
0
C What is the Q.13 A calorie is a unit of heat or energy and it equals
rise in temperature of the body? about 4.2 J, where J = 1 kg m2 s–2. Suppose we employ
a system of units in which the unit of mass equals ( α )
P hysi cs | 1.23
kilogram, the unit of length equals ( β ) meter and unit of Q.21 The coefficient of viscosity ( η) of a liquid by the
time ( γ ) seconds. Show that a calorie has a magnitude method of flow through a capillary tube is given by the
formula
4.2 α −1 β−2 γ 2 in terms of new units.
πR 4P
η=
8Q
Q.14 The centripetal force (F) acting on a particle
moving in the circumference of a circle depends upon Where R= radius of the capillary tube,
its mass (m), linear velocity (v) and radius (r) of the  =length of the tube, P= pressure difference between
circle. Use method of dimensions to find the expression its ends, and Q=volume of liquid flowing per second.
for centripetal force.
Which measurement needs to be made most accurately
and why?
Q.15 Show by method of dimensions:
(i) Joule = 107 Erg (ii) 105 dyne/cm2 = 104 N/m2 Q.22 Consider a planet of mass (m), revolving round
the sun. The time period (T) of revolution of the
Q.16 The latent head of ice is 80 cal/ gm. Express it in planet depends upon the radius of the orbit (r), mass
J/kg. of the sun (M) and the gravitational constant (G).
Using dimensional analysis, verify Kepler’s third law of
planetary motion.
Q.17 A satellite is revolving around the earth in a
circular orbit. The period of revolution (T) depends on
(i) Mass of earth (M) Exercise 2
(ii) Radius of orbit (r) and
Single Correct Choice Type
(iii) Gravitational constant (G)
 r3  Q.1 The dimensional formula for Planck’s constant is
Use the method of dimensions to prove that T∝  
 GM 
 
(A) ML2 T −1  (B) ML2 T3  (C) ML−1 T −2  (D) MLT −2 
       
Q.18 The pressure (P), volume (V) and temperature
(T) of a real gas are related through Van der Waals Q.2 Turpentine oil is flowing through a tube of length
equation:  and radius r. The pressure difference between the two
ends of the tube is P; the viscosity of the oil is given


q 
P + 2  ( V − b) =
V 
RT
by η =
(
ρ r 2 − x2) where ν is the velocity of oil at a
4ν
Find the dimensions of constants a and b and also write distance x from the axis of the tube. From this relation,
the units of a and b in the SI system. the dimensions of viscosity η are
Q.19 If the dimensions of length are expressed as (A) M0L0 T0  (B) MLT −1  (C) ML2 T −2  (D) ML−1 T −1 
       
Gx C y hz  where G, C and h are universal gravitational
 
Q.3 The time dependence of a physical quantity is
constant, speed of light in vacuum and Plank’s constant
respectively, then what are the values x, y and z?
( )
given by P=P0 exp −αt2 [Where α is a constant and
t is time]. The constant α
(A) Is dimensionless (B) Has dimensions [T-2]
Q.20 Laplace corrected Newton’s calculation for the (C) Has dimensions [T2] (D) Has dimensions of P
velocity of sound. Laplace said that speed of sound in a
solid medium depends upon the coefficient of elasticity
Q.4 which of the following quantities can be written in
of the medium under adiabatic conditions (E) and the
SI units in kg m2 A-2 s-3
density of the medium ( ρ ).
(A) Resistance (B) Inductance
E
Prove that v = k (C) Capacitance (D) Magnetic flux
ρ
Q.5 If L and R denote inductance and resistance Q.13 In the measurement of n from the formula
respectively, then the dimensions of L/R is 2Wg
n= , the quantity which should be measured
πr 4 θ
(A) M L T
0 0 0
(B) M L T  (C) M L T (D) MLT
0 0 2 0 2 2
        with the best care is
(A) W (B)  (C) r (D) θ
1
Q.6 The dimensions of   ∈ E2
2
Q.14 When the number 6.03587 is rounded off to the
( ∈0 : permittivity of free space; E: electric field) is
second place of decimals, it becomes
(A) MLT −1 (B) ML2 T −2 (C) ML−1 T −2 (D) ML2 T −1
(A) 6.035 (B) 6.04 (C) 6.03 (D) None
Q.7 Which of the following measurements is most

Q.15 If the velocity (V) acceleration (A) and force (F)
accurate?
are taken as fundamental quantities instead of mass
(A) 0.005 mm (B) 5.00 mm (M), length (L) and time (T), the dimension of Young’s
(C) 50.00 mm (D) 5.0 mm modulus would be
(A) FA2 V-2 (B) FA2 V-3 (C) FA2 V-4 (D) FA2 V-5
Q.8 When 97.52 is divided by 2.54, the correct result is
(A) 38.3937 (B) 38.394 Q.16 The number of particles crossing per unit area
perpendicular to x- axis in unit time is
(C) 38.39 (D) 38.4 n − n1
N = −D 2 where n1 and n2 are number of particles
x2 − x1
Q.9 The density of a cube is measured by measuring per unit volume for x1 and x2 respectively. The
its mass and the length of its sides. If the maximum dimensions of diffusion constant D are
error in the measurement of mass and length are 3%
(A) ML0 T2  (B) M0L2 T −4  (C) M0LT −3  (D) M0L2 T −1 
and 2% respectively, then the maximum error in the        
measurement of density is
(A) 9% (B) 7% (C) 5% (D) 1% Q17 If force, acceleration and time are taken as
fundamental quantities, then the dimensions of length
will be
Q.10 A physical quantity is represented by X=Ma LbT-c.
If percentage error in the measurement of M, L and T (A) FT2 (B) F-1 A2 T-1 (C) FA2 T (D) AT2
are α%, β% and γ% respectively, then total percentage
error is Q.18 In a certain system of units, 1 unit of time is 5 sec,
1 unit of mass is 20 kg and unit of length is 10m. In this
(A) ( αa − βb + γc ) % (B) ( αa + βb + γc ) %
system, one unit of power will correspond to
(C) ( αa − βb − γc ) % (D) none of the above (A) 16 watts (B) 1/16 watts
(C) 25 watts (D) None of these
Q.11 The volume of a sphere is 1.76 cm3. The volume
of 25 such spheres taking into account the significant
figures is Q.19 While measuring acceleration due to gravity by a
simple pendulum, a student makes a positive error of
(A) 0.44 × 102 cm3 (B) 44.0 cm3 1% in the length of a pendulum and a negative error
of 3% in the time period. His actual percentage error in
(C) 44 cm3 (D) 44 .00cm3 the measurement of the value of g will be:
(A) 2% (B) 4% (C) 7% (D) 10%
Q.12 The measurement of radius of a sphere is
( 4.22 ± 2% ) cm. The percentage error in volume of the
sphere is Q.20 A body is moving from height x=0.1 m to x=1.2
in 1 sec under constant acceleration of 0.5m/s2. What
(A) ( 315 ± 6% ) (B) ( 315 ± 2% ) was the initial velocity with which it started? (Correct to
C) ( 315 ± 4% ) (D) ( 315 ± 5% ) significant digits)
(A) 0.85m/s (B) 0.9 m/s (C) 1.0 m/s (D) 0.8 m/s
P hysi cs | 1.25
Q.21 A quantity y is related to another quantity x (B) Surface tension

by the equation y=kxa where k and a are constant. If
(C) Modulus of elasticity
percentage error in the measurement of x is p, then
that in y depends upon (D) Coefficient of viscosity
(A) K and a (B) x and a
Q.29 Which of the following physical quantities
(C) p and a (D) p,k and a all represents the dimensional formula M1 L −2 T −2 
 
(A) Energy/ area (B) Pressure
Q.22 Which of the following quantities has smallest
number of significant digits? (C) Force × length (D) pressure per unit length
(A) 0.00145 cm (B) 14.50 cm
Q.30 In a particular system of unit, if the unit of mass
(C) 145.00 cm (D) 145.0 ×10−6 cm become twice & that of time becomes half, then 8
joules will be written as______ units of work
3.06
Q.23 + 1.15 and express the answer in correct
1.2 (A) 16 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 64
significant digits
(A) 3.70 (B) 3.7 (C) 3.75 (D) 3.8 Q.31 Which of the following is not one of the seven
fundamental SI units?
Q.24 Which of the following pairs don’t have same (A) Henry (B) Ampere (C) Candela (D) Mole
dimensions?
Q.32 The dimensional formula for which of the following
(A) Solid angle and vector
pairs is not the same
(B) Potential energy and torque
(A) Impulse and momentum
(C) (Area × velocity) and rate of change of volume with
(B) Torque and work
time
(C) Stress and pressure
(D) None of these
(D) Momentum and angular momentum
Q.25 Which of the following quantities are
dimensionless? (Symbols have their usual meaning) Q.33 Dimensional formula for coefficient of viscosity
(A)
Iω2
Gp
(B) (C)
ρvr
(D)
τθ ( η) [useF= 6πη r v(r= radius ; v = velocity;
mvr T η Iω F = viscous force ]
2
[Useful relation I= mr2, F= = 6πηrv ] (A) ML-2T-1 (B) M-1L1T-1 (C) M1L1T-2 (D) ML-1T-1
5
Q.26 Suppose A=Bn Cm, where A has dimensions LT, B Q34 The time dependence of a physical quantity P is
has dimensions L2 T-1, and C has dimensions LT2. Then  −αt2 
given by p=p0 e  where

α is constant and t is time.
the exponents n and m have values:
The constant α
(A) 2/3; 1/3 (B) 2;3 (C) 4/5; -1/5 (D) 1/5; 3/5
(A) Is dimensionless (B) Has dimensions T-2
Q.27 A uniform wire of length L and mass M is stretched (C) Has dimensions T2 (D) Has dimensions of p
between two fixed points, keeping a tension F. A sound
of frequency µ is aimed on it. Then the maximum
Q.35 From the following pairs of physical quantities, in
vibrational energy is existing in the wire when µ =
which group dimensions are not same:
1 ML FL FM 1 F (A) Momentum and impulse
(A) (B) (C) 2 × (D)
2 F M L 2 ML
(B) Torque and energy
Q.28 The dimension ML-1 T-1 can correspond to (C) Energy and work
(A) Moment of a force (D) Light year and minute

Previous Years’ Questions (B) Emf, potential difference, Electric potential

(C) Heat, Work done, Energy
2
Q.1 In the formula X = 3Y Z , X and Z have dimensions (D) Dipole moment, Electric flux, Electric field
of capacitance and magnetic induction respectively.
What are the dimensions of Y in MKS system? (1995)
Q.8 The circular scale of a screw gauge has 50 divisions
(A) M L T Q
−3 −1 3
4
(B) M L T Q
−3 −2 4 4 and pitch of 0.5mm. Find the diameter of sphere. Main
    scale reading is 2. (2006)
(C) M−2L−2 T 4 Q 4  (D) M−3L−2 T 4 Q  S N H

    AB E
0 5 K
1
Q.2 The dimensions of ε0E2 ( ε0 : permittivity of free R
2
space; E: electric field) is (1996)
(A) MLT −1  (B) ML2 T −1 

    M
(C) MLT −2  (D) None of these (A) 1.2 mm (B) 1.25 mm

  AB S N H
(C) 2.20 mm (D)0 2.25
25 mm
E
K
∆V
Q.3 A quantity X is given by ε0L , where ε0 is the R
∆t
Q.9 A student performs an experiment to determine the
permittivity of free space, L is a length, ∆V is a potential Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2m long, by Searle’s
difference and ∆t is a time interval. The dimensional method. In a particular reading, the student measures
formula for X is the same as that of (1994)
the extension in the length of the wire to be 0.8mm
M
(A) Resistance (B) Charge with an uncertainly of ± 0.05mm at a load of exactly
1.0kg. The student also measures the diameter of the
(C) Voltage (D) Current
wire to be 0.4mm with an uncertainly of ± 0.01mm .
Take g = 9.8m / s2 (exact). The young’s modulus obtained
Q.4 A cube has a side of length 1.2 x10−2 m . Calculate its from the reading is close to (2007)
volume (1999)
(A) ( 2.0 ± 0.3) 1011 N / m2 (B) ( 2.0 ± 0.2 ) 1011 N / m2
(A) 1.7x10 m −6 3
(B) 1.73 x10 m −6 3
(C) ( 2.0 ± 0.1 ) 10 N / m (D) ( 2.0 ± 0.5 ) 1011 N / m2
11 2
(C) 1.70 x10 m (D) 1.732x10−6 m3
−6 3

a
α − Q.10 In the experiment to determine the speed of
Q.5 In the relation ρ = e 10 ρ is pressure, Z is distance,
β sound using a resonance column (2007)
k is Boltzmann constant and θ is the temperature. The (A) Prongs of the tuning fork are kept in a vertical
dimensional formula of β will be (2007)
plane
(A) M0L2 T0  (B) ML2 T  (B) Prongs of the tuning fork are kept in a horizontal
   
plane
(C) ML0 T −1  (D) M0L−2 T −1  (C) In one of the two resonances observed, the length
   
of the resonating air column in close to the wavelength
of sound in air.
Q.6 A wire has mass ∆T radius ( 0.5 ± 0.005 ) mm and
length ( 6 ± 0.06 ) cm . The maximum percentage error in (D) In one of the two resonances observed, the length
the measurement of its density is (2005) of the resonating air column is close to half of the
wavelength of sound in air.
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Q.11 Students I, II and III perform an experiment for
Q.7 Which of the following sets have different measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a
dimensions? (2005) simple pendulum.
(A) Pressure, Young’s modulus, Stress They use different lengths of the pendulum and / or
P hysi cs | 1.27
record time for different number of oscillations. The Given that 1 division on main scale corresponds to
observations are shown in the table. 0.5 degree. Total divisions on the vernier scale is 30 and
match with 29 divisions of the main scale. The angle of
Least count for length = 0.1cm, Least count for time =
the prism from the above data (2012)
0.1s
(A) 58.59° (B) 58.77° (C) 58.65° (D) 59°
Student Length of Number of Total time Time
pendulum oscillations for (n) period
Q.16 Let [e0] denote the dimensional formula of
(cm) (n) Oscillations (s)
the permittivity of vacuum. If M = mass, L = length,
(s)
T = time and A = electric current, then: (2013)
I 64.0 8 128.0 16.0
(A) [e0] = [M-1L-3T4A2]
II 64.0 4 64.0 16.0
III 20.0 4 36.0 9.0 (B) [e0] = [M-1L2T-1A-2]
If EI , EII and EIII are the percentage errors is g.i.e., (B) [e0] = [M-1L2T-1A]
 ∆g  (D) [e0] = [M-1L-3T2A]
 x100  for students I, II and III respectively (2008)
 g 
Q.17 A student measured the length of a rod and wrote
(A) EI = 0 (B) EI is minimum
it as 3.50 cm. Which instrument did he use to measure
(C) EI = EII (D) EI I is max imum it? (2014)
(1) A screw gauge having 100 divisions in the circular
Q.12 A Vernier callipers has 1 mm marks on the main scale and pitch as 1 mm.
scale. It has 20 equal divisions on the vernier scale
(2) A screw gauge having 50 divisions in the circular
which match with 16 main scale divisions. For this
scale and pitch as 1 mm.
vernier callipers, the least count is (2010)
(3) A meter scale.
(A) 0.02 mm (B) 0.05 mm
(4) A vernier calliper where the 10 divisions in vernier
(C) 0.1 mm (D) 0.2 mm
scale matches with 9 division in main scale and main
scale has 10 divisions in 1 cm.
Q.13 The density of a solid ball is to be determined in
an experiment. The diameter of the ball is measured
Q.18 A student measures the time period of 100
with a screw gauge, whose pitch is 0.5mm and there are
oscillations of a simple pendulum four times. That data
50 divisions on the circular scale. The reading on the
set is 90 s, 91 s, 95 s and 92 s. If the minimum division
main scale is 2.5mm and that on the circular scale is 20
in the measuring clock is 1 s, then the reported mean
divisions. If the measured mass of the ball has a relative
time should be: (2016)
error of 2% the relative percentage error in the density
is (2011) (A) 92 ± 5.0 s (B) 92 ± 1.8 s
(A) 0.9% (B) 2.4% (C) 3.1% (D) 4.2% (C) 92 ± 3 s (D) 92 ± 2 s
Q.14 Resistance of a given wire is obtained by measuring Q.19 A screw gauge with a pitch of 0.5 mm and a
the current flowing in it and the voltage difference circular scale with 50 divisions is used to measure the
applied across it. If the percentage errors in the thickness of a thin sheet of Aluminium. Before starting
measurement of the current and the voltage difference the measurement, it is found that when the two jaws of
are 3% each, then error in the value of resistance of the the screw gauge are brought in contact, the 45th division
wire is (2012) coincides with the main scale line and that the zero of
the main scale is barely visible. What is the thickness of
(A) 6% (B) zero (C) 1% (D) 3%
the sheet if the main scale reading is 0.5mm and the
25th division coincides with the main scale line? (2016)
Q.15 A spectrometer gives the following reading when
used to measure the angle of a prism. (A) 0.80 mm (B) 0.70 mm
Main scale reading: 58.5 degree (C) 0.50 mm (D) 075 mm
Vernier scale reading: 09 divisions

JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1
density ( ρ ) , and the coefficient of viscosity ( η) of the
liquid. Obtain an expression for the critical velocity.
Q.1 A research worker takes 100 careful readings in
an experiment. If he repeats the same experiment by
taking 400 readings, then by what factor will be the Q.9 The mass m of the heaviest stone that can be moved
probable error be decreased? by the water flowing in a river varies with the speed
of water (V), density of water (d) and the acceleration
due to gravity. Prove that the heaviest mass moved is
Q.2 The length, breadth and thickness of a rectangular
proportional to the sixth power of speed. Also find the
sheet of metal are 4.234m, 1.005m and 2.01 cm
complete dependence.
respectively. Find the area and volume of the sheet to
correct significant figures.
Q.10 The frequency (f) of a stretched string of linear
mass density (m), length (  ) depends (in addition to
Q.3 The intensity of X- rays decreases exponentially
quantities specified before) on the force of stretching
according to the law I=i e−µx , where i is the initial
intensity of X-rays and I is the intensity after it penetrates k F
(F). Prove that f = where k is a dimensionless
a distance X through lead. If µ be the absorption  m
constant.
coefficient, then find the dimensional formula for µ.
Q.11 Find out the maximum percentage error while the

Q.4 Two resistors have resistance R1 = ( 24 ± 0.5 ) Ω and
following observations were taken in the determination
R 2 =( 8 ± 0.3) Ω . Calculate the absolute error and the
of the value of acceleration of the value of acceleration
percentage relative error in calculating the combination
due to gravity. Length of thread=100.2cm; radius of
of two resistors when they are in (a) Series (b) Parallel
bob=2.34cm; Time of one oscillation=2.3s. Calculate
the value of maximum percentage error up to the
Q.5 In an electrical set up, the following readings are required significant figures. Which quantity will be
obtained. measured more be measured more accurately?
Voltmeter reading (V)=6.4V
Ammeter reading (I) = 2.0A Q.12 Determine the focal length of the lens from the
following readings:
The respective least counts of the instruments used
in these measurements are 0.2V and 0.1A. Calculate Object distance,
= u 20.1 ± 0.2cm ;
the value of resistance of the wire with maximum Image distance,
= v 50.1 ± 0.5cm .
permissible absolute error and relative percentage
error.
Q.13 The specific gravity of the material of a body is
determined by weighing the body first in air and then
Q.6 The radius of a proton is 10-9 micron and that of in water. If the weight in air is 10.0 ± 0.1 gw and weight
universe is 1027m. Identify an object whose size lies in water is 50. ± 0.1 gw, then what is the maximum
approximately midway between these two extremes on possible percentage error in the specific gravity?
the logarithmic scale.
Q.14 The following observation were actually made
Q.7 If the velocity of light (c), gravitational constant during an experiment to find the radius of curvature
(G) and the plank’s constant (h) are selected as the of a concave mirror using a spherometre:  = 4.4 cm;
fundamental units, find the dimensional formulae for h=0.085 cm. The distance  between the legs of the
mass, length and time in this new system of units. spherometre was measured with a metre rod and the
least count of the spherometre was 0.001 cm. Calculate
Q.8 The critical velocity (Vc) of flow of a liquid through the maximum possible error in the radius of curvature.
a pipe depends upon the diameter (d) of the pipe,
P hysi cs | 1.29
Q.15 It has been observed that the rate of flow (V) of Q.22 As part of their introduction of the metric system
a liquid of viscosity η through a capillary tube of radius the national convention made an attempt to introduce
(r) depends upon η ,r and the pressure gradient P decimal time. In this plan, which was not successful, the
maintained across the length (  ) of the tube. Assuming day-starts at midnight into 10 decimal hours consisting
a power law dependence, prove that the rate of flow of 100 decimal minutes each. The hands of a surviving
of liquid is proportional to r4. Also find the exact decimal pocket watch are stopped at 8 decimal hours,
expression up to a constant. 22.8 decimal minutes. What time is it representing in
the usual system?
Q.16 The height h to which a liquid rises in a tube of
radius (r) depends upon the density of the liquid (d), Q.23 Figure shows a frustum of a cone
surface tension (T), and acceleration due to gravity r₁
(g). Show that it would not be possible to derive the
relation without the additional information that h is h
inversely proportional to r. Also find the relation.
r₂
Q.17 The viscosity η of gas depends upon its mass m,
Match the following dimensionally:
the effective diameter D and the mean speed v of the
molecules present in the gas. Assuming a power law, (a) Total 1/2
find dependence of η on all these quantities. (i) π (r1 + r2 ) h2 + (r − r ) 
2
circumference of the
 1 2 

flat circular faces
Q.18 The distance moved by a particle in time from
the center of a ring under the influence of its gravity is (b) Volume
given by x=a sin ωt where a and ω are constant. If ω is (ii) 2π (r1 + r2 )
found to depend on the radius of the ring (r), its mass (c) Area of the
(m) and universal gravitation constant (G), find using curved surface (
2 2
(iii) πh r1 + r1r2 + r2 )
dimensional analysis an expression for ω in terms of r,
m and G.
Q.24 Suppose that a man defines a unit of force as
mv that which acts due to gravitation between two point
Q.19 The centripetal force is given by F = . The masses each of 1 kg and 1 m apart. What would be
r
mass, velocity and radius of the circular path of an the value of ‘G’ in this new system? What would be the
object are 0.5kg, 10m/s and 0.4 m respectively. Find value of one newton in this new system?
the percentage error in the force. Given: m,v and are Given: G (in SI unit system) =6.6 ×10−11 .
measured to accuracies of 0.005 kg, 0.01m/s and 0.01
m respectively.   Gm1m2  
Use  F = 
  r 2  
Q.20 An experiment to determine the specific resistance
ρ of a metal wire provided the following observations.
Q.25 The distance between neighbouring atoms or
Resistance of R= ( 64 ± 2 ) ohm; Length  = (156 ± 0.1 ) cm; molecules, in a solid substance can be estimated by
calculating twice the radius of a sphere with volume
Radius r= ( 0.26 ± 0.02 ) cm
equal to the volume per atoms of the material.
πr 2R Calculate the distance between neighboring atoms in
If s is expressed as: ρ = Find the percentage error
in ρ .  the following: (a) iron (b) sodium
Given: The densities of iron and sodium are 7870 kg/m3
Q.21 The consumption of natural gas by a company and 1013 kg/m3 respectively, the mass of an iron atom
satisfied the empirical equation = V 1.50 t + 0.008 t2 , is 9.27 ×10−26 kg and the mass of sodium atom is 3.82
where ’V’ is the volume in millions of cubic metre and ‘t’
×10−26 kg.
is the time in months. Expressed this equation in units
of cubic metre and seconds, put the proper units on the
α
coefficients. Assume a month is of 30 days. Q.26 If force ‘F’ and density‘d’ are related as F = ,
then find out the dimensions of α & β . β+ d
Q.27 If the velocity of light ‘c’ Gravitational constant ‘G’ Multiple Correct Choice Type
& Plank’s constant ‘h’ be chosen as fundamental units,
find the dimensions of mass, length & time in this new Q.5 If dimension of length are expressed as Gx, cy, hz
system. where G, c and h are the universal gravitational constant,
speed of light and plank’s constant respectively, then:
a
nRT − RTV
Q.28 In the formula; ρ = e , find the (A) x=(1/2),y=(1/2) (B) x=(1/2),z=(1/2)
v −b
dimensions of ‘a’ and ‘b’ where P=pressure, n=no. of (C) y=(-3/2), z=(1/2) (D) y=(1/2), z=(3/2)
moles, T=temperature, V=volume and R=universal gas
constant. Q.6 Which of the following groups have the same
dimensions?
Q.29 A ball thrown horizontally from a height ‘H’ with (A) Velocity, speed (B) Pressure, stress
speed ‘v’ travels a total horizontal distance ‘R’. From
dimensional analysis, find a possible dependence of ‘R’ (C) Force, impulse (D) Work, energy
on H, v and g. It is known that ‘R’ is directly proportional
to ‘v’. Comprehension Type
Paragraph 1: The van-der Waals equation is

Exercise 2
 a 
RT, where P is pressure, V is molar
 P + 2  (V − b) =
Single Correct Choice Type  V 
volume and T is the temperature of the given sample of
Q.1 The percentage error in measurement of a physical gas. R is called molar gas constant, a and b are called
quantity m given by m =π tan θ is minimum when Vander walls constants.
(A) θ = 450 (B) θ =900

Q.7 The dimensional formula for b is same as that for
(C) θ =600 (D) θ =300
(A) P (B) V (C) PV2 (D) RT
(Assumed that error in θ remain constant)
Q.8 The dimensional formula for a is same as that for
Q.2 A vernier calliper having 1 main scale division =0.1
(A) V2 (B) P (C) PV2 (D) RT
cm is designed to have a least count of 0.02cm. If n be
the number of divisions on vernier scale and m be the
length of vernier scale, then Q.9 Which of the following does not possess the same
dimensional formula as that for RT
(A) n=10, m=0.5cm (B) n=9, m=0.4 cm
(A) PV (B) Pb (C) a/V2 (D) ab/V2
(C) n=10, m=0.8 cm (D) n=10, m=0.2cm
Q.10 The dimensional formula for ab/RT is

Q.3 In a vernier caliper, N divisions of vernier scale
coincides with N-1 divisions of main scale (in which (A) ML5 T −2 (B) M0L3 T0 (C) ML−1 T −2 (D) M0L6 T0
length of one division is 1 mm). The least count of the
instrument should be Q.11 The dimensional formula of RT is same as that of
(A) N mm (B) N-1 mm (A) Energy (B) Force
1 1 (C) Specific heat (D) Latent heat
(C) cm (D) mm
10 N N−1
Paragraph 2: The power of a hovering helicopter
Q.4 Choose the option whose pair doesn’t have same depends on its linear size, the density of air and
dimensions. (g × density of the helicopter) as power ∝ (linear size)
(A) (Pressure × volume) & Work done x
(density of air)y (g × density of helicopter)z where g
(B) (Force × Time) & Change in momentum is acceleration due to gravity. Given: [power] = ML2 T −3
(C) Kilocalorie & joule [Linear Size]=L; [Density]= ML-3
(D) Angle & no. of moles [g × density]= ML-2T-2

P hysi cs | 1.31
Q.12 The value of y in above expression is Q.17 Considering force (F), velocity (V) and Energy € as
1 1 3 7 fundamental quantities, match the correct dimensions
(A) (B) − (C) (D) of following quantities.
2 2 2 2
Column I Column II
Q.13 The value of x in the above expression is
(A) Mass (p) F1 V 0E1 
1 1 3 7  
(A) (B) − (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
(B) Light year (q) F1 V1E−1 
 
Q.14 The ratio of power output of engine of two
helicopters when linear size of one helicopter is one (C) (r)
fourth of linear size of other and all other parameters 1 F3 V 0E−2 
Frequency    
remaining same is T
(A) 132 (B) 16 (C) 128 (D) 4 (D) Pressure (s) F0 V −2E1 
 
Match the Columns
Q.15 Match the physical quantities in column I with Previous Years’ Questions
their dimensional formulae expressed in column II.
Column I Column II Paragraph 1: A dense collection of equal number of

electrons and positive ions is called neutral plasma.
(A) Angular momentum (p) Certain solids containing fixed positive ions surrounded
ML2 T −2
by free electrons can be treated as neutral plasma. Let
(B) Latent heat (q) ML2 T −2 A −2 N be the number density of free electrons, each of
mass m. When the electrons are subjected to an electric
(C) Torque (r) field, they are displaced relatively away from the heavy
ML2 T −1
positive ions. If the electric field becomes zero, the
(D) Capacitance (s) electrons begin to oscillate about the positive ions
ML3 T −3 A −2
with a natural angular frequency ωp' , which is called
the plasma frequency. To sustain the oscillations, a
(E) Inductance (t) M−1L−2 T 4 A2 time varying electric field needs to be applied that has
an angular frequency ω , where a part of the energy is
(F) Resistivity (u) ML2 T −2 A −1 absorbed and a part of it is reflected. As ω approaches
ωp , all the free electrons are set to resonance together,
(G) Magnetic Flux (v) and all the energy is reflected. This is the explanation of
ML−1 T −2
high reflectivity of metals (2011)
(H) Magnetic energy (w)
L2 T −2
density Q.1 Taking the electronic charge as  and the permittivity
as ε0 , use dimensional analysis to determine the correct
expression for ωp .
Q.16 Entries in column I are representing physical
quantities whereas entries in column II are representing
Ne mε0 Ne2 mε0
dimensions. Match the columns. (A) (B) (C) (D)
mε0 Ne mε0 Ne2
Column I Column II
(A) Angle (p) Q.2 Estimate the wavelength at which plasma reflection
M1L2 T −3
will occur for a metal having the density of electronics
(B) Power (q) N = 4 × 1027 m–3. Take ε0 = 10−11 and m = 10−30 , where
M0L0 T0 these quantities are in proper SI units.
(C) Work (r) (A) 800 mm (B) 600 mm
M1L2 T −2
(C) 300 mm (D) 200 mm
(D) Unit vector (s)
M1L1 T −2
Paragraph 2: Phase space diagrams are useful tools Momentum Momentum

in analyzing all kinds of dynamical problems. They are
especially useful in studying the changes in motion
as initial position and momentum are changed. Here (C)
Position
(D)
Position
we consider some simple dynamical systems in one-
dimension. For such systems, phase space is a plane
in which position is plotted along horizontal axis and
Match the Columns
momentum is plotted along vertical axis. The phase
space diagram is x(t) vs p(t) curve in this plane. The Q.5 Column I gives three physical quantities. Select the
arrow on the curve indicates the time flow. For example, appropriate units for the choices given in column II.
the phase space diagram for a particle moving with Some of the physical quantities may have more than
constant velocity is a straight line as shown in the one choice. (1990)
figure. We use the sign convention in which position
or momentum upwards (or to right) is positive and Column I Column II
downwards (or to left) is negative. (2011)
(A) Capacitance (p) Ohm-second
(B) Inductance (q) Coulomb2-Joule -1
(C) Magnetic Induction (r) Coulomb (volt)-1
Momentum
(s) Newton (ampere

metre)-1
Position (t) Volt-second

(ampere)-1
Q.3 The phase space diagram for a ball thrown vertically
up from ground is Q.6 Match the physical quantities given in column I with
Momentum Momentum dimensions expressed in terms of mass (M), length (L),
time (T), and charge (Q) given in column II and write the
correct answer against the match quantity in a tabular
(A)
Position
(B)
Position form in your answer book (1993)
Column I Column II
Momentum Momentum
(A) Angular momentum
(p) ML2 T −2 
 
(C) (D)
(B) Latent heat
(q) ML2Q −2 
Position Position
 
Q.4 Consider the spring-mass system, with the mass (C) Torque
(r) ML2 T −1 
submerged in water, as shown in the figure. The phase  
space diagram for one cycle of this system is
(D) Capacitance
(s) ML3 T −1Q2 
 
(E) Inductance
(t) M−1L−2 T2Q2 
 
(F) Resistivity
(u) L2 T −2 
 
Momentum Momentum
Q.7 Some physical quantities are given in column I
(A) (B) and some possible SI units in which these quantities
may be expressed are given in column II. Match the
physical quantities in column I with the units in
Position Position
column II. (2007)
P hysi cs | 1.33
Column I Column II Column I Column II

(A) GMeMs (p) (volt) (A) The energy of (p) System: A
(coulomb) the system is capacitor, initially
G - Universal gravitational (metre) increased. uncharged.
constant,
Process: It is
Me - Mass of the earth, connected to a
Ms - Mass of the sun. battery.
(B) (q) (kilogram) (B) Mechanical (q) System: A gas in an

3RT energy is adiabatic container
(metre)3
M
(second)-2 provided to the fitted with an
R – Universal gas system, which is adiabatic piston.
constant, converted into
T – Absolute temperature, energy of random
motion of its
M- Molar mass. parts.
(C) (r) (metre)2 (C) Internal energy (r) System: A gas in
F2
2 2
(second)-2 of the system rigid container.
qB
is converted
F – Force, Process: The gas
into mechanical
gets cooled due to
q- Charge, energy
colder atmosphere
B – Magnetic field. surrounding it.
(D) (s) (farad) (D) Mass of the (s) System: A heavy
GMe
(volt)2 system is nucleus fission
Re decreased into two fragments
(kg)-1
G – Universal gravitational of nearly equal
constant, masses and some
Me - Mass of the earth, neutrons are
emitted.
R e - Radius of the earth.
(t) System: A resistive
wire loop.
Q.8 Column II gives certain systems undergoing a process.
Process: The loop
Column II suggests changes in some of the parameters
is placed in a time
related to the system. Match the statements in column I
varying magnetic
to the appropriate process (es) from column II. (2009)
field perpendicular
to its plane.
Q.9 Column II shows five systems in which two objects are labelled as x and Y. Also in each case a point P is shown.
column I gives some statements about X and / or Y. Match these statements to the appropriate systems (s) from
column II. (2009)
Column I Column II
(A) The force exerted by X on Y (p) Y Block Y of mass M left on a fixed

has a magnitude Mg. inclined plane X slides on it with a
X constant velocity.
P
Column I Column II
(B) The gravitational potential (q) P Two ring magnets Y and Z, each
energy of X is continuously of mass M, are kept in frictionless
vertical plastic stand so that they
Z
increasing.
Y repel each other. Y rests on the base
X X and Z hangs in air in equilibrium.
P is the topmost point of the stand
on the common axis of the two rings.
The whole system is in lift that is
going up with a constant velocity.
(C) Mechanical energy of the (r) Y

A pulley Y of mass m0 is fixed to a
system X+Y is continuously
table through a clamp X. A block of
P
decreasing. X mass M hangs from a string that goes
over the pulley and is fixed at point
P of the table. The whole system is
kept in a lift that is going down with
a constant velocity.
(D) The torque of the weight of (s) A sphere Y of mass M is put in a non-
Y about point P is zero viscous liquid X kept in a container
at rest. The sphere is released and it
moves down in the liquid
Y
X
P
(t) A sphere Y of mass M is falling with

its terminal velocity in a viscous liquid
X kept in a container.
X
P
Q.10 L, C and R represent the physical quantities Q.12 The pairs of physical quantities that have the same
inductance, capacitance and resistance respectively. dimensions is (are) (1995)
The combinations of which have the dimensions of
(A) Reynolds number and coefficient of friction
frequency (1984)
(B) Curie and frequency of a light wave
(A) 1/RC (B) R/L (C) 1 / LC (D) C/L
(C) Latent heat and gravitational potential
Q.11 The dimensions of the quantities in one (or more) (D) Plank’s constant and torque.
of the following pairs are the same. Identify the pair are
the same. (1986)
Q.13 Let ε0  denote the dimensional formula of
(A) Torque and work the permittivity of the vacuum and µ0  that of the
(B) Angular momentum and work permeability of the vacuum. If M = mass, L=length,
T=time and I=electric current. (1998)
(C) Energy and Young’s modulus
M−1L−3 T −2 I  (B) ε  =
(A) ε0  =  −1 −3 4 2 
(D) Light year and wavelength    0  M L T I 
P hysi cs | 1.35
MLT −2 I −2  (D) µ  =
(C) µ0  =  2 −1  (A) 5.112 cm (B) 5.124 cm
   0  ML T I 
(C) 5.136 cm (D) 5.148 cm
Q.14 The SI unit of inductance, Henry can by written as

(1998) Q.18 During Searle’s experiment, zero of the Vernier
scale lies between 3.20 × 10–2 m and 3.25 × 10–2 m of
(A) Weber / ampere (B) Volt-second / ampere the main scale. The 20th division of the Vernier scale
(C) Joule / (ampere)2 (D) Ohm-second exactly coincides with one of the main scale divisions.
When an additional load of 2 kg is applied to the wire,
Q.15 A student uses a simple pendulum of exactly the zero of the Vernier scale still lies between 3.20 ×
1 m length to determine g, the acceleration due to 10–2 m and 3.25 × 10–2 m of the main scale but now
gravity. He used a stop watch with the least count of the 45th division of Vernier scale coincides with one of
1s for this and recorded 40s for 20 oscillations. For this the main scale divisions. The length of the thin metallic
observation, which of the following statement (s) is / wire is 2 m and its cross-sectional area is 8 × 10–7 m2.
are true? (2004) The least count of the Vernier scale is 1.0 × 10–5 m. The
maximum percentage error in the Young’s modulus of
(A) Error ∆T in measuring T, the time period, is 0.05s.
the wire is (2014)
(B) Error ∆T in measuring T, the time period, is 1s.
(C) Percentage error in the determination of g is 5%. Q.19 The energy of a system as a function of time t
is given as E(t) = A2exp(-at), where α = 0.2 s-1. The
(D) Percentage error in the determination of g is 2.5%.
measurement of A has an error of 1.25 %. If the error
in the measurement of time is 1.50 %, the percentage
Q.16 In the determination of Young’s modulus error in the value of E(t) at t = 5 s is (2015)
 4MLg 
Y =  by using Searle’s method, a wire of length
 πld2  Q.20 Consider a Vernier callipers in which each 1 cm
L = 2m and diameter d = 0.5 mm is used. For a load on the main scale is divided into 8 equal divisions and
a screw gauge with 100 divisions on its circular scale.
M = 2.5 kg, an extension  = 0.25 mm in the length of
In the Vernier callipers, 5 divisions of the Vernier scale
the wire is observed. Quantities d and  are measured
coincide with 4 divisions on the main scale and in the
using a screw gauge and a micrometer, respectively.
screw gauge, one complete rotation of the circular
They have the same pitch of 0.5 mm. The number of
scale moves it by two divisions on the linear scale.
divisions on their circular scale is 100. The contributions
Then: (2015)
to the maximum probable error of the Y measurement
(2012) (A) If the pitch of the screw gauge is twice the least
count of the Vernier callipers, the least count of the
(A) Due to the errors in the measurements of d and 
screw gauge is 0.01 mm.
are the same.
(B) If the pitch of the screw gauge is twice the least
(B) Due to the error in the measurement of d is twice
count of the Vernier callipers, the least count of the
that due to the error in the measurement of  .
screw gauge is 0.005 mm.
(C) Due to the error in the measurement of  is twice
(C) If the least count of the linear scale of the screw
that due to the error in the measurement of d.
gauge is twice the least count of the Vernier callipers,
(D) Due to the error in the measurement of d is four the least count of the screw gauge is 0.01 mm.
times that due to the error in the measurement of  .
(D) If the least count of the linear scale of the screw
gauge is twice the least count of the Vernier callipers,
Q.17 The diameter of a cylinder is measured using a the least count of the screw gauge is 0.005 mm.
Vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found that the
zero of the Vernier scale lies between 5.10 cm and 5.15
Q.21 There are two Vernier calipers both of which have
cm of the main scale. The Vernier scale has 50 divisions
1 cm divided into 10 equal divisions on the main scale.
equivalent to 2.45 cm. The 24th division of the Vernier
The Vernier scale of one of the calipers (C1) has 10 equal
scale exactly coincides with one of the main scale
divisions that correspond to 9 main scale divisions.
divisions. The diameter of the cylinder is (2013)
The Vernier scale of the other caliper (C2) has 10 equal
divisions that correspond to 11 main scale divisions. The readings of the two calipers are shown in the figure. The
measured values (in cm) by calipers C1 and C2 respectively, are (2016)
2 3 4
C1
0 5 10
2 3 4
C1
0 5 10
(A) 2.87 and 2.86 (B) 2.87 and 2.87 (C) 2.87 and 2.83 (D) 2.85 and 2.82
Q.22 In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity g, the formula used for the time period of
7 (R − r )
a periodic motion is T = 2π . The values of R and r are measured to be (60 ± 1) mm and (10 ± 1) mm,
5g
respectively. In five successive measurements, the time period is found to be 0.52 s, 0.56 s, 0.57 s, 0.54 s and 0.59 s.
The least count of the watch used for the measurement of time period is 0.01 s. Which of the following statement(s)
is(are) true? (2016)
(A) The error in the measurement of r is 10% (B) The error in the measurement of T is 3.57%
(C) The error in the measurement of T is 2% (D) The error in the determined value of g is 11%
MASTERJEE Essential Questions
JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards
Exercise 1 Exercise 1
Q. 1 Q. 3 Q.13 Q. 3 Q. 5 Q. 14
Q. 22
Exercise 2 Exercise 2
Q. 9 Q. 10 Q. 21 Q. 1 Q. 3 Q. 21
Q. 36 Q. 54 Q. 56
P hysi cs | 1.37
Answer Key
JEE Main/Boards
Exercise 1
Q.1 0.17,17% Q.2 (422+1.7) ×103cm3 Q.3 12%
Q.5 ( 2 ± 0.8 ) C
0
Q.4 (375 ± 0.17) × 104 m2 Q.6 0.8%

Q.7 4.8gm/cc Q.8 0.882 m2 Q.9 4.8g/cm3
Q.10 1.2 kg Q.11 FL−1 T2 

 
Q.12 m/s3, ms2, ms and [LT-3], [LT-2], [LT-1]
 mv 2 
Q.13  4.2 α −1 β−2 γ 2  Q.14 F =  Q.16 3.3 × 105 J / kg
   r   

 1 3 1
Q.18 ML5 T −2  , L3  and kg m5 s−2 ,m3 Q.19  x = ,y = − ,z = Q.21 R
     2 2 2

 2 
4π 3
Q.22 T2 =  r
 GM 
 
Exercise 2
Q.1 A Q.2 D Q.3 B Q.4 A Q.5 B Q.6 C
Q.7 C Q.8 D Q.9 A Q.10 B Q.11 B Q.12 A
Q.13 C Q.14 B Q.15 C Q.16 D Q.17 D Q.18 A
Q.19 C Q.20 B Q.21 C Q.22 A Q.23 D Q.24 D
Q.25 C Q.26 D Q27 D Q.28 D Q.29 D Q.30 B
Q.31 A Q.32 D Q.33 D Q34 B Q.35 D
Previous Years’ Questions

Q.1 B Q.2 D Q.3 D Q.4 A Q.5 A Q.6 D
Q.7 D Q.8 A Q.9 B Q.10 A Q.11 B Q.12 D
Q.13 C Q.14 A Q.15 C Q.16 A Q.17 D Q.18 D
Q.19 A
JEE Advanced/Boards  T 
Q.16 h = k  
 rdg 
Exercise 1
kmv
Q.17 η =
Q.1 By a factor of 4 D2
Q.3 L-1 Q.19 3.7%
Q.4 R=
S (32 ± 0.8 ) Ω,R=
S (32Ω ± 2.5% ) ; Q.20 18.6%
RP= ( 6 ± 0.2) Ω,RS= ( 6Ω ± 3.33% ) Q.21 R
Q.22 7 hour 44 minute 50 second PM

Q.5 R= (3.2 ± 0.26 ) Ω,R= (3.2 ± 8% ) Ω
Q.23 (a) (ii); (c) (i)
Q.6 106 m, Earth
1
−
1 1 −3 1 1 −5 1 1 Q.24 1 newton=1.5 ×1010 G unit
Q.7 M
= c=
2 G 2 h2 , L c=
2 G2 h2 , T c2 G2 h2
Q.25 (a) 282 pm (b) 416 pm
Kη
Q.8 Vc =
ρd Q.26 M3/2 L−1/2 T −2 ,M1/2 L−3/2 T0
KV 6 d Q.27 h1/2 .c1/2 .G−1/2  ;
Q.9 m  
3
g
 1/2 −3/2
L  = h .c .G1/2  ;
Q.11 9.2%, Time period  
 T  = h .c
1/2 −5/2
.G 
1/2
Q.12 14.3 ± 0.4 cm  
5 −2
Q.13 3% Q.28 a ML
= = T , b  L3
Q.14 0.068
H
r 4p Q.29 R = kv
Q.15 V = K g
η
Exercise 2 Comprehension Type
Q.7 B Q.8 C Q.9 C

Q.10 D Q.11 A Q.12 B
Q.1 A Q.2 C
Q.13 D Q.14 C
Q.3 C Q.4 D
Matric Match Type
Multiple Correct Choice Type
Q.15 A→r, B→ w, C→p, D→t, E→q, F→s, G→u, H→v
Q.5 B, C Q.6 A, B, D
Q.16 A→q, B→p, C→r, D→q
Q.17 A→s, B→p, C→q, D→r

Q.1 C Q.2 B Q.3 D Q.4 B Q.7 A→p,q; B→r,s; C→r,s; D→r,s
Q.8 A→p,q,s,t; B→q; C→s; D→s Q.9 A→p,t; B→q,s,t; C→p,r,t; D→q Q.10 A, B, C
Q.11 A, D Q.12 A, D Q.13 C Q.14 A, B, D Q.15 A, C
Q.16 A Q.17 B Q.18 4 Q.19 4 Q.20 B, C
Q.21 C Q.22 A, B, D
P hysi cs | 1.39
Solutions
JEE Main/Boards Sol 3: g =

4 π2 
T2
Exercise 1  ∆g   ∆L   ∆T 
=    + 2 
 g   L   T 
mv 2
Sol 1: F =
r Now what we mean by 2% uncertainty in  is
∆F  ∆m   ∆v   ∆r  … (i)  ∆L 
=   + 2  +   → (1)   × 100.
F  m   v   r   L 
Generally any measured physical quantity is noted in Accordingly;
the form of (S ± ∆S) . So, here ∆S is the absolute error.
 ∆g   ∆L   ∆T 
∴ When we look at =
m 3.5 ± 0.1 ;   × 100 =   × 100 + 2   × 100
 g   L   T 
∆m 0.1 =
= and m 3.5
= 2% + 2 × 5% = 12%
Now using formula (i)
∆F  0.1   1   0.5  Sol 4:

=  (250 ± 5)m and
= b (150 ± 4)m
=  + 2  +   = 0.168
F  3.5   20   12.5 
Area of the rectangle =  × b sq.units
∆F ∴= (1)
A Lb → … (i)
= 0.17
F
Hence the relative error is 0.17 and the percentage ∆A  ∆L   ∆b 
= +  → (2) … (ii)
would be (0.17) × 100 =17% A  L   b 
Sol 2: Volume of the cube for side of length ‘L’ is L3 Cu. Now let us first find the area,
Units. A 250 × 150m2
=
∴ V = L3 A 375 × 102 m2
=
 ∆V   ∆L  ∆A  5   4 
 =3 ⋅   → (1) … (i) Now
=  + 
 V   L  A  250   150 
Here we have to write the volume in standard form i.e.
∆A
V + ∆V = 0.046
A
V = (75)2 cm3
∆A =1750 m2
3
V = 421875cm
∴ Area = (375 × 102 + 1750)m2
3
=⇒ V 422000 cm → (1) … (ii)
Area = (375 + 0.17) × 10 4 m2
∆V  ∆L 
Now = 3.   .V
V  L  Sol 5: T initial 0
= (15 ± 0.5)°Cc
0
 0.1  = (17 ± 0.3)°C
T final c
∆
=V 3 × 421875 
 75  Rise in temperature =
= (2 ± 0.8).
∆V =1687.5 Wondering why it’s not 0.2…..99

There we not the error value such that in the given
V 1700 → (2).
⇒ ∆= … (iii)
reading will not fluctuate above the error value. So let
0
∴ Volume of the cube = (422+1.7) ×103cm3 T1 (15 − 0.5)°C
us say = Tf (17 + 0.3)0°C
C and = C then in this
case we get DT = (2 ± 0.8)°C!
Now by no means we can get ∆T more then 2.80 c this

a = 1; a + b =0; −2a + c =0
is the inner meaning of error.
⇒ a = 1; b = −1; c = 2.
Sol 6: Surface area of the sphere = 4 πr 2 Sq. units ∴ M = [F L–1 T2]
∆S  ∆r   ∆S   ∆r 
= 2.   ⇒   × 100= 2   × 100 Sol 12: V = At2 + Bt + C
S  r   S   r 
Now using the concept of Dimensions; all the individual
 ∆S  terms i.e. At2 , Bt, C should have the dimension of
⇒  2(0.4%) =0.8 %
 × 100 = velocity v.
 S 
T −1 ] m / s.
∴ C [L=
=
mass And Bt = [L T −1 ]
Sol 7: Density =
volume
⇒ B[T] = [L T −1 ] = T −2 ] m / s2
⇒ B [L=
Mass = 5.74 gm → 3 significant digits
And At2 = [L T −1 ]
Volume = 1.2 cc → 2 significant digits
A[t2 ] = [L T −1 ]
5.74
∴d= = 4.78 = 4.8 gm/cc A [L T −3 ] ⇒=
= −3
A [L T = ] m / s3 .
1.2
 Final result should be in 2 significant digits. Calorie = 4.2[M2 L2 T −2 ]
Now we change the system of units to m', L', T'
Sol 8: Diameter given
m' = αm
= 1.06 m → 3 significant digits.
L' = β
π.d2
And now Area = t' = r t.
4
A = 0.88206 ⇒ A = 0.882m2  m' L'2  T' −2 
Hence=
C 4.2  ⋅ ⋅  
 α β2  γ  
 
Sol 9: Solution similar to Q.7
4.2
C= [m' L'2 T'−2 ]
Sol 10:=
m1 1.2kg → 2 Significant digits αβ2 γ −2
m2 5.42g → 3 Significant digits

= ⇒ C = 4.2 α −1 β−2 γ 2 [m' L'2 T'−2 ]
∴ (m1 + m2 ) would be of 2 significant digit … (i) Hence the magnitude in new units is 4.2 α −1 β−2 γ 2 .
3
m1 + m2 = (1.2 × 10 + 5.42)gms = 1205.42gm (*) Do the same procedure for any question on change
[using(i)]
⇒ 1200 gm[using → (1)] in the units.
∴ m1 + m2 =
1.2kg
Sol 14: This is again a very standard problem.
[This is what happens when we add 10 to a million]
F = ma v b r c
Sol 11: All the problems of this kind; can be solved by And F = [ML T −2 ]
the following method.
−2
⇒ [M L T= ] [M]a ⋅[L T −1 ]b [L]c
M = Fa Lb Tc
But we know that; ⇒ [M L T −2 ] = [Ma Lb + c T −b ]
F = [M L T −2 ] Comparing the powers;

∴ M = [ML T −2 ]a [L]b [T]c a = 1, b = 2, c = −1
a a +b −2a+ c
M = [M L T ] mv 2
∴F=
Comparing the corresponding coefficients r
P hysi cs | 1.41
2 −2
Sol 15: (i) Dimensions of energy = [M L T ] L = [M−a+ c L3a+b + 2c T −2a−b −c ]
Let M1 ,L1 , T1 represent mass in gram, length in cm and Comparing the corresponding component;
time in second. c−a =0
And M2 ,L2 , T2 represents mass in kilogram, length in 3a + b + 2c =1c
meters and time in second.
−2a − b − c =0
Now n1 [M1 L21 T1−2 ] = n2 [M2 L22 T2−2 ] Solve for a,b,c.
 M  L 2  T −2  ∗ This is a typical question from this chapter. So keep
n1 = n2  2  2   2   practicing problems of this type.
 M1  L1   T1  
 
Sol 20: V∝(k)a(E)b(ρ)c
(
⇒ n1 = n2 103 (102 )2 1 ⇒ n=
1 )
n2 × 103+ 4 
  −3 −1
k = [ML−1 T −2 ] , E = [ML2 T −2 ] , ρ =[ML ] , V = [L T ]
7
⇒ n=
1 n2 × 10
Now follow the same procedure as above to find a=1,
7
⇒ 1 Joule = 10 erg. [ n2 = 1] b = 1 / 2, c = −1 / 2
(ii) Similar method for (ii). Π R 4 pP

Sol 21: n = . .
8  qQ
Sol 16: L = 80 cal/gm. Now we have to express it in
J/kg.  ∆n   ∆R   ∆L   ∆P   ∆Q 
 = 4.  + + + 
 n   R   L   P   Q 
We know that 1 cal = 4.2 J and 1 gm = 10–3 Kg.
From this it is evident that an error in R gets magnified
 4.2 
L 80 × 
⇒= J / kg = 80 × 4.2 × 103 J / kg by four times. So we have to be careful in measuring R.
−3
 10 
L 336 × 103 J / kg
= Sol 22: T ∝ ra Mb Gc
L 3.3 × 105 J / kg
⇒= G = [M−1 L3 T −2 ]
Use the standard method followed above to derive
Sol 17: Method is explained in detail in the solution of 1/2
11. Try this yourself.  r3 
T∝ 
 GM 
[Hint: - G = [M−1L3 T −2 ] ]  
4 π2 GM
 q  Infact Keplers third law is =
2
Sol 18:  p +  (V − b) =
RT T r3
 V2  This is the real application of dimensional Analysis. One
Using the concept of dimensional analysis; can derive the body of any formula. Constant are then
q found or performing a couple of experiments.
must have dimension of P (pressure)
V2
⇒ q[L−6 ] = [m L−1 T −=
2
] ⇒ q [ML
= 5 −2
T ] kgm5 s−2 Exercise 2
And for b; it will have dimension of V,
3 3
b [L=
= ] m
Sol 1: (A) For the dimension formula for Plank’s
hc
Sol 19: L = Gx Cy hz Constant, we need to know the relation E =
λ
G = [M−1L3 T −2 ] C = [LT −1 ] Where E is the Energy
C is speed of light
h = [ML2 T −1 ]
λ is the wave length
L [M−1 L3 T −2 ]a [L T −1 ]b [ML2 T − 1]c
1
∴ λ.E = h Sol 6: (C) Physically the term ∈ E2 equals the electric
c
2
energy per unit volume. i.e Energy/Volume.
[ML2 T −2 ][L] [M L2 T −2 ]
⇒ h= = [ML2 T −1 ] ∴ = [M L−1 T −2 ]
[L T −1 ] [L3 ]
Sol 7: (C) Writing down the significant figures of all the

p.(r 2 − x2 ) options.
Sol 2: (D) η =
4µ
[pressure] [L2 ] 0.005 − 1
For the dimension of viscosity η =
[L T −1 ] [L] 5.00 − 3
We have to know the dimensions of pressure; which in 50.00 − 4
turn is force per unit area.
5.0 − 2
∴ [pressure] = [M L−1 T −2 ]
(97.52) (2.54)
[ML−1 T −2 ] [L2 ] −1 −1
Sol 8: (D) ×
η= = [M L T ] ↓ ↓
[L T −1 ] [L] 4 3
∴ The final answer should be with 3 Significant figure.
(B) p p0 exp( − ∝ t2 )
Sol 3:= By observing the options, we can see that option (D)
To find the constant ∝ ; satisfies this condition.
Hint :- All the question inside the exp ( ) will finally end mass m
up with dimension [M0 L0 T0 ] . Sol 9: (A) density = ∴ ρ= 3
volume a
So, ∆ρ  ∆m   ∆a   ∆ρ 
=   + 3  = 3 + 3 (2) ∴   = 9%
∴ [∝] [T2 ] =
[M0 L0 T0 ] ρ  m   a   ρ 
[∝] =[M0 L0 T −2 ]
Sol 10: (B) This is just a generalization of the previous
∴ The dimension are [M0 L0 T −2 ] or [ T −2 ] which is question.
option B.
X = Ma Lb T −c
Sol 4: (A) In this, we verity each option to match the ∆x  ∆m   ∆L   ∆T 

= a.   + b  + c 
given dimension. x  m   L   T 
Capacitance: [M−1 L−2 T 4 A2 ]  ∆x 
 =  (a ∝ +βb + γc)%
 x 
Resistance: [ML2 T −3 A −2 ]
P.S:- don’t get confused with ± c .
Inductance: [ML2 T −2 A −2 ]
Mag. Flux: [ML2 T −2 A −1 ] Sol 11: (B) Here volume is an intrinsic property of each
sphere. So, it will have the same number of significant
So, the answer is resistance. i.e option (A). digit even they are measured in bulk.
Tip: - Don’t get tensed up if you don’t know these terms. ∴ The final result should be having 3 significant digit.
You will learn them later. For time being, do remember Just multiply 1.75 × 25 and then scale the result to 3
them. significant digits.
4 3
Sol 5: (B) Using the dimension mentioned in the above Sol 12: (A) V= πr
question, 3
∆v  ∆r 
We get [L / R] = [M0 L0 T ] = 3.  
v  r 
Tip: - Once check the dimension of (R*C)!!  ∆v  ∆v
  = 3(2%) ⇒ = 6%
 v  v
P hysi cs | 1.43
2WgL  1
Sol 13: (C) η = n1 = n2  
 16 
4
πr θ
∆n  ∆w   ∆g   ∆L   ∆r   ∆θ  Now=
n1 1=
n2 16 watts.
=  + +  + 4  +  
n  w   g   L   r   θ 
Sol 19: (C) T = 2π  / g
Here a small error in r gets magnified by four times in
L
the final result. So, it has to be measured with care. g= 4 π2
T2
Sol 14: (B) Refer theory. ∆g  ∆L   ∆T   ∆g 
∴=   + 2 ⇒  = 1 + 2(3) =7%
g  L   T   g 
Sol 15: (C) Let us first write dimension of Young’s (P.S:- Error is an error either it is +ve or –ve. It effect the
Module in fundamental units Y = [M L −1 −1
T ] end result)
a b c
And now let Y = v A F 1
Sol 20: (B) S1 − S2 = ut + at2
−1 a −2 b
y = [L T ] [L T ] [M L T ] −2 c 2
∆
=s 1.1m and= a 0.5m / s2
t 1s,=
y = [Mc La+b + c T −a−2b −2c ]
But actual Y = [M L−1 T −2 ] Solving the above question;

u = 0.85m / s
∴ Comparing respectively;
But we have to around it to 1 significant digit .(why….??)
c =1; a + b + c =−1 ; − a − 2b − 2c =−2
∴ u = 0.9 m/s
Solving them gives the result.
n2 − n1 Sol 21: (C) y = k xa

Sol 16: (D) N = − D
x2 − x1 Now don’t get confused with k. It’s just a constant !
D = −N
( x2 − x1 )
(n2 − n1 ) ∆y
= a.
∆x
y x
[M0 L T0 ]
D = [M0 L0 T0 ] ∆y
[M0 L−3 T0 ] = a.p
y
D = [M0 L2 T −1 ] ∴ Depends on both a and p.
Sol 17: (D) This is very same as Q.15 Sol 22: (A) Refer theory.
Try this yourself !
Sol 23: (D)
Sol 18 : (A) Power = [M L2 T −3 ] 3.06
+ 1.15
2 −3
n1 [M1 L1 T1 ] =n2 [M2 L2 T2 ] 2 −3 1.2
↓
m1 20kg
= = 20M2 → (1)
2.55 + 1.15
L1 10m
= = 10L2 → (2)
↓
T=
1 5=
s 5 T2 → (3) 2.6 + 1.15
 m  L 2  T −3  ↓
Now n1 = n2  2 .  2  .  2  
 m1  L1   T1  
  3.75
 1  1 2  ↓
.   . (5 ) 
3
n1 = n2 
 20  10   3.8
 
Sol 24: (D) (A) Solid angel and unit vector. ∴ We get three equations;
Both are dimension. Unit vector is just unit magnitude a + b = 0→ (1) …(i)
with a direction.
a + c = 0 → (2) …(ii)
(B)Potential energy and torque
In a crude way, energy is similar to work −2a =−1 → (3) …(iii)
  
Which is F.s and torque is s × F . Hence the dimension ∴ We get a = 1 / 2, b = c = −1 / 2
would of course be the same.
F
We can also check by comparing down the dimension ∴ We have µ = λ. [ λ is any constant]
ML
of them.
(C) Area × Velocity = [L2][LT–1] = [L3T–1] Sol 28: (D)
3
∆v [L ] (A) Moment of a force = Force × Perpendicular distance
= = [L3 T −1 ] . Hence same.
∆t [T]
= M L T-2 × L = M L2 T-2
Iω2 [M L2 ][T −2 ] Force M L T −1 −2

Sol 25: (C) (A) = ∴ Using hint. (B) Surface tension = = = MT
mvr [M LT −1 L] Length L
Stress
= [ T −1 ] (C) Modulus of elasticity = = Unitless
Strain
Gρ [M−1 L3 T −2 ] [M L−3 ] Fr M L T −2 .rL
(B) = = [ T −1 ] (D) Coefficient of viscosity
= = = M L−1 T −1
T T Av L2 .LT −1
ρvr [M L−3 ] [L T −1 ] [L]
(C) = = [M0 L0 T0 ] Sol 29: (D)
η [M L−2 ] [L−1 ] [L−1 T]
Energy M L−1 T −1
(A)=
Write dimension of η using F = 6πηrv = M L−3 T −2
Area L2
(D) In an easy method,
(B) Pressure = M L−1 T −2 user
We know that T = I ∝
(C) Force × length
Iαθ αθ [T −2 ]
⇒ = = = [T −1 ] (D) pressure per unit length
Iω ω [T −1 ]
Sol 30: (B) Let M' , T' ,L' be the value of mass, time and
n m
Sol 26: (D) A = B C length respectively in the new system.
1
[L T] = [L2 T −1 ]n [L T[L2 ]m
T] = [L2n+m T −n+ 2m ] We know = that M' 2M = and T' T
2
Comparing respective exponents; ∴ n' [M1 L'2 T −2 ] = n [M L2 T −2 ]
2n + m =1…(i)
→ (1)
m'
2m − n = 1 …(ii)
→ (2) n' [M1 L' 2 T'−2 ] = 8 [ L'2 2−2 T'−2 ]
2
Give the value of n and m. 1
n1 =8 × =1
8
Sol 27: (D) Aim of the question is to use dimensional
analysis. Sol 31: (A) Refer theory.
µ =Fa Mb Lc Sol 32: (D) Momentum and angular momentum, Both

A,b,c are constants have different dimension and for momentum
↓
[T −1 ] = [M L T −2 ]a [M]b [L]c and angular momentum mv
↓
[T −1 ] = [Ma+b La+ c T −2a ] mvr
Hence it’s very obvious from the above.
P hysi cs | 1.45
Sol 33: (D) F= 6 π η rv. α Z  0 0 0 k θ 

Sol 5: (A)   = [M L T ] ∴ [α] = 
 F   k θ  Z 
η = 
 6πrv  α  α  k θ 
−2 Further [p] =   ∴ [=
β]  =   
[M L T ] β   p   Zp 
η=
[L] [L T −1 ]
Dimension of k θ are that of energy. Hence,
−1 −1
η =[M L T ]  ML2 T −2  0 2 0
=[β]  =  [M L T ]
−1 −2
2  LML T 
Sol 34: =
(B) p p0 exp[ −αt ]
As describe in Q3; m
Sol 6: (D) Density ρ =
−2
α = [T ] πr 2L
∆ρ  ∆m ∆r ∆L 
Sol 35: (D) Light year is the distance travelled by the ∴ × 100 =  +2 +  × 100
light in one year. ρ  m r L 
After substituting the values, we get the maximum
percentage error in density = 4 %
X  Capacitance  Sol 7: (D)
Sol 1: (B)=
[Y] =   
 Z2  2
 (Magnetic induction)  Dipole moment = (charge) × (distance)
Electric flux = (electric field) × (area)
 M−1L−2Q 2 T2  −3 −2 4 4
=  [M L T Q ]
2 −2 −2
 M Q T  Sol 8: (A) Least count (LC)
Pitch 0.5
1 = = = 0.01
Sol 2: (D) ε E2 is the expression of energy density Number of divisions on circular scale 50
2 0
(Energy per unit volume) Now, diameter of ball
1   ML T  2 −2
=(2 × 0.5 mm) + (25 − 5) (0.001) =1.2 mm
E2 
 ε0=  = −1 −2
 [ML T ]
2   L
3

FL 4FL (4)(1.0 × 9.8)(2)
Sol 9: (B) Y= = =
∆q Al π d l π (0.4 ×10 −3 )2 (0.8 ×10−3 )
2
Sol 3: (D) C =
∆V
= 2.0 ×1011 N / m2
A ∆q ( ∆q)L
or ε0 = or ε0 =
L ∆V A.( ∆V) ∆Y  ∆ d   ∆l 
Further
= 2 + 
∆V ( ∆q)L ∆V Y  d   l 
X=
ε0L = L
∆t A ( ∆V) ∆t
  ∆ d   ∆ l    0.01 0.05  11
But [A] = [L ] 2 ∴ ∆ Y 2 
=  +    y = 2 × +  × 2.0 ×10
  d l
     0.4 0.8 
∆q
∴ X= = current = 0.225 ×1011 N / m=
2
0.2 ×1011 N / m2
∆t
(By rounding off)
l3 =
Sol 4: (A) V = (1.2 × 10−2 m)3 =×
1.728 10−6 m3
or (Y + ∆ Y)= (2 + 0.2) ×1011 N / m2
 Length (l) has two significant figures, the volume
(V) will also have two significant figures. Therefore, the
Sol 10: (A) Length of air column in resonance is odd
correct answer is =V 1.7 ×10−6 m3
λ
integer multiple of .
4
l V
Sol 11: (B) T= 2 π or Sol 14:
V (A) R =
g R= i
i
∆R ∆V ∆i
t l (4 π2 )(n2 )l ∆R⇒ ∆V ∆i =+
= 2π ∴g = ⇒ =+ R V i
n g t2 R V i
∆g  ∆l 2∆ t  ∆V
% error in g = × 100 = +  × 100 × 100 = 3
g  l t  V
∆V
 0.1 2 × 0.1  ⇒ = 0.03
EI =  +  ×100 = 0.3125% V
 64 128  ∆i
Similarly, = 0.03
 0.1 2 × 0.1  i
EII =  +  ×100 = 0.46875%
 64 128  Hence
∆R
= 0.06
 0.1 2 × 0.1  R
EIII =  +  ×100 = 1.055 %
 20 36  ∆R
So percentage error is × 100 =
6%
R
Hence EI is minimum.
Sol 15: (C)
Sol 12: (D) Least count of vernier calipers
1
LC 1MSD − 1 VSD
= L.C =
60
Smallest division on main scale 9
= Total Reading = 585 + 58.65
=
Number of divisions on vernier scale 60
20 divisions of vernier scale = 16 divisions of main

Sol 16: (A)
scale
16 1 q2
∴ 1 VSD = mm = 0.8 mm =F
20 4 πε0 r 2
∴ LC= 1MSD − 1 VSD= 1mm − 0.8 mm  A2 T2 
∴ =0.2 mm =ε0 =  M−1L−3 A2 T 4 
MLT −2L2   
 
Sol 13: (C) Least count screw gauge 1
Sol 17: (D) Least count of vernier calliper is mm
0.5 =0.1 mm = 0.01 cm 10
= = 0.01 mm = ∆r
50
0.5 90 + 91 + 95 + 92
Diameter
= r 2.5 mm + 20 × = 2.70 mm Sol
= 18: (D) tmean = 92 sec
50 4
∆ r 0.01 ∆r 1 Absolute error in each reading = 2, 1, 3, 0
= or × 100 =
r 2.70 r 2.7 2+1+3+ 0
mean
= error = 1.5 sec
m m 2
Now density =
d =
v 4  r 3 Put the least count of the measuring clock is 1 sec.
π 
3 2 So it cannot measure upto 0.5 second so we have to
Here, r is the diameter. round it off.
So mean error will be 2 second
∆d  ∆ m  ∆ r  
∴ × 100 =  + 3    ×100 So t = 92 ± 2 sec.
d  m  r  
∆m  ∆r  1  0.5   0.5 
= × 100 + 3 ×   ×100= 2% + 3 × = 3.11 % Sol 19: (A) Reading=0.5+25   +5   =0.8 mm
m  50   50 
 r  2.7
P hysi cs | 1.47
JEE Advanced/Boards Remember this formula !
d 1 1 dθ ∆θ
Exercise 1 [Hint :  =
dx  θ 
− . = !]
θ2 dx θ2
Sol 1: Increasing the number of readings reduces the  ∆R ∆R 2 

∆ R=  1+  .R 2
errors. This is because, we have more chances to get e  2 2  e ff
the mean closer to the actual value.  R1 R2 
So increasing reading from 100 to 400; reduce the  0.5 0.3  2

∆ Re 
= +  × (6)
problem error by a factor of four.  24 × 24 8 × 8 
∆ Re =
0.2
Sol 2: Length
= (L) 4.234m → 4 significant digits
Breadth
= (B) 1.005m → 4 significant digits ∆ R e = (6 ± 0.2)Ω
2.01 × 10−2 m → 3 significant digits

Thickness (H) = And for relative error;
∴ The volume = Lbh will have 3 significant digits  ∆ R e  0.2  1 

 =  =  
 Re  6  30 
−2 3
⇒ V = (4.234 × 1.005 × 2.01) × 10 m
⇒ V 8.5528 × 10−2 m3
= 1 10
% relative error = × 100
= = 3.33%
V 8.55 × 10
⇒= −2 3
m 30 3
V
Sol 3: I = I0 e−µx Sol 5: Ohm’s Law: V=IR ⇒ R =
I
Now mx should have the dimension [M0 L0 T0 ] 6.4 ∆R ∆V ∆I
R
= = 3.2Ω and = +
⇒ µ.[L] =
[M L T ] 0 0 0 2 R V I
µ =[M0 L−1 T0 ]  0.2 0.1 

R 
∆= +  3.2
 6.4 2 
Sol 4: R1 = (24 ± 0.5)Ω
∆R =0.26
R 2 =(8 ± 0.3)Ω
Resistance R =(3.2 ± 0.26) Ω
(a) Series :-
Reff. = R1 + R2 ∆R  0.26 
And relative error = = 
R  3.2 
Reff. = 32
DReff = ∆R1 + ∆R= 0.5 + 0.3 = 0.8 0.26
2 % Relative error
= × 100 =8.1%
3.2
∴ Reff = (32 ± 0.8)Ω
Now absolute error = 0.8 and Sol 6: Radius of proton
0.8 µ 10−9 × 10−6 m = 10 −15 m
= 10−9=
Relative error = × 100 = 2.5%
32
Size of universe = 1027 m
(b) Parallel:-
1 1 1 …(i) Now let us use log10 (r) as an operator.
= + → (1)
R e ff R1 R 2
log(rp ) = log10 (10−15 ) = −15
24 × 8 24 × 8
Reff
Re ff = = = 6Ω
and
24 + 8 32
27 27 + ( −15) 12
And for Reff; using (i) log(r4 ) log
= = 10 (10 ) 27 log(r)
= = = 6
2 2
∆ R e ff ∆R1 ∆R 2
= + → ⇒ r = 106 m
2
R e ff R12 R 22
Sol 7: Refer to the solution of Q11 (Ex – 1) and Q19 (Ex – Sol 11: Now if there is an error, the next possible value
2) and try it yourself. of L would be 100.3 or 100.4 cm.
i.e least count for r=2.34 cm, L.C=0.01 cm
Sol 8: Vc ∝ [d]a (ρ)b (η)c
Vc = [L T −1 ]
(L+r)
ρ =[M L−3 ]
d = [L]
[∴ 2.35 or 2.36]
η =[ML−1 T −1 ]
and
= for t 2.3s
= , L.C 0.1s
[L T −1 ] = [L]a [ML−3 ]b [ML−1 T −1 ]c
 ∆g   ∆L   ∆r   ∆T 
[L T −1 ] = [Mb + c La−3b −c T −c ] ∴ =   +   + 2 
 g   L   r   T 
b+c =0  ∆g   0.1   0.01   0.1 
∴ =  +  + 2.  
a − 3b − c =1  g   100.2   2.34   2.3 
−c =−1  ∆g 
  = 0.092
 g 
We get c =
1, b =
−1, and a =
−1
η  ∆g 
∴V ∝   × 100 =
9.2%
c dρ  g 
‘T’ has to be measured more accurately because each
Sol 9: m ∝ V a (d)b (g)c
error gets double magnified in calculating g.
m = [M]
1 1 1
V = [L T −1 ] Sol 12: = + ⇒ f = 14.3
f v u
d = [M L−3 ] 1 1 1
= +
f 50.1 20.1
g = [L T −2 ]
∆f ∆V ∆ 4
And then = +
[M] = [LT −1 ]a [ML−3 ]b [L T −2 ]c f2 v 2 u2
[M] = [M6 La−3b + c T −a−2c ]  ∆V ∆u  2
∆
=f  + f
b = 1; a − 3b + c = 0; − a − 2c = 0  v 2 u2 
 0.5 (0.2) 
⇒ c=
−3 and a =
6 =∆f  +  (14.3)
2
2 2 
 (50.1) (20.1) 
∴ m ∝ V 6 . d g−3
∆f =0.4cm
kV 6 d
⇒ m= Focal length
= (14.3 ± 0.4)cm
g3
wair
Sol 10: f ∝ ma 6 Fc Sol 13: Specific gravity (s) =
w water
−1
[f] = [T ]  ∆s   ∆wair   ∆w water 
=
    +  
m ≡ [M]  s   wair   w water 
 ≡ [L]  ∆s   0.1   0.1 
=   + 
F ≡ [M L T −1 ]  s   10   5 
Now proceeding the same way as we did in Q11 − (Ex − 1)  ∆s 

 × 100  =
3%
 s 
P hysi cs | 1.49
 h   L2  [L] ≡ [Ma+b L−3a+b + c + d T −2b −2c ]

Sol 14:=
R  + 
 2   6h  ⇒ a + b = 0; − 2(b + c) = 0; − 3a + b + c + d = 1
h L2 Here we have 3 equations and four variables to solve

R= +
2 6h ∴ Not possible.
=h (0.085 ± 0.001)cm And now;
=L (4.4 ± 0.1)cm Given that h is inversely proportional to ‘r’

∴ d = –1
∆R ∆h ∆L ∆h
= +2 + Now we can solve for a, b, c
R h L h
∆R  ∆h ∆L  Sol 17: η ∝ ma Db v c
= 2 +2 
R  h L 
η ≡ [M L−1 T −1 ]
 ∆R   0.001 0.1 
=
  2 +  m ≡ [M]
 R   0.085 4.4 
 ∆R  D ≡ [L]
  = 0.068
 R  V ≡ [L T −1 ]
p
c Solve in a similarly way to Q.16
a b
Sol 15: V ∝ n r  

Sol 18: ω ∝ r a mb Gc
V-Rate of flow ⇒ Volume/time ≡ [L3 T −1 ]
[ω] ≡ [m0o LL0o TT0]o ]
η ≡ [m L−1 T −1 ]
[r] ≡ [L]
r ≡ [L]
p m ≡ [M]
≡ [m L−2 T −2 ]
p ≡ [m L−1 T −2 ] *
L
G = [M−1 L3 T −2 ]
Now solving for the constants a, b, c gives us the result.
And solve for a, b, c
[L3 T −1 ] = [M L−1 T −1 ]a [L]b [M L−2 T −2 ]c
[L3 T −1 ] = [Ma+ c L−a+b −2c T −a−2c ] mv 2

Sol 19: F =
r
a+c =0
m (0.5 ± 0.005)kg
=
−a + b − 2c =3
v (10 ± 0.01)m / s
=
−a − 2c =−1
=r (0.4 ± 0.01)m
a=
−1 c =
1 and b =
4
∆F  ∆m   ∆v   ∆r 
=  + 2 + 
Sol 16: h ∝ (ρ)a (T)b (g)c (r)d F  m   v   r 
h ≡ [L]  0.005   0.01   0.01 

=  + 2 + 
 0.5   10   0.4 
δ ≡ [ML−3 ]
 ∆F 
T ≡ [M L T −2 ]   = 0.037
 F 
g = [L T −2 ]  ∆F 
 × 100  =
3.7%
r = [L]  F 
Now proceeding; πr 2R
Sol 20: ρ =

[L] ≡ [ML−3 ]a [M L T −2 ]6 [L T −2 ]c [L]d
 ∆ρ   ∆r   ∆R   ∆L  G 6.6 × 10−11 N.
∴=
 =2⋅  +  + 
 ρ   r   R   L  But according to the problem, the force is 1 unit.
 ∆ρ   0.02  6.6 10−11 N ≡ 1 unit

⇒ F =×
 × 100  =
2⋅ × 100 
 ρ   0.26  1
∴1N≡ unit
6.6 × 10−11
 2   0.1 
+ × 100  +  × 100  = 18.6%
 64   156  We call this unit as Gunit.
N 1.5 × 1010 Gunit
∴ 1=
+.50t 0.008 2
Sol 21:
= V + t
↓ ↓
(2) (2) Sol 25: For each atom, we have,
Now let us examine the units of (1) and (2) for (1); unit m 9.27 × 10−26
is m2/s and dimension is [L3 T −1 ] . And for 2; unit is v
= = = 1.178 × 10−29 m3 / atom
ρ 7870
m3 / s2 and dimension is [L3 T −2 ].
4 πr 3
 m3  r 1.41 × 10−10 m
Now, = 1.178 × 10−29 m3 ⇒ =
∴ V (1.50 m3 / s1 )t +  0.008 ⋅ 1  t2
= 3
 s12 
 Hence, the distance between atoms is d = 2r= 2.82 ×
By changing the unit system; 10-10m
The value of coefficients of ‘t’ and ‘t2’ change.

α
Sol 26: F =
n1 L31 T1−1  = n2 L32 T2−1  β+ d
   
Using this we can find the values of new coefficients. Here the dimension of β and d should be same.
Hence [m1/2 L−3/2 ] = β
Sol 22: 24 hours ≡ 10 Decimal hours α
And now the dimension of should be
⇒ 1 D h = 2.4 hrs. → (1) d
and 1 Dh = 100 D mins Same as F.
α
2.4 = [MLT −2 ]
⇒ 1 D min
= → (2) [m −1/2 −3/2
L ]
100
Given time = 8 Dh and 22.8 Dmin ⇒ α =[m3/2L−1/2 T −2 ]
 2.4 
= 8(2.4) + 22.8   hours. = 19.747 hours Sol
= T −1 ] G [M−1 L3 T −2 ]
27: c [L=
 100 
h = [M L2 T −1 ]
⇒ 19 Hr, 10 minutes, 50 seconds Now for mass M = cx Gy hz
Finding the value x, y, by following the method
Sol 23: Aim of the question is to do dimensional analysis. described in Q11 (Ex1)
Circumference will have dimension [L]
Volume [L3] −a
 nRT  RTV
Area [L2] Sol 28: p =  e
 v −b
Verify the options for correct choices There we can use the ideal gas equation;
pv = nRT
Sol 24: For m
=1 m
=2 1kg and=
r 1 m, In solving question involving RT; we can replace RT by
PV and then proceed.
G.(1)2
The force
= F = GN a
1 So, now will have a dimensionally [M0 L0 T0 ]
RTV
P hysi cs | 1.51
a Minimum value of y=f(x) then that would be at a point,

= [M0 L0 T0 ]
pv 2 (x0 ) where
a ≡ [M L−1 T −2 ][L6 ] dy
= f1=
(x) 0
a = [M L5 T −2 ] dx
And that minimum/maximum value would be f (x0 )
And now for b;
now here;
nRT m=
π tan θ
should be dimension equal to P.
v −b
dm d
pv =
π (tan θ) ≡ π.sec2 θ = 0
∴ ≡p dθ dθ
v −b
⇒ v −b ≡ v sec2 θ = 0
This would give us no value of θ .!
⇒ b should be dimensionally equal to V
And now we don’t have any choice rather than to go for
∴ b = [L3 ]
an analytical method.
Sol 29: R ∝ Ha v b gc  ∆m 
First let us find  
 m 
r ≡ [L]
∆m =π sec2 θ
H ≡ [L]
∆m 1  2 
v ≡ [L T −1 ] = =   → (1)
m sin θ cos θ  sin2θ 
g ≡ [L T −2 ]
∆m
a −1 b −2 c Now for to be minimum;
[L] ≡ [L] [L T ] [L T ] m
sin2θ has to be maximum
[L] ≡ [La+b + c T −b −2c ]
sin2θ = n π / 2 (n is odd)
a + b + c = 1 → (1) … (i)
θ = n.π / 4
b + 2c =0 → (2) … (ii) Hence θ = 450 is the answer.
And also given that, R ∝ v, a = 1, b = 1
Sol 2: (C) The least count of the vernier can be measured
So a + c =0 by using the formula;
1 + 2c =
0 =L.C 1 M.S.D − 1 V.S.D
⇒ c=
−1 / 2 and a =
1/2 M.S.D → Main scale division.
H VSD → Vernier scale division.

∴R ∝ v
g Now in most cases MSD is given.
Our task would be to find VSD.
H
∴R =k v
g ∴ Let us say N division of vernier scale coincides with
N-1 division of main scale, then
N−1
1 VSD = 
Exercise 2 
 N 
N−1
Single Correct Choice Type And least count = 1 −  
 N 
Sol 1: (A) m =
π tan θ 1
L.C =  
N
In solving this problem; we shall use basic calculus. Let us
say we find to find the ∴ Here given; L.C = 0.02 cm
⇒ 1 USD = 0.1 – 0.02 (i) Only quantities with same physical dimension can be
added or subtracted.
1 USD = 0.08 cm
∴ b must be having a dimension of volume.
And the number of division of vernier scale =10.
∴ Length of vernier scale = 0.8
Comprehension Type
[∴ 0.8 ×10]
Sol 7: (B) b is dimension same as V.
Sol 3: (C) Explained briefly in the above question.
a
(a) 0.00145 → 3 Sol 8: (C) Now must be having dimensioned same
as P. V2
(b) 14.50 → 4
⇒ a ≡ PV 2
(c) 145.00 → 5
(d) 145.0 ×10−6 → 4 Sol 9: RT = [RT] = ML2T–2

(A) PV = [PV] = ML–1T–2L3= ML2T–2
Sol 4: (D) Option A, B, C are obvious.
(B) Pb = [pb] = ML–1T–2L3= ML2T–2
Now in option D.
a a
Angle doesn’t have any dimension. And no. of moles (C) =   = ML5T–2L6= ML1T–2
2 2
v v 
being representing the number of particles, but still we
define a dimension µ for moles. ab  ab 
(D) =   = ML5T–2L3L–6 = ML1T–2
2 2
v v 
Multiple Correct Choice Type ⟹ (C) does not match
Sol 5: (B, C) L = Gx c y hz
ab
−1 3 −2 x −1 y 2 −1 z Sol 10: (D)
L = [M L T ] [L T ] [M L T ] RT
L = [Mz − x L3x + y + 2z T −2×− y − z ] Now we know ideal gas equation PV=RT

for one mole of ideal gas.
Comparing the respective powers;
ab ab PV 2 .V
z − x = 0 …(i)
→ (1) ⇒ ≡ ≡ ≡ V 2 ≡ L6
RT PV PV
3x + y + 2z = 1…(ii)
→ (2)
Sol 11: (A) RT ≡ PV
−2x − y − z = 0
→ (3) …(iii)
⇒ [M L−1 T −2 ].[L3 ]
1 −3 1
=x = , y = , z ⇒ [M L2 T −2 ]
2 2 2
It is equal to energy.
Sol 6: (A, B, D) (A) Velocity and speed − yes [L T −1 ]
Sol 12 – Sol 13: (B, D)
(B) Pressure and stress − yes [M L−1 T −2 ]
Power ∝ (size)x (Density of air)y
force
(C) and impulse − No (Density of Helicopter × g]z
↓ ↓
[M L T −2 ] [M L T −1 ] [M L2 T −3 ] ∝ [L]x [M L−3 ]y [M L−2 T −2 ]z
(D) Work, energy − yes [M L2 T −2 ] [M L2 T −3 ] ∝ [My + 2 Lx −3y −2z T −2z ]
 a  Comparing the corresponding exponents;

p + 2  ( v − b) =
RT
 v  y+z =
1
Now we need to understand that;
P hysi cs | 1.53
x − 3y − 2z =
2 Previous Years’ Questions
−2z =−3
Sol 1: (C) N= Number of electrons per unit volume
Solving them gives;
∴ [N] = [L−3 ], [e] =[q] =[It] =[AT]
3 1 7
λ= , y=− , x=
2 2 2 [M−1 L−3 T 4 A2 ]
[ ε0 ] =
x Substituting the dimension we can see that,
P1 L 
Sol 14: (C) =  1 
P2  L2   Ne2 
  = [T −1 ]
 m ε0 
P1  
7/2
= (4)
= 128 Angular frequency has also the dimension [T −1 ]
P2
2πc 2πc 2πc

Sol 2: (B) ω= 2 π f= ∴ λ= =
Match the Columns λ ω Ne2 / m ε0
Sol 15: A→r, B→ w, C→p, D→t, E→q, F→s, G→u, H→v Substituting the values, we get λ ≅ 600 mm
Angular momentum = MVR = MLT–1(L)=MLT–1 Sol 3: (D) Momentum is first positive but decreasing.
Latent heat = L2T–2 Displacement (or say position) is initially zero. It will
first increase. At highest point, momentum is zero and
Torque = F×R = MLT–2×L=ML2T–2
displacement is maximum. After that momentum is
Capacitance downwards (negative) and increasing but displacement
is decreasing. Only (D) option satisfies these conditions.
Charge AT
= = = M−1L−2 T 4 A2 In all the given four figures, at mean position the
Potential Difference ML T −3 A −1
2
position coordinate is zero.
Magnetic Flux At the same time mass is starting from the extreme
Inductance = = ML2T–2A–2 position in all four case. In figures (C) and (D), extreme
Current
position is more than the initial extreme position. But
Resistivity = ML3T–3A–2 due to viscosity opposite should be the case.
Magnetic Flux = ML3T–3A–2 (B =F/qv) Correct answer is (B), because mass starts from positive
extreme position (from uppermost position). Then,
Magnetic Energy Density = ML–1T–2
it will move downwards or, momentum should be
negative.
Sol 16: A→q, B→p, C→r, D→q
L
Angle and unit vector = MoLoTo Sol 4: (B) t ≡ ∴ L ≡ tR ≡ ohm-second
R
Power = W/T=M L T 1 2 –3
q2 q2
Work = F,D=M L T 1 2 –2 U≡ ∴ C≡ ≡ coulomb2 / joule
2C U
Therefore, A→q, B→p, C→r, D→q
q
q ≡ CV ∴ C ≡ ≡ coulomb / volt
V
Sol 17 A→s, B→p, C→q, D→r
−e
L≡
Force → F, Velocity → V, Energy → E di / dt
(p) [F1VoE1] ⟹ MLT–2. ML2T–2 ⟹ ML3T–4 ((B) Light year) e(dt)

∴L ≡ ≡ volt-second/ampere
(q) [F V E ] ⟹ MLT . LT .M L T ⟹ T ((C) Frequency)
1 o 1 –2 –1 –1 –2 2 –1 (di)
(r) [F1VoE1] ⟹ M3L3T–2. M–2L–4T–4 ⟹ ML–1T–2 ((D) Pressure) F=ilB

F
(s) [F1VoE1] ⟹ L–2T2. ML2T–2 ⟹ M ((A) Mass) ∴B ≡ ≡ newton/ampere-metre
il
Sol 5: Sol 12: Reynold’s number and coefficient of friction are

dimensionless quantities.
Column I Column II
Curie is the number of atoms decaying per unit time
Capacitance Coulomb-volt coulomb2 and frequency is the number of oscillations per unit
joule-1 time.
Latent heat and gravitational potential both have the
Inductance Ohm-sec, volt second
same dimension corresponding to energy per unit
ampere-1
mass.
Magnetic induction Newton (ampere-metre)-1
1 q1q2
Sol 13: (C) F = .
4 π ε0 r 2
Sol 6: The correct table is as under

[q1 ] [q2 ] [I T2 ]
[ ε0 ]
= = = [M−1L−3 T 4 I2 ]
2
Column I Column II [F] [r ] [MLT ] [L2 ]
−2
Angular momentum
[ML2 T −1 ] 1
Speed of light, c =
ε0 µ0
Latent heat
[L2 T −2 ]
1 1
Torque ∴ [µ 0 ] =
= = [MLT −2 I −2 ]
2
2 −2
[ML T ] [ε0 ] [c] [M L T I ] [LT −1 ]2
−1 −3 4 2
Capacitance
[M−1L−2 T2Q2 ] φ weber
Sol 14: (A, B, D) (A) L = or henry=
i ampere
Inductance
[ML2Q −2 ]
 di  e
(B) e = −L   ∴ L =−
Resistivity dt
  (di/ dt)
[ML3 T −1Q −2 ]
volt-second
or henry=
Sol 7: A → p, q; B → r, s; C → r, s; ampere
D → r, s 1 2 2
(D)
= U = L i i Rt
2
Sol 8: A → p, q, t; B → q; C → s, D → s
∴L =Rt or henry = ohm –second
Sol 9: A → p, t; B → q, s, t; C → p, r, t, D → q
40 s
Sol 15: (A, C)
= T = 2s.
Sol 10: (A, C) Resistance = ML2T‒3 A‒2 20
Inductance = L = ML2T‒2 A‒2 Further,= = 20T or ∆ t = 20 ∆T

t nT
Capacitance = C = ML‒1T‒2 A2 ∆t ∆T
∴ =or
t T
1 1
∴ = = Frequency … (i)
LC T T  2 
∆T = .∆t =   (1) = 0.05 s
t  40 
R 1
Again = = Frequency … (ii)
L T l
Further, T= 2 π or T ∝ g−1/2
g
Sol 11: (A, D) (A) Torque and work both have the
dimensions [ML2 T −2 ] . ∆T 1 ∆g
∴ × 100 =− × × 100
T 2 g
(D) Light year and wavelength both have the dimension
of length ie., [L] . or % error in determination of g is
P hysi cs | 1.55
∆g ∆T 200 × 0.05 1
×100 =
−200 × =
− −5%
= 1 main scale division = cm
g T 2 8
1
1 vernier scale division = cm
4MLg 10
Sol 16: (A) Y = & % ymax = %M + %L + %l + 2%d
πld2 1
So least count = cm
0.5 40
Least count of both instrument, ∆ =∆d = =5 × 10 −3
100 For screw gauge,
−3
∆ 5 × 10 pitch (p) = 2 main scale division
% × 100
= = 2%
 0.25 P
So least count p =
∆d 5 × 10 −3 100
%d × 100
= × 100
= 1%
d 0.5
Sol 21: (C)
Here we see that, contribution of  , = 2%
In first; main scale reading = 2.8 cm.
Contribution of d = 2% d = 2 × 1 = 2%
1
Hence both terms  and d contribute equally. Vernier scale reading = 7 × 0.07 cm
=
10
So reading = 2.87 cm;
Sol 17: (B)
In second; main scale reading = 2.8 cm
Main scale division (s) = .05 cm
Vernier scale reading =
49
Vernier scale division (v) = = .049 −0.1 −0.7
100 7× = = −0.07 cm
10 10
Least count = .05 – .049 = .001 cm
so reading = (2.80 + 0.10 − 0.07) cm = 2.83 cm
Diameter: 5.10+24 × .001 =5.124 cm
Sol 22: (A, B, D) Error in T

FL
Sol 18: (4) Y = since the experiment measures only
A 0.52 + 0.56 + 0.57 + 0.54 + 0.59
T=
mean = 0.556 ≈ 0.56s
change in the length of wire 5
∆Y ∆ ∆Tmean =
0.02
∴ × 100 = × 100
Y 
0.02
From the observation 1 =MSR+20(LC) ∴ error in T is given by
∴Error × 100 =
3.57%
0.56
 2 =MSR+40(LC) 1
Error in r = × 100 =10%
⇒ Change in lengths = 25(LC) 10
and the maximum permissible error in elongation is Error in g

one LC 7 (R − r )
 T = 2π
∆Y (LC) 5g
∴ × 100= × 100= 4 %
Y 25(LC)
7R −r 
T2 = 4 π2  
5 g 
Sol 19: 2(4)−αE(t) = A2 e−αt
E(t) = A e t
⇒ dE = −αA2e−αt dt + 2AdAe−αt 28π2  R − r 
⇒ dE = −αA2e−αt dt + 2AdAe−αt g=  
5  T2 
Putting the values for maximum error,
dE 4 ∆g  ∆R + ∆r  ∆T 2
⇒ = ⇒ % error = 4 % =  +2 = + 2 × 0.0357
E 100 g  R −r  T 50
∆g
Sol 20: (B, C) For vernier callipers, ∴ × 100 ≈ 11%
g

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1 .

1 8 | Units, Dimensions and Errors

JEE Main/Boards Or M0L0 T  = Ma+bL0 T −2b  Comparing the power of M,

M dis tance travelled

Note that, the distance 100.5 m has four significant ∆A 2∆r

equated to get the correct relation.

Example 9: In an experiment for determining the = Thus, g 9.80ms−2 ± 1.1%( )

Length of the string (  ) = 98.0 cm

 d 20.0 Sol: As relative error in the length and diameter are

  ∆d   ∆l   the length of a line, the zero mark Vernier scale lies

∴ Correct option is (B). (a) Least count (L.C)

Samllest division on main scale

Exercise 1 Q.6 The error in measurement of radius of a sphere is

m = (3.5 ±0.1 ) kg; v = (20 ±1 ) ms–1 and

(75 ± 0.1 ) cm. Find the volume of the cube.

Q.7 Which of the following measurements is most

Q.21 A quantity y is related to another quantity x (B) Surface tension

(A) Moment of a force (D) Light year and minute

Previous Years’ Questions (B) Emf, potential difference, Electric potential

(C) M−2L−2 T 4 Q 4  (D) M−3L−2 T 4 Q  S N H

(A) MLT −1  (B) ML2 T −1 

(C) MLT −2  (D) None of these (A) 1.2 mm (B) 1.25 mm

Main scale reading: 58.5 degree (C) 0.50 mm (D) 075 mm

Vernier scale reading: 09 divisions

Q.11 Find out the maximum percentage error while the

Paragraph 1: The van-der Waals equation is

(A) θ = 450 (B) θ =900

Q.10 The dimensional formula for ab/RT is

(C) Kilocalorie & joule [Linear Size]=L; [Density]= ML-3

(D) Angle & no. of moles [g × density]= ML-2T-2

Column I Column II Paragraph 1: A dense collection of equal number of

Paragraph 2: Phase space diagrams are useful tools Momentum Momentum

(s) Newton (ampere

Position (t) Volt-second

Column I Column II Column I Column II

(B) (q) (kilogram) (B) Mechanical (q) System: A gas in an

(A) The force exerted by X on Y (p) Y Block Y of mass M left on a fixed

(C) Mechanical energy of the (r) Y

(t) A sphere Y of mass M is falling with

Q.14 The SI unit of inductance, Henry can by written as

MASTERJEE Essential Questions

JEE Main/Boards JEE Advanced/Boards

Q.10 1.2 kg Q.11 FL−1 T2 

Q.12 m/s3, ms2, ms and [LT-3], [LT-2], [LT-1]

Single Correct Choice Type

Q.1 A Q.2 D Q.3 B Q.4 A Q.5 B Q.6 C

Q.7 C Q.8 D Q.9 A Q.10 B Q.11 B Q.12 A

Q.13 C Q.14 B Q.15 C Q.16 D Q.17 D Q.18 A

Q.19 C Q.20 B Q.21 C Q.22 A Q.23 D Q.24 D

Q.25 C Q.26 D Q27 D Q.28 D Q.29 D Q.30 B

Q.31 A Q.32 D Q.33 D Q34 B Q.35 D

Previous Years’ Questions

Q.7 D Q.8 A Q.9 B Q.10 A Q.11 B Q.12 D

Q.13 C Q.14 A Q.15 C Q.16 A Q.17 D Q.18 D

RP= ( 6 ± 0.2) Ω,RS= ( 6Ω ± 3.33% ) Q.21 R

Q.22 7 hour 44 minute 50 second PM

Exercise 2 Comprehension Type

Q.7 B Q.8 C Q.9 C

Q.17 A→s, B→p, C→q, D→r

Previous Years’ Questions

Q.11 A, D Q.12 A, D Q.13 C Q.14 A, B, D Q.15 A, C

Q.16 A Q.17 B Q.18 4 Q.19 4 Q.20 B, C

JEE Main/Boards Sol 3: g =