DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

URBAN PLANNING

Module 3, Lecture Code :UP_L07

Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Topic of presentation – Alternate Visions for Cities
Contents

• Arcosanti (Paolo Soleri)

• New Urbanism (Peter Calthorpe, Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk).

• European Ideas & Important Definitions

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Arcosanti (Paolo Soleri)

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Paolo Soleri

Italian-American architect Paolo Soleri (21 June 1919

– 9 April 2013) made his name as a countercultural
icon and urban visionary, best known for his theory of
"arcology"—a combination of architecture and
ecology—and for Arcosanti, the prototype town in
the Arizona desert which embodied his ideals and
became his life's work, which he founded in 1970 and
continued to work on right up until his death in 2013.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Paolo Soleri
Arcosanti

• Soleri moved his family to Arizona in

1956, and in 1970 he began construction
on his life's work, Arcosanti.

• For four decades, Soleri oversaw the

construction of his experimental city, with
construction almost entirely carried out
by over 6,000 volunteers who have, at
some point over the project's forty-years,
lived at the city and learned from Soleri.

• Much of the construction was created

using "earth casting," a process
developed by Soleri in which concrete
elements are cast using the ground as
formwork.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Paolo Soleri
Arcosanti

• Today, Arcosanti
consists of 13 buildings
and, at any one time,
houses around 100
people—far short of
Soleri's vision of 5,000
citizens.

• However, despite his

death the Arcosanti
project continues,
funded by the Cosanti
Foundation which
Soleri established in
1965—which is in turn
funded in part by the
sale of Soleri-designed
ceramic and bronze
wind-bells.
Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture
Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Paolo Soleri
Arcosanti

• Soleri's affinity with Frank Lloyd Wright is

clear from his ecologically-focused
countercultural ideology; however,
whereas Wright's utopian design for
Broadacre City proposed urban sprawl,
Arcosanti is a proposal for the opposite:
an "urban implosion" where cities are
incredibly dense and rural areas are left
untouched.

• This is the materialization of Soleri's

theories of arcology.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Paolo Soleri
Arcosanti

• Soleri is remembered not just for his

remarkable designs but also for his
proposals of an alternative way of life.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism Natural zone
Introduction
Rural zone

Suburban zone
• New Urbanism is a planning and development approach based on the
principles of how cities and towns had been built for the last several
centuries: walkable blocks and streets, housing and shopping in close
proximity, and accessible public spaces. Central urban zone

• In other words: New Urbanism focuses on human- scaled urban design.

• It is the revival of our lost art of place-making, and is essentially a re-

ordering of the built environment into the form of complete cities, towns, Urban center zone
villages, and neighborhoods - the way communities have been built for
centuries around the world.

• New Urbanism involves fixing and infilling cities, as well as the creation of
compact new towns and villages.

Urban core zone

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
PRINCIPLES

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Benefits
To Residents To Businesses
• Increased sales due to more foot traffic &
• Higher quality of life people spending less on cars and gas

• Better places to live, work, & play • More profits due to spending less on advertising
Higher, more stable property Better lifestyle by living above shop in live-work
values Less traffic congestion & less units, saves the stressful & costly commute
driving Healthier lifestyle
• Economies of scale in marketing due to close
• Proximity to main street retail & services proximity and cooperation with other local
Close proximity to bike trails, parks, and businesses;
nature
• Smaller spaces promote small local business
• Pedestrian friendly communities resulting in incubation Healthier lifestyle
meaningful relationships with more people, and a
friendlier town • More community involvement

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Benefits

To Developers To Municipalities

• More income potential from higher density • Stable, appreciating tax base
mixed- use projects due to more leasable
square footage, more sales per square foot,
• Less spent per capita on infrastructure and utilities than
and higher property values and selling prices
typical suburban development due to compact, high-
density nature of projects
• Faster approvals in communities that have
adopted smart growth principles resulting in
• Increased tax base due to more buildings packed into a
cost/ time savings
tighter area

• Less traffic congestion due to walkability of design

Less crime and less spent on policing due to the
presence of more people day and night

• Less resistance from community

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Peter Calthorpe

• Peter Calthorpe is a San Francisco-based architect,

urban designer and urban planner. He is a founding
member of the Congress for New Urbanism, a
Chicago-based advocacy group formed in 1992 that
promotes sustainable building practices.

• His long and honored career in urban design,

planning, and architecture began in 1976, combining
his experience in each discipline to develop new
approaches to urban revitalization, suburban
growth, and regional planning.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Peter Calthorpe
7 Principles for Building Better Cities

Preserve Mixed Use Walk

Natural ecologies, landscapes Create mixed use and mixed Design walkable streets and
and cultural heritage sites income neighborhood human scale neighborhood

Bike Connect Ride Focus

Prioritize bicycles networks and Increase density of road Develop high quality transit Match density and
auto-free streets network, limit block size affordable bus rapid transit mix transit capacity
Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture
Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Andrés Duany

• Andrés Duany is an American architect and urban planner. He

is founder of the Congress for the New Urbanism, where he
serves on the Board of Directors.

• Duany is the author of many essays and articles, and co-

author of several books, including Suburban Nation: the Rise of
Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. The
SmartCode, The Smart Growth Manual, Garden Cities:
Agricultural Urbanism, and The New Civic Art.

• Duany’s work has been recognized with numerous awards,

including the Richard Driehaus Award, the Jefferson Medal, The
Vincent Scully Prize and several honorary doctorates.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk

• Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk is an American architect and

urban planner based in Miami, Florida, with over
thirty years of experience in a variety of projects at
every scale, including regional plans and municipal
zoning codes, downtown and neighborhood
revitalizations, new towns and neighborhoods,
streetscapes and building designs.

• She is considered to be a representative of the New

Urbanism school of urban planning, and an advocate
of the New Classical school of architecture.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
DUANY PLATER-ZYBERK & COMPANY (DPZ)

• Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company (DPZ) is an architecture and town planning firm based in Miami, Florida,
founded in 1980 by the husband-and-wife team of Andrés Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk.

• The firm is one of the preeminent advocates of New Urbanist town planning in the United States and other
countries, having completed designs for over 300 new and existing communities.

• DPZ is widely recognized as a leader of the New Urbanism, an international movement that seeks to end
suburban sprawl and urban disinvestment.

• DPZ's early work brought international attention to the postwar decline of urban planning. The firm was
among the first to advocate sustainable, environmentally-responsive, pedestrian-oriented neighborhoods,
designed for mixed-use and compact urban growth.

• A significant aspect of DPZ's work is its innovative use of planning regulations which accompany each design.
Tailored to the individual project, the codes address the way buildings are designed and located to ensure that
they create useful and distinctive public spaces.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
DPZ as a Think-Tank

LEAN URBANISM LIGHT IMPRINT AGRARIAN URBANISM SPRAWL REPAIR

LIFELONG NEIGHBORHOODS THE SMARTCODE THE TRANSECT

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture
Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Ideas

Oakland – Multi – way Boulevard

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Ideas

• Tactical Urbanism is the guerilla

warfare of the New Urbanism.

• There is no way to beat the

departments of transportation
with standard warfare.

Tactical urbanism in northwest Arkansas

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture
Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
New Urbanism
Ideas

• Context-based street design.

• Streets are the bones of a

community, and bones are
designed according to where
they are in the body.

Tactical urbanism in northwest Arkansas

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture
Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
 European Ideas
& Important Definitions

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
European Ideas
Mobility Pyramid

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Important Definitions
• Urban Sprawl: urban sprawl, also called sprawl or suburban sprawl, the rapid expansion of the geographic extent of
cities and towns, often characterized by low-density residential housing, single-use zoning, and increased reliance on
the private automobile for transportation. Urban sprawl is caused in part by the need to accommodate a rising urban
population; however, in many metropolitan areas it results from a desire for increased living space and other
residential amenities.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Important Definitions
• Conurbation: The term "conurbation" refers to continuous urban growth along a key transportation corridor that
connects the city center. Conurbation presents a picture of massive urban expansion and is a part of urban ecology. It
is functionally integrated with megacities and bigger metropolitan areas.

The Mumbai Metropolitan Region, for example, is made up of seven corporations and 15 municipal councils. Delhi and
the adjacent districts of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh make up the Delhi NCR region.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Important Definitions
• Gentrification

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra
Important Definitions
• Urban Decentralization: As cities expand with prevalent usage of automobiles, there has been a higher level of urban
decentralization, which is referred to the movement of population and businesses away from the established city
center toward the urban fringe.

Dayananda Sagar C ollege of Architecture

Lecture Prepared By – Nikhil Ravindra