Inter-University Policy in Technology Development to Realize

Sustainable Environmental Management at the International

Level

R Arifin1*, F Damayanti2, Z Zainurohmah2, W Waspiah3

1
Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang,
Semarang 50221, Indonesia (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-588X)
2
Researcher at the Forestry and Environmental Law Studies Center, Faculty of Law,
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang 50221, Indonesia (https://orcid.org/0009-
0008-3424-0017, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-2393)
3
Department of Private and Commercial Law, Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri
Semarang, Semarang 50221, Indonesia (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-7774)

*Corresponding author: ridwan.arifin@mail.unnes.ac.id

Abstract. This research examines the role of university collaboration policies in advancing
technology development for achieving sustainable environmental management on an
international scale. In an era marked by growing environmental challenges, such as climate
change, pollution, and resource depletion, universities have a critical role to play in fostering
innovation and driving solutions. The article explores the importance of collaboration between
universities across borders to address global environmental issues effectively. It analyzes
various policies and initiatives that facilitate such collaborations, including joint research
programs, knowledge sharing platforms, and international partnerships. By bringing together
diverse expertise, resources, and perspectives, university collaborations can leverage cutting-
edge technology to develop sustainable solutions. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the
significance of technology transfer and commercialization strategies to ensure the practical
application of research outcomes. It also highlights the need for supportive policies, funding
mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks to foster sustainable technology development at the
international level. Ultimately, this article underscores the transformative potential of
university collaboration policies in promoting environmental sustainability and calls for
increased efforts to enhance global cooperation among academic institutions. coordinating, and
monitoring research collaborations between domestic and international universities.

1. Introduction
A healthy and sustainable environment is crucial for the survival of humanity. Over time, human
needs have become more complex, leading to continuous development. Development activities are
inseparable from the utilization of natural resources, which can have adverse effects on the
environment. To prevent environmental degradation and the loss of environmental functions,
development activities must consider environmental protection and management efforts [1]. However,
the impacts of development, combined with climate change and pollution, have posed threats to the
sustainability of the environment worldwide. Indonesia is not exempt from the serious environmental
challenges. According to Ahmed et al. (2020) the environment is an important aspect and has a direct
impact on human life[2]. Environmental issues remain a significant responsibility as they affect the
quality of future life [3].
Currently, environmental degradation poses one of the greatest threats to humankind [4]. Protection
and management of the environment should be instilled early on as a systematic effort to preserve the
Earth, prevent pollution, and safeguard environmental functions [5]. Protecting and managing the
environment is fundamentally a shared responsibility among the government, private sector, and
society [6]. Therefore, global and cross-sector efforts are necessary to achieve sustainable
environmental management, and university collaborations across different countries in the
development of eco-friendly technologies represent one way to address environmental challenges
collectively.
However, there are still several obstacles in implementing university collaborations for eco-friendly
technology development. These obstacles arise from factors such as language barriers, cultural
differences, regulations, and intellectual property rights. Moreover, constraints related to funding,
available technology, and necessary infrastructure also exist.
There are several indicators that can be used as a reference for ideal conditions in international
cooperation in the field of environmental management research. First, the exchange of researchers and
students from different universities to collaborate on environmental management research. There is a
student exchange called the Indonesian International Student Mobility Awards (IISMA), but this has
had little impact in the field of sustainable environmental management research because IISMA
student discussions are limited to class, and they cannot contact the relevant lecturers[7]. This is due to
a lack of awareness or interest from each student. Second, there are joint publications between
researchers from international universities in the field of environmental management research[8].
However, universities whose academic community is not sensitive to this need will rule out joint
publications. Third, the continuation of international cooperation in the field of environmental
management research in a sustainable manner. In reality, there are still obstacles to cooperation, both
initial and continued, this is due to differences in regulations and the complexity of regulations that
must be met, such as residence permits and other matters. The process of making a Limited Stay
Permit Card (KITAS) certainly encounters many problems, obstacles and obstacles that need to be
evaluated and corrected so that the community or service users can feel satisfied with the services
provided[9]. So, currently there are still some gaps between ideal conditions and reality in
international cooperation in the field of environmental management research. However, with the right
efforts, this gap can be overcome to promote stronger and more sustainable international cooperation
in the future.
In the face of pressing global environmental challenges, achieving sustainable environmental
management has become an urgent priority. To address these issues effectively, it is crucial to harness
the power of technology and innovation. Universities, as centers of knowledge and research, have a
pivotal role to play in advancing technology development for sustainable environmental management.
However, the complexities of environmental problems require collaborative efforts that extend beyond
national boundaries. This article explores the significance of university collaboration policies in
fostering international cooperation to tackle environmental issues and drive sustainable technology
development.
Universities possess diverse expertise across disciplines, ranging from engineering and natural
sciences to social sciences and policy. By collaborating internationally, they can pool their resources,
knowledge, and research capabilities to develop innovative solutions that address complex
environmental challenges. Moreover, such collaborations enable the exchange of best practices,
methodologies, and experiences, enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of sustainability
initiatives.
 This article will delve into the various policies and initiatives that facilitate university
collaborations in technology development for environmental sustainability. It will highlight the
importance of joint research programs, knowledge-sharing platforms, and international partnerships.
Additionally, it will explore the crucial role of technology transfer and commercialization strategies to
ensure the practical application of research outcomes. Furthermore, the article will emphasize the
significance of supportive policies, funding mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks that foster
sustainable technology development at the international level. It will underscore the need for
governments, academic institutions, and industry stakeholders to work together to create an enabling
environment that encourages collaboration and incentivizes sustainable technology innovation.
Ultimately, this article aims to shed light on the transformative potential of university collaboration
policies in achieving sustainable environmental management globally. By fostering international
cooperation and leveraging technology development, universities can contribute significantly to
addressing environmental challenges and creating a more sustainable future.
Previously, there was already an article discussing inter-university collaboration, namely an article
entitled Challenges for International Cooperation in the Sector of Islamic Higher Education (Case
Studies: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, UIN Walisongo Semarang, and UIN Sunan Kalijaga
Yogyakarta) Year 2023 by Atik Yuliyani, Makyun Subuki, Dadi Darmadi, Adeb Davega Prasna,
Asmu'i, Abdil Azizul Furqon[10]. The article has presented various obstacles in establishing
international cooperation, there are challenges and obstacles experienced by Islamic higher education.
However, this article is still too specific and does not represent other universities as research and
research centers. The article also does not delve further into how the Ministry of Research,
Technology and Higher Education (Kemenristekdikti) as the oversight institution establishes an
international cooperation mechanism for universities. Therefore this article clearly has a novelty than
the previous article.
Hogwood and Gunn, as cited by Parsons, define ten uses of the term “policy”: as a label for a field
of activity, as an expression of general or expected state activity, as a specific proposal, as government
decisions, as formal authorization, as a program, as an output, as an outcome, as a theory or model,
and as a process. The modern meaning of policy in English is a set of actions or plans that contain
political objectives [11]. In Indonesia, policies regarding university collaborations in the development
of eco-friendly technologies are still limited and not yet optimized. Although there have been several
collaborative programs among universities in the development of eco-friendly technologies, there is a
lack of clear and structured policies to facilitate and promote such collaborations.
Therefore, research on university collaboration policies in technology development to achieve
sustainable environmental management at the international level is crucial. This research aims to
provide a better understanding of the role of universities in the development of eco-friendly
technologies and to identify the necessary policies to facilitate collaborations.
Furthermore, this research can provide benefits in terms of global development of science and
technology. The development of environmentally friendly technologies is becoming increasingly
important due to the growing seriousness of environmental impacts. Through this research, it is
expected that the obstacles in implementing collaboration among universities in the development of
environmentally friendly technologies and the appropriate strategies to overcome these obstacles can
be identified. Additionally, this research can provide effective and structured policy recommendations
to facilitate collaboration among universities in the development of environmentally friendly
technologies. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the government's efforts to
achieve sustainable environmental management. Appropriate policies can be formulated to facilitate
and promote collaboration among universities in the development of environmentally friendly
technologies in Indonesia. Furthermore, it is hoped that the results of this research can serve as a basis
for universities in Indonesia to enhance their role in the development of environmentally friendly
technologies and the realization of sustainable environmental management.

2. Methods
This research is a normative juridical study, which is a research method and legal analysis that
examines norms, rules, principles, theories, doctrines, and other legal literature to address the legal
issues under investigation [12]. The approach used is the statutory and conceptual approach. The
statutory approach involves examining various laws and regulations related to the legal issues being
studied. The conceptual approach is carried out through the study of views and doctrines in legal
science by examining books, articles, and other relevant sources.

3. Result and Discussion

The impact of extreme climate change has prompted the entire human population to prepare for
prevention and mitigation before potential disasters occur. Climate change is a natural phenomenon
characterized by changes in the values of climate elements, both natural and accelerated due to human
activities on Earth. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution until now, there has been an
increase in global air temperatures [13]. Extreme climate change is caused, in part, by the lack of wise
environmental management by humans. In a seminar titled “Seasonal Prediction: Between Variability
and Climate Change” held in the Merapi Auditorium of the Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada
University, Andung stated that many international institutions predict that temperatures will rise, and
heatwaves will occur everywhere in the world [14].
This issue is undoubtedly the responsibility of all human beings. While air traffic ownership can be
divided, when it comes to climate, it is more effective to address it through collaboration. Universities,
as educational institutions and research centers, are a significant hope for technology development in
the environmental field. Vulnerable developing countries represent one of the weakest links in the
global environmental management structure [15]. Therefore, there is often a perception that
international regulations can interfere with national autonomy. However, there is great hope that
through collaboration strengthened by international regulations, all countries can synergize and work
together. Furthermore, the Stockholm Declaration, which contains many principles of wisdom, can be
used as a reference and greatly beneficial to the development of national and international
environmental laws [16]. This declaration also emphasizes[17]:
a. Countries must cooperate to develop international laws on responsibility and compensation for
pollution victims and other environmental damage originating from outside their territories.
b. Criteria and norms on environmental issues need to be established.
c. Countries must collaborate to protect and enhance the environment and emphasize the
coordinated, effective, and dynamic role of international organizations.
d. Condemnation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.
Environmental management can provide economic, social, and cultural benefits. Environmental
management should be based on the principles of caution, environmental democracy, decentralization,
and recognition and appreciation of local wisdom and environmental wisdom, ensuring that the
Indonesian environment is protected and well-managed based on the principle of justice[18].
In Indonesia, there are already regulations governing university collaboration in technology
development, namely Law Number 18 of 2002 on the National System of Research, Development, and
Application of Science and Technology, which was later repealed by Law Number 11 of 2019 on the
National System of Science and Technology. The existence of these laws can be a hope that
universities in Indonesia should utilize to achieve sustainable environmental management at the
international level, in addition to supporting their respective priority areas in accordance with the
National Research Master Plan (RIRN) and the National and Regional Medium-Term Development
Plan (RPJMN/D). The Law Number 11 of 2019 on the National System of Science and Technology
states that research, development, assessment, and application can be carried out by foreign scientific
and technological institutions and/or foreigners, provided they fulfill the obligation to obtain
permission from the central government.
However, there are some obstacles currently encountered in the field, such as the complex process
of obtaining a Limited Stay Permit Card (Kartu Izin Tinggal Sementara hereinafter as KITAS). The
Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) as a mandatory requirement can be a barrier in the international
collaboration process of universities in technology development in Indonesia. According to
Government Regulation Number 48 of 2021 on the Third Amendment to Government Regulation
Number 31 of 2013 concerning the Implementation Regulation of Law Number 6 of 2011 on
Immigration, applications for Limited Stay Permits must be submitted no later than 30 days from the
date of arrival. In this process, foreigners first obtain a Limited Stay Visa (VITAS) before converting
it into a Limited Stay Permit (ITAS). The difference between the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS)
and the Limited Stay Permit (ITAS) lies in their physical form. The Limited Stay Permit Card
(KITAS) is a physical card that serves as proof of the Limited Stay Permit (ITAS). Failure to process
the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) within 30 days by the holder of the Limited Stay Visa
(VITAS) may result in a fine. To convert the Limited Stay Visa (VITAS) into a Limited Stay Permit
Card (KITAS), several requirements must be met, including:
a. Application for the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) from the company or sponsor,
b. Letter of statement and guarantee from the company or sponsor,
c. Power of attorney for management,
d. Valid passport,
e. Valid visa,
f. IMTKA (Work Permit for Foreign Workers) issued by the Ministry of Manpower,
g. Proof of payment for the application of the Limited Stay Permit Card,
h. Proof of domicile,
i. Letter of recommendation from the Ministry of Education and Culture (for students)
j. Research permit letter from the Minister of State for Research and Technology (for researchers),
k. Plan for the use of foreign workers (RPTKA) from the Ministry of Manpower and
Transmigration (Menakertrans) for foreign workers or approval letter of assignment from the
Ministry of Education and Culture for students.
In addition to the previously mentioned requirements, foreign individuals who intend to work,
engage in foreign investment, or conduct scientific training/research are also subject to additional
requirements, including:
a. Letter of recommendation from the relevant government agency/institution.
b. Specifically for foreigners working on National Strategic Projects or National Vital Objects:
recommendation from the ministry responsible for coordinating, synchronizing, and controlling
maritime and investment affairs in the implementation of government administration.
The extensive requirements, coupled with different document processing locations and the given
time limit of only 30 days, make the process of obtaining a Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) feel
very complex. It is worth noting that some required documents may only be completed upon arrival in
Indonesia. Moreover, each process at the Immigration Office, such as the interview, must be
conducted within 3 working days from the acceptance of the application. Extension of the Visit Stay
Permit should be granted no later than 3 working days after the interview and payment. This can be
attributed to a lack of staff at the Immigration Office, which is further exacerbated when dealing with
a large number of application documents, leading to longer processing times. If the Immigration
Office is located far from the research site, transportation expenses and time will be required.
In essence, law is created as a means to provide a framework that governs the rights and obligations
of citizens as legal subjects, enabling them to exercise their rights and fulfil their obligations without
harming others. In this regard, there are several rules to follow in order to ensure that the law is upheld
in an orderly and organized manner. Law also serves to provide something that will serve as a catalyst
for development, making society more advanced than before, enabling individuals to think logically,
rationally, and critically [19].
Discussing the complexity of obtaining a Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS), in this case, the law
can offer a solution. It is necessary to establish new regulations that outline more effective procedures
for obtaining a Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) for institutions or foreign individuals. At the very
least, these new regulations should include the following:
 a. Simplification of Procedures: Evaluate the existing procedures for the Limited Stay Permit Card
(KITAS) and make efforts to simplify them. Identify unnecessary or time-consuming steps and
establish more direct and efficient procedures without sacrificing compliance with applicable
rules and regulations.
b. Enhanced Interagency Coordination: Coordinate communication and collaboration between
relevant departments or ministries, such as the Immigration Department, the Ministry of
Manpower, and other relevant agencies. Ensure clear and effective channels of communication
to facilitate the exchange of necessary information during the process of obtaining a Limited
Stay Permit Card (KITAS). This step will help reduce overlaps and expedite the approval
process.
c. Integrated Services: Establish integrated service centers for the processing of Limited Stay
Permit Cards (KITAS). These centers will consolidate various services related to the Limited
Stay Permit Card (KITAS) in one location, eliminating the need for applicants to visit multiple
different places. The center can provide efficient and integrated services for document
submission, processing, and issuance of Limited Stay Permit Cards (KITAS).
d. Utilization of Technology: Harness information technology to enhance the effectiveness of
Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) procedures. Implement an integrated information system
that allows applicants to submit applications online, upload electronic documents, and track the
status of their applications. Additionally, consider using other technologies such as biometrics
and automated processing to expedite identity verification and data processing.
e. Training and Capacity Building: Enhance training and capacity building for officials involved
in the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) process. Ensure that they understand the
requirements, latest regulations, and relevant procedures. This training can also include the use
of technology, effective communication, and improving skills in providing quality services to
applicants.
f. Monitoring and Evaluation: Policies established by the government should not merely be
enacted for implementation by society without further government oversight. The government
has a role to ensure that these policies are implemented as intended by the people[20].
Therefore, regular monitoring and evaluation of the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS)
procedures are necessary. Review the performance and effectiveness of the Limited Stay Permit
Card (KITAS) process, and identify areas that require improvement. By conducting periodic
evaluations, you can continuously enhance the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) procedures
according to evolving needs and changes.
By establishing new regulations that encompass at least these six aspects, the procedures for
obtaining a Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS) for institutions or foreign individuals can become more
effective, transparent, and efficient. Furthermore, regarding university collaboration in developing
technology to achieve international sustainable environmental management, there is a need for a
specialized institution called the University International Collaboration Institution in Research
(LKIU). This institution will have an impact on sustainable environmental management if there is
follow-up action after research results are obtained. Its aim is to provide effective services and
supervision for international university collaborations in the field of research.
In the future, the International University Research Cooperation Institution (LKIU) will become an
independent and autonomous entity under the government's auspices. Its main task will be to facilitate,
coordinate, and monitor research cooperation between universities within and outside the country. The
LKIU will have a close relationship with the Ministry of Education and other relevant institutions to
ensure compliance with government policies.
One of the primary roles of the LKIU is to provide comprehensive services to universities
interested in establishing international research cooperation. This includes providing information
about potential research partners, developing cooperation guidelines, assisting in the negotiation
process, and helping to draft joint research proposals. The LKIU will also provide technical assistance
in the management of collaborative research projects, including administration, budgeting, and
reporting.
Additionally, the LKIU will be responsible for overseeing ongoing research collaborations. This
supervision will involve monitoring project progress, assessing the quality of research conducted, and
evaluating the impact of such collaborations. The LKIU will also involve multidisciplinary expert
teams to assess research outcomes and provide recommendations for improving their quality and
impact.
The LKIU will also serve as a forum for universities to share knowledge, experiences, and best
practices in international research cooperation. The institution will organize meetings, seminars, and
workshops involving researchers and university administrative staff. The goal of these activities is to
build a strong network among universities, strengthen collaboration, and foster innovation in research.
Furthermore, the LKIU will function as a liaison between universities and relevant government
agencies, including research funding bodies and international organizations. This will ensure the
necessary synergy and support to effectively carry out research cooperation.
Overall, the International University Research Cooperation Institution (LKIU) will play a central
role in enhancing international research cooperation among universities. By providing comprehensive
services, effective oversight, and a collaborative forum, the institution will facilitate knowledge
exchange, improve research quality, and strengthen university collaboration at a global level.
If the International University Research Cooperation Institution (LKIU) is established, it will have
a significant positive impact on the management of sustainable environments at an international level.
Firstly, it will encourage broader and more intensive collaboration among universities worldwide in
addressing environmental challenges. Through the exchange of knowledge, experience, and
technology, universities will be able to develop innovative solutions for environmental protection and
restoration. Additionally, the LKIU will become a source of information and guidance for best
practices in sustainable environmental management. Universities will be able to learn from one
another and implement successful approaches, such as emissions reduction, waste management, and
conservation of natural resources. This will promote the adoption of policies and concrete actions that
contribute to better global environmental management.
Secondly, the LKIU will strengthen research networks and cross-disciplinary cooperation in the
pursuit of sustainable environmental management. Universities from various fields such as
environmental science, social sciences, engineering, and natural sciences will work together to
understand environmental impacts, evaluate existing solutions, and design holistic strategies. In this
collaboration, innovation will flourish through critical thinking and multidimensional approaches. The
research outcomes obtained through such collaboration can serve as a foundation for more effective
and sustainable environmental policies at the international level.
However, some studies emphasized and found that environmental policies as well as future
technology policies have significantly increased not only the economic values but also social and
cultural values. However, these studies also highlighted that development of technology has side effect
for the environmental degradation and human behaviour, as well as trend for law enforcement and
crimes.[16][17][18]1[9][20] In the further context, it is also emphasized that law enforcement for
environmental sector faced many problems and challenges. [21][22]
The results of the discussion in this article are much more detailed regarding how to solve each
existing problem so that the parties involved can determine actions decisively and quickly. The
research results from this article are not only useful for certain universities, but all universities that
will collaborate with universities abroad can benefit from the results of this research. In addition, this
research is quite realistic compared to the solutions presented in similar articles.

4. Conclusion
This research concluded that the extreme climate change caused by the lack of wisdom in human
environmental management has increased the urgency for the development of environmental
management technologies. To support this need, international university collaborations in the relevant
field are necessary. This is based on the fact that universities are educational institutions that serve as
centers for research and investigation. In Indonesia, there are already regulations governing university
collaborations in technology development. However, several obstacles are still encountered in the
field, potentially hindering efforts to achieve sustainable environmental management. The most
common and complained about obstacle is the complexity of the Limited Stay Permit (KITAS)
application process. The numerous requirements with different document processing locations,
coupled with the 30-day time limit, make the process of obtaining a KITAS very complicated.
Therefore, it is necessary to immediately establish new regulations that include ways to make the
KITAS procedure for institutions or foreigners more effective.
This study also highlighted the importance of collaboration between universities in tackling global
environmental challenges. By leveraging their expertise and resources, academic institutions can
contribute to the development of innovative solutions and best practices. The study has explored
various policies and initiatives that facilitate university collaborations, such as joint research programs,
knowledge-sharing platforms, and international partnerships. These collaborations enable the
exchange of knowledge and the pooling of resources, fostering innovation and accelerating the
development of sustainable technologies. Additionally, the article emphasized the significance of
technology transfer and commercialization strategies to ensure the practical application of research
outcomes. By effectively translating academic research into tangible solutions, universities can have a
significant impact on sustainable environmental management. Supportive policies, funding
mechanisms, and regulatory frameworks are essential for creating an enabling environment for
university collaborations. Governments, academic institutions, and industry stakeholders must work
together to establish a framework that incentivizes sustainable technology development and
encourages collaboration on a global scale.

5. Acknowledgments
Thank you very much to the Law Faculty of Semarang State University for providing financial support
through the DIPA Research Fund to the authors so that the authors were able to complete this article
from preparation to publication.

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