GEM AND JEWELRY

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 Corundum Family
a) Ruby
b) Blue Sapphire
c) Pink Sapphire
d) Yellow Sapphire
e) Orange Sapphire
f) Padmaraga
g) Purple Sapphire
h) Green Sapphire
i) White Sapphire
j) Star Sapphire
k) Colour Changing Sapphire
John Keells Group - Confidential 2
 Properties of Corundum family
1) Chemical composition - Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide)
2) Crystal System - Trigonal
3) Crystal habit - Barrel shape
4) Hardness - 9.0 (Moh’s scale)
5) Specific Gravity - 3.99
6) Refractive Index - 1.762 – 1.770
7) Birefringence - 0.008
8) Optic sign - Uniaxial – (Negative)
9) Cleavage - None
10) Fracture - Conchoidal, Splintery
11) Luster - Vitreous
12) Streak - White

John Keells Group - Confidential 3

 Colouring elements in Corundum
 Ruby - Cr3+
 Blue - Fe2+/ Ti4+
 Yellow - Fe3+, Colour centers
 Orange - Cr3+, Fe3+, Colour centers
 Padmaraga - Cr3+, Fe3+, Colour centers
 Green - Fe2+
 Purple - Cr3+, Fe2+, Ti4+
 Pink - Cr3+

John Keells Group - Confidential 4

John Keells Group - Confidential 5