Combinations with Restrictions

Today we looked at situations in which combinations were used with some restrictions.

Example
How many ways can you draw a hand of 5 cards from a standard deck of 52 cards if you must have exactly 1 club?

Solution
The order in which cards are drawn doesn't matter, so we're using combinations (not permutations).
13
First, choose the club. There are ( ) = 13 ways to choose a club.
1
52 − 13 39
Now, choose the remaining 4 cards. There are ( ) = ( ) ways to choose the remaining cards (since you
4 4
can't choose clubs any more).
13 39
Together, this gives ( ) ( ) = 1069263 possible hands.
1 4

More stuff
We also looked at a situation which required multiple cases to solve:

Example
A class of 19 students has 11 girls and 8 boys. How many ways can a committee of 5 students be formed from these
students if there must be at least 2 boys and at least 2 girls on the committee?

Solution
We must consider the different variations separately.

Case 1: 2 boys, 3 girls

There are 8 boys, and we must choose 2 of them. For each pair of boys we could choose, we must then choose 3
8 11
girls from the 11 girls in the class. So, there are ( ) ( ) = 4620 committees with exactly 2 boys and 3 girls.
2 3
Case 2: 3 boys, 2 girls
8 11
Here we choose 3 boys and then 2 girls, for ( ) ( ) = 3080 committees.
3 2
Total
Together we have 4620 + 3080 = 7700 different ways to form the committee.