NAKIKIT-

AN NA BA
INI NGA
SLIDE?
MATHEMATICS 10
Quarter 3
 SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
 Objectives
•Recap rules for Permutation and
Combination

•Identify whether a situation involves

Combination or Permutation

•Solve problems that involves Permutation

and Combination
Permutations
Definition……
 Permutation – The arrangement of objects in a specific order.

Order Matters!
Example……
 How many ways can  Answer:
you arrange 3
people for a picture?
3  2 1  6
 Note: You are using
all 3 people
 Example……
 Suppose 5 students are  Answer:
task to report a topic by
their Math teacher for 5! 5  4  3  2 1  120
the quarter, how many
ways can the
presentation be done?
 What if only 3  Answer:
students were
allowed to present 5  4  3  60
their report due to
lack of time?
 Remember, since  This is a
only 3 reporters are permutation:
allowed to present,
we arrange 5
students to 3 slots.
5! 5! 120
5 P3     60
5  4  3  60 (5  3)! 2! 2
 Permutation Rule……

n! where n = total # of

n Pr 
objects and r = how
many you need.
(n  r )!
“n objects taken r at a
time”
Factorial……
 This is the same as  Using the previous
using a factorial: example:

n! n(n  1)(n  2).....1

3! 3(3  1)(3  2)

3! 3  2 1  6
Example……
 A TV news director
wishes to use 3  Answer:
news stories on the
evening news. She
wants the top 3 8 P3  336
news stories out of
8 possible. How
many ways can the
program be set up?
Example……
 How many ways can  Answer:
a valedictorian and a
salutatorian be
ranked in a
graduating class if 7 P2  42
there are 7
candidates?
Example……
 How many ways can  Answer:
a professor arrange
3 index cards
selected from 8 to
8 P3  336
make a recitation
format?
Example……
 How many ways can  Answer:
4 books be arranged
on a shelf if they
can be selected from 9 P4  3024
9 books?
A factorial is also a
permutation……
 How many ways can  You can do 4! or
4 books be arranged you can set it up as
on a shelf? a permutation.

Answer:

4 P4  24
Note……

 0! = 1
and
1! = 1
Special Permutation when
objects repeat……
 Example: How many permutations of
the word seem can be made?
 Since there are 4 letters, the total
possible ways is 4! If each “e” is labeled
differently. Also, there are 2! Ways to
permute e1e2. But, since they are
indistinguishable, these duplicates must
be eliminated by dividing by 2!.
 How many  Answer:
permutations of the
word seem can be 4!
made?  12
2!
This leads to another permutation
rule when some things repeat……

n!
n Pr 
k1!k 2 !k3!...k p !

 It reads: the # of permutations of n

objects in which k1 are alike, k2 are
alike, etc.
Example……
 Find the permutations  Answer:
of the word
Mississippi.
11!
 34650
 Number of Letters (1!4!4!2!)
 11 – Total Letters
 1–M
 4–I
 You can eliminate the
 4–S 1!’s because they are
 2-P equal to 1.
Combinations
Definition……
 Combination – a selection of “n”
objects without regard to order.

Order Does NOT Matter!

Let’s compare ABCD – Find permutations
of 2 and combinations of 2.
 Permutations of 2:  Combinations of 2:

AB CA AB
AC CB AC
AD CD AD
BA DA BC
BC DB BD
BD DC CD
 Note: AB is NOT the  Note: AB is the same
same as BA. as BA
 When different orderings of the
same items are counted
separately, we have a permutation
problem, but when different
orderings of the same items are
not counted separately, we have a
combination problem.
Combination Rule……

n!
C
n r 
(n  r )!r!

 Read: “n” objects taken “r” at a time.

Example……
 How many  Answer:
combinations of 4
objects are there, 4! 4! 12
4 C2    6
taken 2 at a time? (4  2)!2! 2!2! 2
Example……
To survey opinions  Answer:
of customers at local
malls, a researcher
decides to select 5
C
12 5  792
(malls) from 12.
How many ways can
this be done?
Why is order is not
important?
Example……
 A bike shop owner has  Answer:
11 mountain bikes in
the showroom. He
wishes to select 5 to
display at a show. How
C
11 5  462
many ways can a group
of 5 be selected?

Note: He is NOT
interested in a specific
order.
Example……
 In a club there are 7  Answer:
women and 5 men. A
committee of 3 women C3 5 C 2  35 10  350
7
and 2 men is to be
chosen. How many
different possibilities are
there?
 The “and” indicates that
you must use the (FCP)
multiplication rule along
with the combination
rule.
Example……
 In a club with 7 women and  Now you must use
5 men, select a committee of
5 with at least 3 women. the multiplication
rule as well as the
addition rule.
 This means you have 3
possibilities:
 3W,2M or  The reason for this
 4W,1M or is you are using
 5W,0M
“and” and “or.”
Answer……
 3W,2M: 7 C3  5 C 2  350

 4W,1M: 7 C 4  5 C1  175

 5W,0M: C5  5 C 0  21
7

Add the totals: 350 + 175 + 21 = 546

Example……
 In a club with 7 women and  Use the
5 men, select a committee of
5 with at most 2 women. multiplication rule
and the addition
rule.
 This means you have 3
possibilities:
 0W,5M or  First you multiply,
 1W,4M or then you add.
 2W,3M
Answer……

 0W,5M: 7 C 0  5 C5  1 1  1

 1W,4M:
7 C1  5 C 4  7  5  35

 2W,3M:
7 C 2  5 C3  21 10  210
 Add the totals: 1 + 35 + 210 = 246
Quiz#
 How many ways are there to form a 3-
member subcommittee from a group of
12 people?
 How many ways are there to choose a
president, vice-president, and secretary
from a group of 12 people?