Learning Activity Sheets

DISCIPLINES and IDEAS in the SOCIAL SCIENCES

(Key Concepts Rooted in Filipino Language and Experiences in the Social
Sciences)
ACTIVITY SHEET No. 1
I. Learning Competency with Code
After going through this Learning Activity Sheet (LAS), you are expected to:
1. Examine the social ideas of Filipino thinkers starting from Isabelo de los
Reyes, Jose Rizal, and other Filipino thinkers
(HUMSS_DIS 11-IVe-1)
II. Background Information for Learners
The learner will be able to learn the following concepts:
1. Ideas of Filipino Thinkers starting from Isabelo de los Reyes, Jose Rizal, and
other Filipino Intellectuals

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites (With

Possible Materials for experiments/activities)
1. Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences, pp. 129-135. Mary
Dorothy Jose and Jerome Ong, Vibal Group, Inc.
2. “Isabelo de los Reyes.” National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Posted 6
September 2012. Accessed on 17 October 2016. http://nhcp.gov.ph/isabelo-de-los-
reyes/

IV. Activity Proper

1. KEEP THIS IN MIND
Through the years, there are already a lot of Filipinos who extensively studied on
the different traditions and attitudes in the Philippine society itself. These new series of
lessons therefore will deal with the new state of social sciences in the Philippine setting
including different social factors vis a vis Filipino as a social thinker, key values, Philippine
psychology and Filipinos over-all intellectual and cultural atmosphere in the society.

IDEAS OF FILIPINO THINKERS

Social Thinker: Jose Rizal
Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna. He was a writer, poet, teacher,
ophthalmologist, novelist and a renowned social thinker. A genuine scholar and one of the
great Filipino thinkers of all time, Rizal had numerous works that reflected his ideas on
society, education, women, history, culture, language, colonialism, and revolution. A
prolific writer at such a young age, Rizal wrote “To the Filipino Youth, 1879” and “The
Council of Gods, 1880” that won him top honors in a competition while still studying at
University of Santo Tomas.
The ills of society as a result of deteriorating colonial rule are reflected in two of his
major works, the Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891). In Noli Me Tangere,
Rizal pointed out the various weaknesses of Philippine society as a result of oppressive
colonial policies and the lack of reforms to address the pressing needs of the time. The sequel
to the Noli Me Tangere, the El Filibusterismo begins with the return of the main protagonist-
turned-villain Simon. The main theme of this sequel connotes ill-system of the colonial
government during Spanish regime including corruption, frailocracy, and unjust government
regulation which led to opposition and sedition even by the most loyal citizens.
Social Thinker: Isabelo de los Reyes

Isabelo de los Reyes was another famous social thinker who criticize the Spanish and
American invaders in the Philippines. He was a former journalist, writer, and senator of the
Philippines. He authored several novels and essays including “Ang Singsing ng Dalagang
Marmol” and “Genesis Cientifico y Moderno”. As a journalist, he wrote some articles
elaborating the Spanish friars’ corruption which eventually led to the imprisonment of the
Spanish officials. He was also merited as the first Filipino socialist. Upon his return from
imprisonment in Spain, de los Reyes brought with him several works by socialists, Karl Marx
and Friedrich Engels, among others. This led to an empowered de los Reyes that campaigned
for workers’ rights that eventually landed him government positions and even a senate seat. As
a socialist, his opinion towards Philippine society is based on the teachings of Karl Marx
which emphasizes the pursuit of a communist state. He died on October 10, 1938.

Social Thinker: Pedro Paterno

Born on February 27, 1858 in Santa Cruz, Manila from an affluent family. He was
another intellectual who had a great interest in early Filipinos and their culture.
He wrote the following poems and novels:
1. Sampaguitas y Poesias Varias (1880), the first Filipino collection of poems.
2. Ninay (1850), the first Filipino novel.
While in Spain as part of the Propaganda Movement, Paterno wrote numerous
dissertations on Filipino culture that include:
1. Antigua Civilization Tagalog (1887)- Paterno described the initial development of the
“Luzonic islands” while trying to show the resemblance of this native civilization to the
early cultures of European nations (Schumacher, 1997).
2. Los Itas (1890)- described the customs of Negritos where Tagalog and the Visayans
evolved.
Unfortunately, most contemporaries of Paterno, such as Rizal and de los Reyes, give
little or no importance to the works of Paterno because of their absurdity and irrationality.

Social Thinker: Emilio Jacinto

Emilio Jacinto, the so-called “Brains of the Katipunan” was born on December 15,
1875 at Tondo, Manila. In 1894, Jacinto joined the Katipunan and rose to become the
right-hand man of Andres Bonifacio. He became the secretary of the Katipunan and editor
of the newspaper of Katipunan.
The second most important item in Kalayaan is Jacinto’s Manifesto (Pahayag, 1896)
where Kalayaan is personified and appears to a youth caught up in darkness (Ileto, 1979).
Another work of Jacinto is entitled Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Association of the
Sons of the Nation) aimed at informing prospective members of the conditions for joining
the secret society.

Social Thinker: Andres Bonifacio

Considered as the “Father of the Philippine Revolution” and one of the greatest
Filipino heroes, Andres Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863 at Tondo, Manila.
Bonifacio was able to enrich his knowledge on social issues by reading popular works of
 his time, including books about the:
1. French Revolution
2. Life of the Presidents of the United States
3. Les Miserables
4. The Ruins of Palmyra
5. Wandering Jew
Bonifacio was one of the original founders of the radical group Katipunan with the
objective of overthrowing Spanish colonial regime in the Philippines. He was also a
contributor to the organization’s newspaper. From his essays and poems, one can appreciate
his views with regards the cultural identity of the pre-colonial natives and his lofty ideals of
ushering a new dawn to the once great Tagalog nation.

3. EXERCISES
ACTIVITIES: A. Try This!
Direction: Complete the following concept map based on your understanding of the
lesson.
Filipino Thinkers

Isabelo de los Pedro

Jose Andres Emilio
Reyes Paterno
Rizal Bonifacio Jacinto

B. Direction: Choose one among the Social Thinkers given below and read (in English) its
entirety. Examine their work and answer the following guide questions.

Social Thinkers and their work

A. To the Filipino Youth- Jose Rizal
B. Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol- Isabelo de los Reyes
C. Antigua Civilization Tagalog- Pedro Paterno
D. Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan- Emilio Jacinto
E. Katipunan- Andres Bonifacio

Guide Questions:
1. What is the main point of the particular work of your chosen Social Thinker?
2. How did the Social Thinker support his arguments and claims?
3. Are these articles still relevant in today’s time? Expound your answer.

C. Apply your Learning:

Direction: What are the contributions of Filipino thinkers (Paterno, Rizal, Bonifacio,
Jacinto and De los Reyes) in enriching the literature about Philippine society, culture
and experiences? Give your ideas through completing the scroll
 1. Explain the factors that gave rise to Filipino Social Thinkers in the 19th
Century?
PATERN RIZA BONIFACI

1. 1.
1.
2. 2.
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3. 3.
3 .
JACINTO DELOS

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY: Let’s Think! ESSAY!

1. Explain the factors that gave rise to Filipino Social Thinkers in the 19 th Century?
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Reflection
Direction: Provide reflection guide question below, write your answer in your
activity sheet.
If you were given a chance to be a Filipino Thinker what would be the title
of your work? Do you think your work will have relation to the social
issues we are facing now? Why?

RUBRIC FOR RECLECTION PAPER AND ESSAY

CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS
Content The work was very informative with regards to the topic/ issue. 10
Analysis Analysis was clear and concise. 6
Organization The work was well-written with ideas easily conveyed to readers. 4
TOTAL 20

VI. Answer Key (Upside Down)

 Answers may vary