Surname: N\ Zu 0 Initials: Student No: Universiteit van Pretoria Grondmeganika SGM 311 Semestertoets 2 - 20 April 2012 Prof. E. Rust Prof. G. Heymann Tyd / Time 90 min Give the UNITS for ALL the answers where applicable Question 4 a) Verduidelik wat die twee verglykings is. Explain what these equations are: (5) —_——— — HAki + H2k2 a a X b) Teken, met volledige byskrifte (asse ook) die volgende grafieke vir ‘n drieassige- druktoets. Draw and annotate completely (axes as well) the following graphs obtained during a triaxial test: (5+5) i. Volume verandering teenoor skuif-vervorming vir ‘n los sowel as ‘n digte sand in'n gekorsolideetde-gedreineerdetoets, Volume change vs. sheer strain for a loose as well as a dense sand in a a consolidated-drained test.“Deviator stress” en poriedruk teenoor vervorming vir 'n gekonsolideerde- ongedreineerde toets op oorgekonsolideerde klei. Deviator stress and pore pressure vs strain for a consolidated-undrained test on overconsolidated clay. —~ a c) Noem al die effektiewe spannigs parameters (geen ander parameters nie) wat verkry word uit al die moontlike drieassige-druktoetse. Name all (but only) the effective strength parai .can be obtained from all the triaxial tests. 6) 4) 'n Gekonsolideerde-gedreineerde drieassigedruktoets word op “dilatant’ grond uitgevoer. Merk slegs die stellings wat korrek is (albei moet korrek wees vir punte). A consolidated- drained triaxial test is carried out on dilatant soil. Mark only the properties that are correct(both must be correct fo earn any maiks) 6) Gedurende afskuiwing tot swigting sal die volume: When shearing the sample to the point of failure the volume of the sample would: xt “|f Nema ][ Bly konstant |] Onvoidcende inigtng Ingp Decrease _|} Stays constant || inadequate info to say ji, Vir bogenoemde geval sal die poriedruk: For the above case the pore pressure will Neem toe || Neem af Bly kolstent Onvoldoende inlgting l stant || Inadequate info to say Increase || Decrease |) Stayy€) Die grafiek is die resultaat van 'n drieassige-druktoets. The following graph is the result of a triaxial test: (6) i. Gee volledige byskrifte (asse ook). Annotate the graph completely (axes as well). ii. What type of triaxial test is this Unearicbdted Unelrac-ed List all the strengthgarameters that can be obtaipe a. vr” d from this test Question 2 Die figuur hieronder toon ‘n grondprofiel wat bestaan uit drie grond lae. Neem aan dat die kapillére styghoogte in die boonste sand laag 4m is. Die laagdiktes, digthede en die osisie van die water tafel is soos aangedul. Neem die eenheidsgewig van water as 10kNim?. Die klei het ‘n baie lae permeabilitet. The figure below shows a soil profile comprising three soil layers. Assume that the capillary rise in the top sand layer is 4m. Layer thicknesses, densities and the position of the ground water table are as shown. Take the unit weight of water as 10kN/m’. The clay has a very low permeability. |A___Grond opperviak / Ground surface “You= 16kN/m? | ‘Yys= 19kNim® ou) 4 ater tafeUtable_y G8 8m Clay Dz 4m Sand ye = 19kNim? a) Plot die effektiewe spanningsverspreiding in the grondprofiel hieronder (in kPa) en dui die effektiewe spanningswaardes by punt A, B1, B2, C1,C2, D1, D2 en E aan in die blokkies. Plot the effective stress distribution in the soil profile below (in KPa) and indicate the effective stress values at points A, B1, B2, C1,C2, D1, D2 and E in the blocks provided.o Ac rR. . A2__Plot the graph here Answer in these blocks 22 ‘n Verspreide belasting van 130kPa word oor ‘n baie groot area in ‘n baie kort tyd op die bestaande grondopperviak geplaas. A distributed load of 130kPa is placed over a very large area on the existing ground surface ina very short time. b) Plot die poriedrukverspreiding in die grondprofiel onmiddeliik na die plasing van die verspreide belasting en dui waardes aan vir posisies A tot E Plot the pore pressure distribution in the soil profile immediately after placing the distributed load and indicate values for points A to E.©) Plot die effektiewe spanningsverspreiding in die grondprofiel direk na die plasing van die verspreide belasting en dui waardes aan vir posisies A tot E Plot the effective stress distribution in the soil profile directly after placing the distributed load and indicate values for points A to E. 3o Bi Shr Hose BQ| c Woo 270 cI d) ‘n Belasting van 120kPa word op ‘n Kleilaag, 6m dik, geplaas. Teken ‘n grafiek van die totale spanning, effektiewe spanning en poriedruk in die klei met diepte net nadat die belasting van 120kPa gepiaas is (ongedreineerd). Neem die kapilére styghoogte in ag. A load of 120kPa is placed on a 6m thick clay layer. Draw a graph of the total stress, effective stress and pore pressure in the clay with depth directly after the load of 120kPa has been applied (i.e. undrained). Take capillary action into account. (15) 120kPa | | | Lwaterkable x V + Clay ‘yeu =17.8kN/n? 6m- [ Ose = or (0B €o 2 m6 Re Question 3 (Dui ALLE antwoorde aan op die Mohr sirkel Show ALL answers on the Mohr circle) a) Teken die Mohr sirkel vir die volgende spannings geval. Draw the Mohr circle for the following stress case. ©) b) Toon die oorsprong van viakke, hoofspannings sowel as die hoofspanningsviakke. Indicate the origin of planes, principle stresses as well as the principle stress planes for the following stress case. © ©) Toon die werklike oriéntasie van viak B. Show the true orientation of plane 8 (8) a) | This plane not at ope this orientation a cara | a 40) | Ge AT ‘30kPafie stresses are 90kPa normal stress and 30kPa shear stress. On the other plane the normal stress is also 90kPa but the shear stress is -30kPa. Draw the Mohr circle. (10) ( IS - Go co 20