8Discussion:

The goal of this experiment was to calculate the thermal conductivity k

(proportionality constant) of brass for linear and radial heat conduction. To achieve
this object a graph between heat transfer rate and temperature gradient will be was
plotted. The slope of this graph would be divided by the cross-sectional area in the
case of linear conduction, and by surface area in the case of radial conduction.
Comparing the values for thermal conductivity for both linear and radial conduction,
it is noticed that (k) is much higher for the radial conductionlinear, since the value of
K for the linear conduction calculated to be 73.95W/(m.℃) while for the radial
conduction was k= .93.06 W/(m.℃). The reason behind this that temperature is
considered one of the factors that affect thermal conductivity value. Whenever
temperature difference increase, thermal conductivity increase. The heat transfer
process in solids is mostly driven by the movement of free electrons, with just a minor
contribution coming from the lattice vibration mechanism [1]. [1]. figure (4) shows a
graph between heat transfer (Q) and temperature gradient in the case of linear
conduction; the curve was discovered to be linear with a positive slope. The thermal
conductivity coefficient, kc, was then calculated using the slopes created by the
graphs, and it was discovered to be () W m °C for linear conduction.conduction. In
figure (5) the relationship between heat transfer and different temperatures at radial
heat transfer is shown. The Kc was calculated by the slopes in the chart and the value
❑
of radial Conduction is 93.06 ❑ In addition, figure 2 and figure 3 illustrated the
directly proportional relation between heat transfer and temperature gradient force.
Thus, Fourier’s law of conduction is verified [2]. However, in figure 2 it might be
clear that the graph is not linear and there is some inconsistent values. This refers to
insufficient time to reach the steady state while conducting the experiment. A
theoretical value of thermal conductivity was obtained to be 109 W/(m.℃), and the
reason of obtaining theoretical value is to calculate the error. The percentage of error
for both k values were obtained to be 32.16% and 14.62% for linear and radial
conduction respectively. The slightly high percent of error could be referred to the
different in temperatures. To clarify, the k is a function of temperature, its value
would vary with different temperatures. The experiment conducted in different
temperature while the theoretical value was taken at 27℃.
References:

[1]: Holman, J.P. (2009) Heat Transfer. 10th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

http://k204.ru/books/English/handbook%20of%20HeatTransfer.pdf

[1] Holman, J.P. (2009) Heat Transfer. 10th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.

http://k204.ru/books/English/handbook%20of%20HeatTransfer.pdf

[2] Li, H. L., & Cao, B. Y. (2019). Radial ballistic-diffusive heat conduction in

nanoscale. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 23(1), 10-24.