City of San Fernando 2500 La Union

Hospitality Management and Tourism Management Department

Laboratory Manual

Cordillera Administrative Region- CAR

“FIND YOURSELF IN THE CORDILLERAS”
Provinces:

CAR:
1. Abra
2. Apayao
3. Benguet
4. Ifugao
5. Kalinga
6. Mountain Province,

Cordillera Administrative Region:

Cordillera Administrative Region is bordered on the East by the Cagayan Valley, and West by the Ilocos
Region. It is officially designated as CAR, is an administrative region in the Philippines occupying the
northern-central section of Luzon. It covers 6 provinces, namely:

 Abra
 Apayao
 Benguet
 Ifugao
 Kalinga
 Mountain Province

as well as 1 highly urbanized city. The regional center is the City of Baguio.

Cordillera Administrative Region has 6 provinces, 75 municipalities, and 2 cities (Baguio City and Tabuk
City) 1 of which is a highly urbanized city administered independently from any province. The total
number of barangays in the region is 1,178.
 1. Abra (The Philippines’ Natural Dye Capital)

Abra is a province in Northern Luzon on the western side of the massive Cordillera mountain range. Its
capital is the municipality of Bangued. The deep valleys and sloping hills are surrounded by rugged
mountains, except in the west, where the Abra River flows into the Ilocos Sur coastal plains. Ilocos Norte
and Apayao are to the north, Mountain Province is to the south, Ilocos Sur is to the southwest, and
Kalinga is to the east.

Tourist spots:

Dolores Sinimbaan Picnic Grove

Kaparkan Falls of Tineg- It is relatively new tourist attraction whereas the limestone terraces
are deserted. The falls in Abra come to life during the rainy season, which lasts from August to
September.
Apao Rolling Hills- A panoramic view of the wave-like hills, with no large tree but only plain
brown and green grasses. The sea of clouds can also be seen in the early morning.
Kili Falls of Tubo- A hot spring hidden behind the main cascade flows into an icy- cold river.
St. Catharine of Alexandria Church, Tayum- Tayum Church is a 19th- century Baroque
church in the town of Tayum, Abra. The National Museum of the Philippines designated the
church as a National Cultural Treasure in 2001.
Dadamoen View Deck

Local Food and Delicacies:

Abuos or ant eggs, eaten with a bowl of steaming rice.

Abal-abal (Ilokano) or June Beetle. It’s what we call Salagubang in Tagalog.
Alileng
Nakamatisan nga bunolan
Pinakbet nga nasagpawan ti chicharron
Dried lentils nga naidengdeng nga nasagpawan ti dried palilen
Lechon stuffed with karimbuaya
Kampa
Cascaron
Cassava cake
Rice-based delicacies (Bibingka, Sapin-sapin, Suman, Patupat)

Local Products:

Bamboo and woods crafts

Rice
Corn
Root crop
Coffee
Tobacco
Coconut
Festivals:

Kawayan Festival
Rice Festival
Dapil Festival
Salong Festival
Lang-ay Festival
Tobacco Festival

2. Apayao

Apayao is a province in the Philippines situated in the Cordillera Administrative Region occupying the
northern-central section of Luzon and it is surrounded by Cagayan Valley, Abra, Ilocos Norte & Kalinga.
Its capital is the Municipality of Kabugao. It is located deep in the Cordillera mountains of Northern
Luzon. These mountain range form a natural boundary between the Ilocos Region in the west and the
Cagayan Valley in the east. The Apayao river rises from its extensive watershed along its western slope
and peaks.

Tourist Spots:

Dupag Rock Formation- Dupag Rock Formation in Luna is the most coveted attraction in the
Province. This cluster of razor-like limestone rocks puncture the panoramic Marag Valley.
Lussuk Cave and Underground River- Lussuk or hole in Ilocano used to be a hideout of the
Japanese in World War II. It is also called Crystal Cave because of its sparkling mineral deposits.
Manacota Cave and Underground River- This subterranean river runs about 700 meters
illuminated by streaks of sunlight peeking through rock crevices & thick foliage.
Emilia Church Ruins- The old church ruins of Emilia in Pudtol is a reminder of the short-lived
Spanish conquest of Apayao. The Dominicans built it in 1684 but was abandoned in 1815 due to
attacks of the local Isneg.
Mt. Kilang- The Cordilleras is famous for chasing sea of clouds. And yes, Apayao is no
exception with Mt. Kilang as its entry. But if you can’t scale its 1,656 elevation, don’t fret. Just
drive up to Solsona-Apayao Road in Calanasan & soak in all the cloudy drama.

Local Food and Delicacies:

Pinikpikan: Traditional Chicken Dish

Kiniing: Smoked Meat Delight
Tupig: Sweet Sticky Rice Cake
Inabraw: Signature Vegetable Stew
Balatong: Apayao’s Bean Delicacy
Dinakdakan: Spicy Grilled Pork Salad
Pancit Miki: Noodle Dish with a Twist
Kilawin: Fresh Seafood Ceviche
Kiniwar: Tasty Rice Cake Wrapped in Banana Leaves
Budbod Kabug: Unique Rice Cake Dessert

Local Products:

Palay
Cassava
 Corn
Coffee
root crops
vegetables
Lanzones
Citrus
Bananas
Pineapples
Durian
Santol
Rambutan
Coconut
Mangosteen

Festivals:

Say-am Festival
Calanasan Annual Town Fiesta
Pudtol Town Fiesta, Pudtol
Conner
Fruit Harvest Festival
Balangkoy Festival

3. Benguet (Salad Bowl of the Philippine)

Benguet is a province located in the Cordillera Administrative Region of the Philippines. Known as the
"Salad Bowl of the Philippines," it is famous for its picturesque landscapes, cool climate, and agricultural
products.

Tourist Spots:

Mount Pulag- Known as the third-highest mountain in the Philippines, Mount Pulag is a popular
destination for hikers and nature enthusiasts. It offers breathtaking views, especially during
sunrise when the sea of clouds blankets the surrounding peaks.
Strawberry Farm in La Trinidad- Benguet is famous for its strawberry farms, particularly in
La Trinidad. Visitors can pick fresh strawberries and enjoy other activities such as horseback
riding and purchasing strawberry-based products.
BenCab Museum- Situated in Tuba, near Baguio City, the BenCab Museum showcases the
works of renowned Philippine National Artist Benedicto Cabrera. It features a collection of
contemporary and indigenous art, with a stunning view of the surrounding mountains.

Local Food and Delicacies:

Strawberries- Fresh strawberries, jams, and preserves are popular local delicacies. The
strawberry taho (silken tofu with strawberry syrup) is a must-try street food.
Baguio Vegetable Sala- Benguet offers an array of fresh vegetables. The Baguio vegetable salad
 typically includes lettuce, carrots, cucumber, radish, and tomatoes, topped with a tangy vinaigrette
dressing.
Pinikpikan- This traditional Cordilleran dish is made from chicken that is beaten with a stick
before cooking, giving it a unique texture. It is usually served with vegetables and a savory broth.
Pinuneg
Kiniing and Etag
Kiniwar

Local Products:

Handwoven Textiles- The fabrics are often used to make clothing, bags, and other handicrafts.
Highland Coffee- Benguet is known for its high-quality Arabica coffee beans. The cool climate
and elevation contribute to the unique flavor profile of Benguet coffee.
Woven Baskets and Souvenirs- The province produces a wide range of woven baskets and crafts
made from rattan, bamboo, and other natural materials

Festivals:

Panagbenga Festival- The Flower Festival

Strawberry Festival
Adivay Festival
Bendian Festival
Mangan Taku Food Festival

4. Ifugao (Land of the Eighth World Wonder)

Ifugao is a province located in the mountainous region of northern Luzon in the Philippines. It is located
at the foot of the Cordillera Mountain Ranges. Its capital is Lagawe. The Rice Terraces of the Philippine
Cordilleras and Banaue Rice Terraces are the main tourist attractions in the province. The province is
characterized by its rugged terrain, deep valleys, and steep mountainsides It is known for its stunning
landscapes, ancient rice terraces, rich cultural heritage, and the indigenous Ifugao people who call it home.

Tourist Spots:

Banaue Rice Terrace- The Banaue Rice Terraces are the most famous and iconic tourist
attraction in Ifugao. These terraces are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and are often referred to
as the "Eighth Wonder of the World." They offer breathtaking views and an opportunity to learn
about the ancient farming practices of the Ifugao people.
Batad Rice Terraces- Located in the municipality of Banaue, the Batad Rice Terraces are
another spectacular destination. These terraces are shaped like an amphitheater and are known for
their stunning beauty. The Batad Rice Terraces are also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Hapao Rice Terraces- Situated in Hungduan, the Hapao Rice Terraces feature unique stone-
walled terraces that are a testament to the Ifugao's ingenuity. The terraces are often adorned with
vibrant flowers, making them a picturesque sight.
Tappiya Falls- Tappiya Falls, located in Batad, is a majestic waterfall surrounded by lush
 greenery. It is a popular spot for hiking and swimming, offering a refreshing escape amidst nature.
Museum of Cordillera Sculpture- Located in Kiangan, this museum showcases the rich cultural
heritage of the Cordillera region, including Ifugao artifacts, traditional costumes, and intricate
woodcarvings.
Mayoyao Rice Terraces- The Mayoyao Rice Terraces are another remarkable sight in Ifugao.
They feature stone-walled terraces and have a distinct charm.

Local Food and Delicacies:

Tinawon Rice- Tinawon rice is a traditional variety of heirloom rice grown in Ifugao. It has a
distinct flavor and is often used in local dishes such as rice cakes, rice wine, and porridge.
Pinuneg- Pinuneg is a traditional Ifugao dish made from pork blood and innards, mixed with
herbs and spices. It is often served with rice and is considered a delicacy.
Etik- Etik is a fermented rice wine produced by the Ifugao people. It is made from glutinous rice
and is an important part of their rituals and celebrations.
Pinikpikan- Pinikpikan is a traditional Ifugao dish made from chicken that is beaten with a stick
to enhance its taste and texture. It is then cooked in a flavorful broth with vegetables.
Inleges- Inleges is a delicacy made from glutinous rice wrapped in banana leaves and cooked
until it becomes sticky and fragrant. It is often enjoyed as a dessert or snack

Local Products:

Handwoven Textiles- Ifugao is renowned for its handwoven textiles, which are created using
traditional weaving techniques. The textiles often feature intricate patterns and vibrant colors,
showcasing the craftsmanship and creativity of the Ifugao weavers.
Baskets- Ifugao craftsmen are skilled in basketry, creating baskets of different shapes and sizes.
These baskets are made from natural materials such as rattan, bamboo, and wood. They are not
only functional but also feature decorative designs, making them popular for both practical use
and as souvenirs.
Woodcarvings- The Ifugao people are known for their woodcarving skills. They create intricate
wooden sculptures, statues, utensils, and traditional musical instruments. These woodcarvings
often depict figures from Ifugao folklore, ancestral spirits, or scenes from daily life.

Pottery- Ifugao has a tradition of pottery-making, producing earthenware vessels used for
cooking and storing food. The pottery is created by hand, using traditional methods passed down
through generations. The finished products display unique designs and are known for their
durability.
Beaded Jewelry- Ifugao artisans create beautiful beaded jewelry, incorporating traditional
patterns and symbols. These jewelry pieces are crafted using a combination of natural materials,
such as seeds, shells, and gemstones, with intricate beadwork techniques.
Traditional Weapons- Ifugao is also known for its production of traditional weapons, such as
spears, shields, and hunting knives. These weapons are often adorned with carvings and
decorative elements, showcasing the skill and artistry of the Ifugao craftsmen.
Handcrafted Souvenirs- Ifugao produces a range of handcrafted souvenirs that visitors can take
home as mementos. These include keychains, miniature replicas of rice terraces, figurines, and
other decorative items that reflect the cultural heritage and artistic traditions of Ifugao.

Festivals:
 The Imbayah Festival- held every four years, showcases Ifugao culture through music, dances,
traditional games, and pageantry.
Gotad Ad Kiyangan

5. Kalinga (White Water Rafting Capital of the North)

Kalinga is a landlocked province in the northernmost section of the Cordillera Region. Its capital is Tabuk
and It is bounded by the provinces of Cagayan and Apayao in the north, Mt. Province in the south, and
Abra in the West. Among the multifarious sub-tribes that exist in the area, the Kalinga people are its most
prominent: an indigenous collective of traditional rice farmers and craftsmen which, throughout its vast
history, has successfully avoided colonisation.

Tourist Spots:

Binalasan Falls- is one of the rustic tourist spots in Kalinga province. Its waters emanate from the
dense mossy forests of Mt. Binuluan. It cascades for more than 30 meters on a very deep pool.
Swimming in the pool can be quite dangerous due to its strong and churning current. Summer
then would be the best time to visit. Verdant vegetation of shrubs, mosses, and grasses surround
its base.
The surreal Sulfur Hills- lie on the lower slopes of Mt. Binuluan. To get here, you need to trek
on hunter’s trails for hours. You will be passing across pine and mossy forests. Expect the thrills
and challenges frequently encountered when on forested terrains. But the bizarre sight of these
sulfur hills would definitely make up the difficulty in getting here.
Mount Binuluan- towers over the municipalities of Tinglayan, Pasil, and Lubuagan. It stands
prominently for more than 2,329 MASL. Beautiful and dense mossy forests cover its upper
slopes. Mt. Binuluan also hosts diverse flora and fauna species such as deer and wild pigs. To
date, Mt. Binuluan is one of the least known tourist spots in Kalinga.

Local Food and Delicacies:

Sinursur- is a native course cooked in a young bamboo shoot. In the duration of its cooking, it is
smashed with a stick to crush the contents until it is entirely squashed.
Zinagan- a version of Dinuguan intestines and other pork innards that are fried until the whole
thing becomes crispy enough just like chicharon before being sauteed with garlic, onions, ginger
and pork blood; better served with sinursur, pinaltit, and sagket"
Binungor- a stir-fried black snails, tengang daga, bamboo shoots, and bird chili
Red rice- from Kalinga and Ifugao is a staple as a plain cooked rice served with dried legumes,
mungo beans and wild-gathered river greens. In Kalinga, the red rice is synonymous with the
municipalities of Lubuagan and Pasil, in the valley of the Pasil River.

Local Products:

Robusta- is a harvested ripe coffee cherry, hand-picked, and fully sorted by the partners and
members of JAC Farms from Tanudan, Nambucayan, Lubuagan, and Dupag, Kalinga Province.
Robusta is giving off a mild aroma alongside its “earthy” flavor. This type of bean is known to
 have a little more caffeine compared to others. It makes for great cappuccinos or espressos, but
we recommend taking it black to get the full flavor!
Kalinga traditional garment- include the ka-in wraparound skirt for women and the be-e g-
string for men. There are different design variants of each, such as the pilakpak, ilaglis, silugwid,
and gilamat for the skirt and kilayao, sillayuti, and pilagpagen for the g-strings. These garments
are worn during rituals, festivals, weddings, and other special occasions.
Coffee Greens
Rattan Fruit
Robusta
Civet
Arabica beans

Festivals:

Ollalion Festival- is the festival thats celebrates the Kalinga culture through its sports, crafts, and
indigenous food.
Bodong Festival- is a cultural festival and founding anniversary held in the province of Kalinga,
Philippines every February 14th. It is a week-long celebration, although there are years when
activities start at the first day of February such as in 2020 or even month-long like in 2017.
Ulalim Festival- marked the commemoration of the founding of the province. Its name comes
from the word ulalim, which refers to epic songs that are narratives of adventures and triumphs of
fictional heroes. They are chanted by skilled orators during gatherings and events. Retelling of the
heroic exploits and adventures from these stories could take up to days. The first of Ullalim
Festival was held in June 1995. It coincided with the conferment of then-president Fidel V.
Ramos with Pangat, a royal title in the culture of Kalinga people.

6. Mountain Province (Weaver’s Paradise)

Mountain Province is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in
Luzon. Its capital is Bontoc. Mountain Province was formerly referred to as Mountain in some foreign
references. The name is usually shortened by locals to Mt. Province. The province was named so for being
in the Cordillera Central mountain range found in the upper realms of Luzon island. Mountain Province is
most known for its hanging coffins where mummified remains of the local ancestors are found.

Tourist Spots:

Mt. Amuyao- Mt. Amuyao in Barlig rises to more than 2, 702-2,862 MASL, making it one of the
highest peaks in the Philippines. Thick mossy and pine forests cover the mountain slopes,
providing a haven for endemic and endangered species such as deer, wild pigs, cloud rats, and
civet cats.
Mt. Binaratan- Mabarotbot Boiling Mud- These are pools of bubbling mud found in barangay
Bantay in Paracelis. According to legends, the pools are the remnants of a sunken village.
Fowa-as Falls- Considered as the highest in Sadanga, Fowa-as falls cascades on a very wide and
deep pool for more than 75 meters. The falls is named after a local farmer named Fuwaas.
Maligcong Rice Terraces- Sea of clouds envelops Maligcong Rice Terraces.
Mt. Kalawitan- Mt Kalawitan rises to more than 2, 714 MASL. It is also one of the highest peaks
 in the Philippines.
Paradise Falls- Paradise falls cascades like heavenly-drizzles from the heavens. It is one of the
iconic tourist spots in Bauko, Mountain Province.
Mt. Mog-ao- Mt. Mog-ao stands majestically amidst the rolling plains, making it one of the
popular tourist spots in Tadian, Mountain Province. It is a visible landmark in almost every
barangay. While on top, one can glimpse of the breathtaking views of Sunny Side, adjacent
Bauko, and the municipalities of Quirino and Cervantes in Ilocos Sur province.
Siblaw Taraw Lake
Humuyyo Falls- Humuyyo falls is considered as the tallest waterfall in Bontoc, measuring more
than 40 meters high. Its icy-cold waters come from the mossy forests upstream
Angoten Cave
Mainit Hot Spring- These steamy hot springs are a popular getaway of the locals and even a
growing number of tourists. Their sulfuric waters provide the therapeutic healing effect to those
who dip on them.
Natonin Rice Terraces- Natonin hosts the longest and most extensive rice terraces in the country.
Among its locally-known terraces are those found in Apatan.

Local Food and Delicacies:

ag - salt-cured pork
Heirloom rice biko - made of mountain violet sticky rice called ominio
Safeng - cassava sauerkraut
Tapey - Philippine rice wine
Tsu-om, Du-om - pinipig version using hand-picked young rice
Cinafa'y fanias - "roast monitor lizard using leaves found only in Cordillera"
Cinafa'y feclat - "roast snake using leaves found only in Cordillera"
Kinidlo'y makan, Kinidlo (Bontoc), Kinal-oy, Kinaley (Kankana-ey) - rice with a touch of
sweet potato

Local Products:

Woven products
Wood craft
Rice / Heirloom Rice Production
Coffee Production

Festivals:

Lang-ay Festival
Etag Festival
Am- among Festival
Ayyoweng festival
THC 4