Professional Documents
Culture Documents
December 2001
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1885
1886
1888
1889
Organization
Harlow Bundy incorporates the Bundy Manufacturing Company as the first time recording
company in the world. It produces a time clock invented by his brother Willard L., a jeweler in
Auburn, N.Y. (The Bundy Manufacturing Company will be consolidated into one of IBM’s
forerunners in 1902.)
1890
1891
Organization
Edward Canby and Orange O. Ozias of Dayton, Ohio, purchase Julius Pitrap’s patents and
incorporate The Computing Scale Company as the world’s first computing scale company. (It
will become one of the principal components of the future IBM.)
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1892
1893
Organization
Dey Patents Company, which manufactures the very first dial time recorder, is formed. It later is
renamed Dey Time Register Company.
1894
Organization
J. L. Willard and F. A. Frick of Rochester, N.Y., form the Willard and Frick Manufacturing
Company as the first card time recorder company in the world. The company contracts with
William Gardam & Son of New York, N.Y., to manufacture and ship card time recorders to
Rochester, where they are assembled in cases and tested before final shipment under the trade
name of “Rochester.” (Willard and Frick later will become part of the International Time
Recording Co., a major element of the future IBM.)
1895
1896
Organization
Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine Company is organized in Washington, D.C., as the
world’s first electric tabulating and accounting machine company.
The Detroit Automatic Scale Company is organized to manufacture an automatic scale. (The
company will become part of the Computing Scale Company in 1901.)
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1897
Organization
Computing Scale Company organizes the Computing Scale Company of Canada, Limited, as its
distributing agency in Canada.
1899
Organization
The Moneyweight Scale Company is organized as the selling organization of the Computing
Scale Company in the United States and Canada (the name is later changed to the Dayton
Moneyweight Scale Company).
1900
Organization
George W. Fairchild forms the International Time Recording Company as the selling agency of
the Bundy Manufacturing Company, Willard and Frick Manufacturing Company, and Standard
Time Stamp Company, which also manufactures a card recorder.
1901
Organization
The Computing Scale Company of America is incorporated. It includes Computing Scale
Company, Dayton Moneyweight Scale Company and Detroit Automatic Scale Company.
International Time Recording Company acquires Chicago Time-Register Co., the first autograph
time recorder company in the world, and a manufacturer of key, card and autograph employee
time recorders.
1902
Organization
The International Time Recording Company is incorporated in New York as a consolidation of
Bundy Manufacturing Company of Binghamton, N.Y.; Willard and Frick Manufacturing
Company of Rochester, N.Y.; and Chicago Time Register Company of Chicago.
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1903
1905
Organization
The Tabulating Machine Company is incorporated in New Jersey. In addition to owning and
controlling the Hollerith Tabulating patents and system, the Tabulating Machine Company is
majority owner of the Auditing Machine Company, which it now operates as a division.
1906
Facilities
International Time Recording Company, which has outgrown its second Binghamton factory,
builds a modern, reinforced-concrete plant in Endicott, N.Y., on the site of the present IBM plant.
1907
Organization
International Time Recording Company acquires Dey Time Register Company (formerly Dey
Patents Co., organized in 1883), which makes dial, card and job time recorders.
Facilities
All International Time Recording Company operations are transferred to Endicott, N.Y.
1908
Organization
Syracuse Time Recording Company, a manufacturer of dial recorders, is acquired by
International Time Recording Company.
1910
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1911
Organization
Charles R. Flint arranges the merger of the International Time Recording Company, Computing
Scale Company, and the Tabulating Machine Company to form the
Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (C-T-R). George Fairchild becomes chairman of the
board of directors. (C-T-R will be renamed International Business Machines Corporation in
1924.)
1914
Business Performance
Gross income from sales, service and rentals in the United States is $4 million. One hundred
shares of C-T-R stock are worth less than $3,000. The company has 770 stockholders and 1,346
employees at year-end.
Organization
Thomas J. Watson, Sr., joins the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. (C-T-R) as general
manager.
Facilities
C-T-R’s Endicott, N. Y., plant produces time-recording equipment; the Dayton, Ohio, plant
makes scales; and the Washington, D.C. facility makes keypunch cards.
Corporate Citizenship
The company hires its first disabled employee, 59 years before the passage of the Rehabilitation
Act of 1973 and 76 years before the Americans with Disabilities Act.
1915
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $4 million and net earnings are $1 million. There are 1,672 employees.
Organization
T. J. Watson, Sr., is elected president and general manager of Computing-Tabulating-Recording
Company. The first sales convention is held, a forerunner of the Hundred Percent Club
conventions. The sales force is reorganized and strengthened.
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1916
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $6 million and net earnings are $1 million. There are 2,529 employees.
1917
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $8 million and net earnings are $1 million. There are 3,063 employees.
Organization
The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company enters the Canadian market under name of
International Business Machines Co., Limited. Computing Scale Company of Canada, Limited, is
absorbed into International Business Machines Company, Ltd.
American Automatic Scale Co. of Chicago, a manufacturer of heavy capacity scales, is acquired.
Its name is changed to International Scale Company, and it is absorbed by the Computing Scale
Company.
1918
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $9 million and net earnings are $1 million. There are 3,127 employees.
1919
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $11 million and net earnings double to $2 million. There are 3,139
employees.
Organization
The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company enters the European market.
1920
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $14 million and net earnings are $2 million. There are 2,731 employees.
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1921
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $9 million and net earnings are $1 million. There are 3,001 employees.
Organization
Computing Scale Company of America — a subsidiary of C-T-R — is renamed Dayton Scale
Company.
The Tabulating Machine Company acquires the patents and equipment of the Pierce Accounting
Machine Company, manufacturers of alphabetic accounting machines (which is absorbed), and
of the Ticketograph Company of Chicago, makers of job ticket printing machines (which is
operated as a division of The Tabulating Machine Company).
1922
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $9 million and net earnings are $1 million. There are 3,043 employees.
1923
Business Performance
C-T-R gross income is $11 million and net earnings are $2 million. There are 3,161 employees.
Organization
International Business Machines Corporation of Delaware is organized to manage business in
Latin America.
Facilities
Sales offices open in other Latin American countries and in the Far East.
1924
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $11 million and net earnings are $2 million. There are 3,384 employees.
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Organization
The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. is renamed International Business Machines
Corporation (IBM).
The Quarter Century Club — which recognizes employees with 25 years of service — is
organized.
Facilities
The Sindelfingen, Germany, plant is completed.
1925
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $13 million and net earnings are $3 million. There are 3,698 employees.
The company pays its first stock dividend to shareholders, at rate of 20 percent.
Organization
The first One Hundred Percent Club Convention is held in New York and Atlantic City, N.J.
Facilities
IBM opens an office in the Philippines.
1926
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $14 million and net earnings are $4 million. IBM stock splits three-for-one.
There are 3,953 employees.
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Facilities
The first Consolidated Customer Service School is established.
1927
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $14 million and net earnings are $4 million. There are 4,866 employees.
1928
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $15 million and net earnings reach $5 million for the first time. A five
percent stock dividend is declared. There are 5,102 employees.
Organization
The Customer Engineering training course starts, and a Suggestion Program for employees is
established.
1929
Business Performance
The stock market crashes but IBM declares a five percent stock dividend. Gross income passes
the $18 million mark and net earnings grow to $7 million. There are 5,999 employees.
Facilities
The Hammersmith (London), England, plant is completed.
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1930
Business Performance
Despite the Great Depression, IBM increases its employment, trains more salesmen, and
increases engineering efforts. The company declares a five percent stock dividend. IBM gross
income is $19 million and net earnings are $7 million. There are 6,346 employees.
Organization
Automatic Accounting Scale Company, makers of automatic counting scales, is acquired. The
International Scale Company is organized as a subsidiary of IBM, and takes over the now
complete line of industrial scales.
1931
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $19 million and net earnings are $7 million. A five percent stock dividend is
declared. There are 6,331 employees.
1932
Business Performance
IBM gross income declines to $17 million and net earnings fall to $6 million. There are 6,311
employees.
Organization
National Counting Scale Company, makers of counting scales, is acquired.
The Education Department is established to manage IBM’s many educational activities for
employees and customers.
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1933
Business Performance
IBM gross income is $17 million and net earnings are $6 million. There are 8,202 employees.
Organization
IBM is reorganized. The Tabulating Machine Company, International Time Recording Company,
Dayton Scale Company, Ticketograph Company and International Scale Company become IBM
divisions.
Facilities
The IBM Schoolhouse and Engineering Laboratory Building is dedicated at Endicott, N.Y.
1934
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $19 million and net earnings increase to $7 million. A five percent
stock dividend is declared. There are 7,613 employees.
Organization
The Dayton Scale Division is sold to the Hobart Manufacturing Company. IBM abandons
piecework compensation.
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Corporate Citizenship
A group life insurance plan is initiated for employees.
1935
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $21 million and net earnings are $7 million. A two percent stock
dividend is declared. There are 8,654 employees.
Organization
The first issue of Think, an employee and customer magazine, is published. IBM holds its first
training class for women systems service professionals in Endicott, N.Y.
Facilities
A new plant in Milan, Italy, is completed.
Corporate Citizenship
Survivor benefits are added to employee group life insurance.
1936
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $25 million and net earnings increase to $8 million. There are 9,142
employees.
1937
Business Performance
IBM gross income reaches $31 million and net earnings are $8 million. A five percent stock
dividend is declared. There are over 10,000 IBM employees (10,834) for the first time.
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Corporate Citizenship
IBM announces a policy of paying employees for six annual holidays and becomes one of the first
U.S. companies to grant holiday pay. Paid vacations also begin.
1938
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $34 million and net earnings increase to $9 million. A five percent
stock dividend is declared. There are 11,046 employees.
Facilities
IBM World Headquarters Building, located at 590 Madison Avenue in New York, N.Y., is
dedicated.
1939
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $38 million and net earnings are $9 million. A five percent stock
dividend is declared. There are 11,315 employees.
IBM Day (May 4) is held at the New York World’s Fair Gallery of Science & Art and at the
Golden Gate Exposition (May 14).
1940
Business Performance
IBM gross income reaches $45 million and net earnings are $9 million. The company declares a
five percent stock dividend There are 12,656 employees.
1941
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows by one-third to $60 million and net earnings increase to $10 million.
IBM sets a nominal one percent profit on war products and pays a stock dividend of five percent.
There are 14,207 employees.
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Organization
The Munitions Manufacturing Corporation is incorporated.
International Day at the Canadian National Exhibition is dedicated to IBM Company, Ltd.
1942
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $86 million and net earnings decline to $8 million. IBM pays a stock
dividend of five percent. There are 18,754 employees.
Organization
The Ticketograph Division is acquired by National Postal Meter Company.
The first radiotype school is established.
Facilities
IBM builds plant at Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and expands the Endicott, N.Y., plant. Both plants win
Army-Navy “E” awards. The Munitions Manufacturing Corporation Inc. becomes IBM Plant
Number 4.
1943
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $131 million and net earnings increase to $9 million. IBM pays a
stock dividend of five percent. There are 21,251 employees.
Facilities
The use of safety glasses and safety shoes is adopted in IBM manufacturing departments.
1944
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $140 million and net earnings increase to $10 million. IBM pays a
stock dividend of five percent. There are 21,126 employees.
Organization
Development and manufacture of electric typewriters is moved from Rochester to Poughkeepsie,
N.Y.
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Corporate Citizenship
IBM becomes the first company to support the United Negro College Fund. The IBM Health and
Accident Benefit Plan is announced.
1945
Business Performance
IBM gross income declines to $138 million and net earnings increase to $11 million. IBM pays a
stock dividend of five percent. There are 18,257 employees.
1946
Business Performance
IBM gross income declines to $116 million and net earnings grow to $19 million. The stock splits
five-for-four. There are 22,292 employees.
Organization
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., is elected to the Board of Directors.
Corporate Citizenship
A Hospitalization Plan for employees is implemented. IBM manufactures pocket-sized Braille
writing devices. Family Dinners are initiated to give recognition to employees and spouses. The
company hires its first black salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
1947
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $139 million and net earnings increase to $24 million. There are
22,591 employees.
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Corporate Citizenship
IBM announces a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees. A vested rights
pension is added to the IBM retirement plan.
1948
Business Performance
Gross income reaches $156.4 million and net earnings increase to $28 million. The stock splits
seven-for-four. There are 24,940 employees.
1949
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $183 million and net earnings grow to $33 million. The company
declares a five percent stock dividend. There are 27,236 employees.
Organization
Thomas J. Watson, Sr., is elected IBM Chairman of the Board.
1950
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $266 million and net earnings grow to $37 million. The company
declares a five percent stock dividend. There are 30,261 employees.
Organization
IBM Israel begins operating in Tel Aviv.
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Facilities
With the beginning of the Korean War, IBM places its U.S. facilities at the government’s
disposal.
1951
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $335 million and net earnings decline to $32 million. The
company declares a five percent stock dividend. There are 35,124 employees.
Organization
IBM United Kingdom is formed.
1952
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $412 million and net earnings grow to $34 million. The company
declares a five percent stock dividend. There are 41,458 employees.
Organization
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., becomes IBM President.
1953
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $497 million and net earnings grow to $39 million. The company
declares a five percent stock dividend. There are 46,170 employees.
Corporate Citizenship
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., publishes the company’s first written equal opportunity policy letter —
one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years
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before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Suggestion Plan’s top award is increased from $2,500 to
$5,000.
1954
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $570 million and net earnings grow to $59 million. The company
declares a 2 ½ percent stock dividend and the stock splits five-for-four. There are 50,225
employees.
Facilities
A new plant is completed at Greencastle, Ind., and the plants at Endicott and Poughkeepsie are
expanded.
1955
Business Performance
IBM gross income climbs to $696 million and net earnings grow to $73 million. There are 56,297
employees.
Organization
The Electric Typewriter and Military Products units become autonomous divisions.
1956
Business Performance
IBM gross income climbs to $892 million and net earnings grow to $87 million. Stock splits
five-for-four, and a 2½ percent stock dividend is declared. There are 72,504 employees.
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Organization
Thomas J. Watson, Sr., dies at 82. Thomas J. Watson, Jr., becomes the chief executive officer of
IBM.
IBM reorganizes into six autonomous divisions and the subsidiary World Trade Corporation.
Corporate Staff is formed to advise and assist the divisions in specialized areas. The Data
Processing, Special Engineering Products and Time Equipment Divisions are established.
Facilities
Construction of the Kingston, N.Y., plant is completed.
Corporate Citizenship
The company announces a Family Major Medical Plan for employees.
1957
Business Performance
IBM gross income tops billion dollar level, to $1.20 billion, and net earnings exceed the $100
million level for the first time, reaching $110 million. IBM makes a public offering of 1,050,233
shares of additional stock to help finance continued growth. The stock splits two-for-one. There
are 83,588 employees.
Organization
The Service Bureau Corporation is formed as wholly-owned but independently-operated
subsidiary.
Facilities
Facilities at Burlington, Vt.; Owego, N.Y.; San Jose, Calif.; and Sherman, Texas, are completed.
The Data Processing Division moves its headquarters to White Plains, N.Y.
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Corporate Citizenship
The Thomas J. Watson Memorial Scholarship program is established.
1958
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $1.41 billion and net earnings increase to $152 million. A 2 ½
percent stock dividend is declared. There are 86,736 employees.
Organization
IBM sells the Time Equipment Division to Simplex Time Recorder Co.
The Electric Typewriter Division produces its one millionth typewriter and celebrates its 25th
anniversary.
Facilities
Plants are completed at Rochester, Minn.; Dayton, N.J.; and Lexington, Ky.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM places all its hourly workers on salary. The company introduces a Stock Purchase Plan,
allowing employees to buy IBM stock at 85 percent of market price.
1959
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $1.61 billion and net earnings increase to $176 million. A 2 ½
percent stock dividend is declared. There are 108,883 stockholders and 94,912 employees.
Organization
IBM reorganizes the Data Processing Division into the Data Systems and General Products
Divisions to handle development and manufacturing, and the Data Processing Division to handle
marketing and service. The Military Products Division is renamed Federal Systems Division, and
an Advanced Systems Development Division is organized to explore new markets.
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Facilities
A new card plant opens in Concord, Mass. The World Trade Corporation opens a new Belgium
headquarters and dedicates a European Education center at Blaricum, Holland.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM introduces SPEAK UP!, a program to encourage communications between employees and
management.
1960
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $1.81 billion and net earnings increase to $205 million. There are
more than 100,000 IBM employees (104,241) for the first time.
The 305 RAMAC scores the Winter Olympic games in California, tallies votes at both U.S.
political conventions, and processes presidential election returns.
Facilities
Construction begins on a materials distribution center in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and on an addition
to the Endicott product development laboratory. The Supplies Division completes the Campbell,
Calif., card plant and opens a new card design center in Houston, Texas.
The World Trade Corporation completes a manufacturing plant in Argentina, expands its plants
in Scotland and France, and starts construction on new laboratory buildings in France, Holland,
and West Germany.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM begins donations to the National Scholarship Fund for black students.
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1961
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $2.20 billion and net earnings increase to $254 million. Stockholders
vote for a three-for-two split. IBM has 116,276 employees and 195,674 stockholders.
Organization
Thomas J. Watson, Jr., is elected chairman of the board; Albert L. Williams becomes president.
Facilities
The Thomas J. Watson Research Center at Yorktown Heights, N.Y., opens, and IBM holds its
annual meeting there.
IBM announces a plan to move its corporate headquarters from the 590 Madison Avenue
building in New York City to the suburbs. After a trial period at Yorktown Heights, the company
selects Armonk, N.Y., for the new corporate headquarters site.
The General Products Division and Data Systems Division move to new headquarters near White
Plains, N.Y.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM’s nondiscrimination policy is expanded to include sex, national origin, and age.
1962
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $2.59 billion and net earnings grow to $305 million. There are
127,468 employees.
Drawing on established IBM policies, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., codifies three IBM basic beliefs:
respect for the individual, customer service, and excellence.
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The last IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Calculator is manufactured. (Nearly 2,000 IBM 650s are sold
in the 1953-1962 period, making the 650 the most popular computer of the 1950s.)
IBM scientists succeed in operating a semiconductor diode laser powered directly by an electric
current rather than an external light source.
An experimental thin film memory that operates at a speed of 100 billionths of a second is
demonstrated.
Using the Telstar satellite, IBM sends computer information back and forth between Endicott,
N.Y. and La Gaude, France.
Facilities
The Supplies Division moves to new headquarters in Dayton, N.J. Development laboratories are
completed at Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; San Jose, Calif.; and La Gaude, France. Construction starts on
an education center in Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM joins U.S. President John F. Kennedy’s Plan for Progress Program, pledging to continue to
take action to strengthen IBM’s policy of equal job opportunity for all individuals. The company
makes five-year grants to black colleges, and affiliates of the United Negro College Fund receive
faculty fellowships.
1963
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $2.86 billion and net earnings grow to $364 million. IBM has
137,612 employees and 232,250 stockholders.
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Organization
IBM forms three new divisions: Industrial Products; Real Estate and Construction; and Research.
IBM introduces several different kinds of teleprocessing systems, including the 1030 and the
1050 data collection system, and the 7740 communication control unit.
The company names the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes
senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.
Facilities
New facilities are completed in East Fishkill, N.Y.; Lexington Ky.; Rochester, Minn.; and
Bombay, India.
New laboratories are established in Zurich, Switzerland; La Gaude, France; and Vienna, Austria.
The IBM plant in Sindelfingen, West Germany, begins deliveries of 1440 systems.
1964
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $3.23 billion and net earnings increase to $431 million. Stock splits
five-for-four. IBM has 149,834 employees and 266,086 stockholders.
IBM celebrates “50 Years of Progress” with 80,000 IBMers and guests at 231 Family Dinner and
Quarter Century Club gatherings.
Organization
T. Vincent Learson and Arthur K. Watson are named senior vice presidents.
IBM acquires a new subsidiary, Science Research Associates Inc., a Chicago publisher of
education, test and guidance materials.
IBM forms the new Field Engineering Division. The Electric Typewriter Division becomes the
Office Products Division.
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Other new products announced in 1964 include the 1800 data acquisition and control system; a
graphic data processing system permitting computer-stored information to be displayed
graphically on a TV-like screen and changed with a light pen; several teleprocessing units and
systems; and the Magnetic Tape Selectric Typewriter.
The Federal Systems Division is awarded a contract for part of the Saturn launch vehicles, the
largest space contract in IBM’s history to date.
American Airlines’ SABRE system, using IBM computers and linking 1,000 ticket sales desks in
65 U.S. cities, goes into full operation.
IBM computers help speed the processing and transmission of event results at the Winter and
Summer Olympics.
Facilities
IBM moves its corporate headquarters from New York City to Armonk, N.Y.
New plants are completed at Huntsville, Ala., and East Fishkill, N.Y.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM Day at the New York World’s Fair features former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower as
a speaker. Chairman Thomas J. Watson, Jr., receives the Medal of Freedom, the highest civil
honor a U.S. President can bestow.
1965
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $3.57 billion and net earnings increase to $477 million. The World
Trade Corporation’s gross income passes the billion dollar mark. IBM has 172,445 employees
and 275,650 stockholders.
Organization
The Systems Development and Systems Manufacturing Divisions are established.
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Other 1965 product launches include the 1130, a low-cost, desk-size computer; the 2740 and
2741 typewriter communications terminals; the 2321 data cell drive; and the model 224
Executary portable dictating unit.
The IBM 2361, the largest computer memory ever built, is shipped to the NASA Space Center in
Houston.
The IBM Pavilion at the New York World’s Fair closes, having hosted more than 10 million
visitors during its two-year existence.
Facilities
Construction begins on manufacturing and development facilities near Raleigh, N.C., and
Boulder, Colo. IBM completes plant and laboratory additions at the New York sites of Kingston,
Owego, Poughkeepsie and Yorktown Heights.
Corporate Citizenship
The first IBM-sponsored computer centers in European universities open in London,
Copenhagen, and Pisa, Italy.
Science Research Associates Inc. operates the Rodman Job Corps Center as part of the U.S.
“War on Poverty.”
1966
Business Performance
IBM gross income increases to $4.24 billion and net earnings grow to $526 million. The company
makes an offering of 1,324,136 shares of additional stock to help finance continued growth.
Stock splits three-for-two. IBM has 198,186 employees worldwide and 328,427 stockholders.
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Organization
Albert L. Williams retires as IBM president and is named chairman of the executive committee of
the board of directors. T. Vincent Learson replaces him as IBM president. Arthur K. Watson is
elected vice chairman of the board of directors.
The Supplies Division changes its name to the Information Records Division. The Data
Processing Group is organized.
The Service Bureau Corporation begins implementation of a nationwide computer network that
will link 125 System/360s in more than 80 offices. IBM computers process some 19 million
Medicare identification cards for the Social Security Administration.
Facilities
Federal Systems Division personnel move into a new facility near Gaithersburg, Md. The Office
Products Division announces a plant and engineering complex at Austin, Texas.
IBM World Trade dedicates a plant in Vimercate, Italy, and a laboratory at Lidingo, Sweden;
completes a new manufacturing facility in Mainz, West Germany; and announces plans to build a
second manufacturing plant at Havant, England.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM announces a new employee benefit, the Family Surgical Plan, and a new special care
program to assist employees with handicapped children.
1967
Business Performance
IBM gross income rises to $5.34 billion and net earnings increase to $651 million. A 2 ½ percent
stock dividend is paid. IBM has 221,866 employees worldwide and 359,495 stockholders.
Organization
A Management Committee of senior executives is formed to assist the Corporate Office in
management of overall affairs of the corporation.
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Customer support now includes 40 installation centers, 17 field systems centers, four data
acquisition and control centers and six scientific centers.
IBM plays a key role in the successful Saturn V test flight, and builds a trillion-bit photo-digital
storage system for the Atomic Energy Commission.
Facilities
Construction begins on a new Data Processing Division headquarters in White Plains, N.Y.
The World Trade Corporation establishes European Systems Research Institute, and begins mass
production of System/360s in Japan.
1968
Business Performance
IBM gross income climbs to $6.88 billion and net earnings increase to $871 million. World Trade
gross income passes $2 billion. Stock splits two-for-one. IBM employment reaches 241,974 and
there are 501,390 stockholders.
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IBM scientists develop an experimental laser optical memory system. Widely used Solid Logic
Technology modules achieve a reliability rate 1,000 times that of earlier vacuum tubes.
Facilities
IBM establishes a manufacturing plant in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, N.Y. More
than two million square feet of new World Trade facilities and expansions are completed or are
under construction in 10 countries; almost six million square feet are added or are under
construction in the United States.
Corporate Citizenship
IBM establishes its first job training center for the economically disadvantaged. The company
also sponsors a Harlem Street Academy to aid school dropouts.
1969
Business Performance
IBM gross income grows to $7.19 billion and net earnings increase to $934 million. IBM has
258,662 employees and 549,463 stockholders.
Organization
The General Systems Division is formed to develop and manufacture low-cost data processing
equipment and provide related programming systems support.
IBM announces the System/3 for small businesses, the first IBM system to use Monolithic
System Technology (MST) logic circuits and feature a new small punched card; the 2770 Data
Communication System and the 2790 Data Communication System; and the Mag Card
“Selectric” Typewriter.
IBM scientists develop experimental devices using laser beams to store huge amounts of
information, as well as techniques for word recognition, speaker identification and advanced
audio response.
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Facilities
A total of 7.5 million square feet of new construction is completed or in process at IBM sites in
the United States. Meanwhile, the World Trade Corporation adds or is completing 3.6 million
square feet, its biggest construction boom to date.
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