Operation Management Quiz

Anandra Raaditya Putra Graha

215030207111158
K Class – Business Administration

The Quality Management

In order to enable production and service at the most affordable levels that permit complete
customer satisfaction, TQM is "an effective system for integrating the quality development,
quality maintenance, and quality improvement efforts of the various units in an organization”.
Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management strategy and methodology that helps
businesses achieve and sustain high levels of excellence and boost customer satisfaction.
TQM seeks to reduce waste and boost productivity. This is accomplished by ensuring that
every employee participates in the continuous delivery of high-quality services that meet or
exceed expectations.
Quality has been defined as fitness for use, conformance to requirements, and the pursuit of
excellence. Even though the concept of quality has existed from early times, the study and
definition of quality have been given prominence only in the last century.
1. Inspection - screening out defects before they were noticed by customers.
Inspection is the process of measuring, evaluating, and testing a product or
service to evaluate one or more features and comparing these to predetermined
requirements to ascertain conformity. To ensure that the final product or service being
delivered is accurate and up to standards, inspections can be performed on products,
processes, and a variety of other results.
2. Quality Control (1920s) - concept developed a more systematic approach to not only
detecting, but also treating quality problems.
 It became critical to more clearly define and regulate product quality after the
Industrial Revolution and the rise of mass production. Making sure that engineering
specifications were met in finished items was the original aim of quality. Later, as
manufacturing processes became more complex, quality developed into a discipline
for controlling process variation as a means of producing quality products.
As "a component of quality management focused on meeting quality criteria,"
quality control can be defined. Quality assurance is more concerned with how a
process is carried out or how a product is manufactured. "The operational approaches
and actions utilized to fulfill standards for quality" is a different definition.
3. Quality Assurance (1950s) - widened the responsibility for quality to include
functions other than direct operations.
The roles of quality assurance and quality audit were added to the quality
profession. Industries that placed a high priority on public health and safety were the
main forces behind independent quality verification.
The term "component of quality management focusing on giving confidence
that quality requirements will be fulfilled" is quality assurance. Quality assurance
boosts management's confidence both internally and externally, to consumers,
authorities, regulators, certifiers, and other parties. "All the planned and systematic
activities implemented inside the quality system that can be proved to provide
confidence that a product or service will fulfill requirements for quality" is an
alternative definition.
4. Quality Management
In order to sustain a desired degree of excellence, all necessary activities and
tasks must be managed for quality. This includes formulating a quality policy, coming
up with and carrying out quality assurance and planning, as well as quality control
and improvement. Additionally, it is known as complete quality management (TQM).
In general, quality management focuses on long-term goals through the
implementation of short-term initiatives.
Japan has to contend with an unfavorable industrial and economic climate. The majority of its
people were believed to be illiterate, and its goods were reputed to be of poor quality.
Important Japanese companies became aware of these shortcomings and sought to change
them. Companies like Toyota introduced the concept of quality management and quality
control into their production processes by drawing on pioneers in statistical thinking. By the
end of the 1960s, Japan had entirely changed its image and was regarded as one of the
exporters with the most effective systems and most admired goods. Better products that could
be manufactured at a lower cost were generated as a result of effective quality management.

Example
Toyota's use of the Kanban system is arguably the most well-known application of TQM. A
kanban is a physical signal that starts a sequence of events that leads to a particular action.
This concept served as the foundation for Toyota's just-in-time (JIT) inventory system. The
company opted to maintain just enough inventory on hand to fulfill client orders as they were
created in order to improve the efficiency of its manufacturing line.
As a result, each component of the Toyota assembly line is given a physical card with a
corresponding inventory number. The card is taken out and sent up the supply chain just
before a part is put into a car, effectively requesting another of the same part. This enables the
business to maintain a lean inventory and avoid stocking superfluous assets.