1.

Philosophy – Study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered
as an academic discipline. (Oxford Dictionary)

2. Philosophy of Law – branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of law, especially in its relation to
human values, attituteds, practices, and political communities. (Brittanica)

3. Law – rule of conduct formulated and made obligatory by legitimate power of the state. (Agpalo)

4. Political Law – Is the branch of public law which deals with the organization and operation of the
governmental organs of the state and defines the relations of the State with the inhabitants of its territory.
(Isagani and Carlo Cruz)

5. Labor Law -

6. Labor and Social Legislation – Labor legislation refers to laws, statutes, rules, regulations and
jurisprudence which set employment standards and govern the relations between capital and labor. (Prof.
Joselito Chan/Chan Robles)

7. Civil Law – It is that mass of precepts that determine and regulate the relations of assistance, authority, and
obedience among members of a family, and those which exist among members of a society for the
protection of private interest.

8. Taxation Law – is the branch of law that imposes a charge or burden upon persons, properties, or rights to
raise revenues for the use and support of the government to enable it to discharge its appropriate functions.
(Ateneo Central Bar Operation 2007 Review)

9. Mercantile Law – AKA Commercial Law; is that branch of private law, which regulates the juridical
relations arising from commercial acts. (Ateneo Central Bar Operation 2007 Review)

10. Criminal Law – a branch or division of law which define crimes, treats of their nature, and provides for
their punishment. (Reyes)

11. Remedial Law – Law that provides a new or different remedy when the existing remedy is inadequate.
(Black 10th Law Dictionary)
 12. Legal Ethics – The standards of professional conduct applicable to members of the legal profession within a
given jurisdiction. (Black 10th Law Dictionary)

13. Statute – is an act of the legislature as an organized body, expressed in the form, and passed according to
procedure required to constitute it as part of the law of the land. (agpalo)

14. Bill – a proposed legislative measure introduced by a member or members of the congress for enactment
into law. (agpalo)

15. Republic Act – is a piece of legislation used to create policy in order to carry out the principles of the
constitution. (officialgazette.ph)

16. Jurisprudence – is the study of the general or fundamental elements of a particular legal system. (Black 10th
Law Dictionary)

17. Constitution – a system of fundamental laws for the governance and administration of a nation. (Agpalo)

Sources of Philippine Law: (LegRes)

1. Constitution

2. Statutes

3. Judicial Decisions

4. Customs and Traditions

5. Opinion of Legal Luminaries

6. Administrative Rules and Regulations

7. International Law

What are the classifications of law? - (UP Law Bar Operation Commission 2013)

1. Substantive Law – law that creates, defines, and regulates the right concerning the life, liberty, and
property, or powers of agencies, or instrumentalities for the administration of public affairs.

2. Procedural law – provides a method of enforcing the rights established by substantive law
Who is a Lawyer? (ACB 2007)

(A Lawyer is …)
1. Who passed the Bar examinations

2. Taken an oath

3. Registered in the role of Atty.

4. Received his certificate of license to practice law from the Clerk of Court of the Supreme Court

What is practice of Law? (ACB 2007)

- means any activity, in or out of the court, which requires the application of law, legal procedure, knowledge,
training and application.

What is the difference between a Lawyer and a Philosopher?

What are the REQUIREMENTS to practice law in the Philippines? (Rule 138 - Rules of Court)

Section 1. Who may practice law. — Any person heretofore duly admitted as a member of the bar, or hereafter
admitted as such in accordance with the provisions of this rule, and who is in good and regular standing, is entitled
to practice law.

May a Law student practice law in the Philippines? (138 - A - Rules of Court)

Section 1. Conditions for student practice. — A law student who has successfully completed his 3rd year of the
regular four-year prescribed law curriculum and is enrolled in a recognized law school's clinical legal education
program approved by the Supreme Court, may appear without compensation in any civil, criminal or administrative
case before any trial court, tribunal, board or officer, to represent indigent clients accepted by the legal clinic of the
law school.

Lawyer’s Oath:

I, (Name), do solemnly swear that I will maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines, I will support its
constitution and obey the laws as well as the legal orders of the duly constituted authorities therein; I will do no
falsehood, nor consent to the doing of any in court; I will not wittingly or willingly promote or sue any groundless,
false, or unlawful suit, nor give aid nor consent to the same; I will delay no man for money or malice, and will
conduct myself as a Lawyer according to the best of my knowledge and discretion, with all good fidelity as well to
the court as to my clients; and I impose upon myself these voluntary obligations without mental reservation or
purpose of evasion. So help me God.
Duties of Attorneys:

(a) To maintain allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and to support the Constitution and obey the laws of the
Philippines.

(b) To observe and maintain the respect due to the courts of justice and judicial officers;

(c) To counsel or maintain such actions or proceedings only as appear to him to be just, and such defenses only as he
believes to be honestly debatable under the law.

(d) To employ, for the purpose of maintaining the causes confided to him, such means only as are consistent with
truth and honor, and never seek to mislead the judge or any judicial officer by an artifice or false statement of fact or
law;

(e) To maintain inviolate the confidence, and at every peril to himself, to preserve the secrets of his client, and to
accept no compensation in connection with his client's business except from him or with his knowledge and
approval;

(f) To abstain from all offensive personality and to advance no fact prejudicial to the honor or reputation of a party
or witness, unless required by the justice of the cause with which he is charged;

(g) Not to encourage either the commencement or the continuance of an action or proceeding, or delay any man's
cause, from any corrupt motive or interest;

(h) Never to reject, for any consideration personal to himself, the cause of the defenseless or oppressed;

(i) In the defense of a person accused of crime, by all fair and honorable means, regardless of his personal opinion as
to the guilt of the accused, to present every defense that the law permits, to the end that no person may be deprived
of life or liberty, but by due process of law.

4-Fold Duties of Attorneys

1. Duty to Court

2. Duty to his client

3. Duty to his colleagues

4. Duty to public