21-22. Statistical Math Part 2 (2 Week Booklet)

Yr 7 Accelerated Mathematics
Class Notes
Statistical Math
Part 2
Last edited: 18/04/2018

Year 7 Accelerated Math
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Copyright © SIGI Learners 2018
1. Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution graph is more like a table. It shows us the frequency of occurrences in data.
It is pretty similar to a Stem & Leaf.
Above is a typical example of a frequency distribution.

There is also usually a TALLY column which
Be aware that the data types shown can also be ranges. However this will make the information you are
able to interpret from the data vaguer and less useful.
Important Features
❖ Title.
❖ Data type and frequency clearly shown.
❖ Primarily for discrete data.
❖ Arranged in order.
❖ (sometimes) –TALLY column
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❖ CHECK – make sure that the total in the frequency matches the total number of figures you just
counted.
Question
Is this way of representing data more suitable for discrete or continuous data?
______________________________
Example
You are trying to show the marks obtained in a science test of a typical Year 8 class. Think carefully about
how to plot the data type.
Draw a frequency distribution based on the following data.
The following is a set of scored obtained from MATH1141, the advanced maths course at UNSW.
Please organise it into a neat Frequency Distribution Table
<5 4 8 3 4 1 8 6 5 3 1 2 4 5 6 2 4 7 9 6 5 3 2 1 5 8 9 8 9 7 5 6 5 6 4 7 5 2 1 3 9 5 9 8>
Question
Based on your frequency distribution, are you able to tell what the average mark is?
______________
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2. Scatter Plots
Recall that line graphs allow us to compare data relative to each other. Another way of doing this is using
Scatter plots. Scatter plots are like the dot plot versions of line graphs.
The above example shows us the weight vs the height of certain individuals. Every dot represents one
individual.
Sometimes a line of best fit can be drawn which can help in analysing data. This line of best fit is a straight
line that goes through as many dots as possible.
Important Features
❖ Title.
❖ Labelled horizontal and vertical axes.
❖ Only for discrete data.
❖ Individual dots labelled if low amount of data.
❖ Line of best fit drawn is optional
Quick Exercise
Outline the major features which are missing in the above example. Draw what the example SHOULD look
like with the correct important features in it.
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Example
The local ice cream shop keeps track of how much ice cream they sell versus the noon temperature on that
day. Draw a scatter plot for the following data.
Temperature °C Ice Cream Sales

14.2° $215
16.4° $325
15.2° $332
18.5° $406
22.1° $522
23.4° $544
18.1° $421
22.6° $445
17.2° $408
5 | Page
3. Analysing Data
Once data has been collected and sorted. The next step is to analyse it. However to do that, there are some
terms that need to be understood first.
Note
The focus for this week is to learn terms and familiarise ourselves with the last type of graphs. Next week
you will have plenty of practice analysing data.
3.1 Range
The range is a representation of the spread of data.
Put simply;
Range = Highest Score – Lowest Score
Note
Range is technically under the sub heading of spread which will be discussed further in Year 9, introducing
terms like standard deviation.
3.2 Mean
The mean is just the average.
Put simply;
Sum of Scores
M ean = N umber of Scores
3.3 Mode
The mode or sometimes referred as the modal number is the score with the highest frequency.
Example
What is the mode or modal number in the following data?
1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,6,6
_______________
Note
There can be multiple modes in any data. For example in 1,1,1,2,3,3,3. Both 1 and 3 are both modal
numbers.
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3.4 Median
The median is the middle score after the scores have been ranked in ascending order.
Example
What is the median in the following data?
17,23,27,45,66,79,92
_______________
Note
When there is an even number of scores, we use the average of the two middle scores to find the median.
3.5 Quartiles
A quartile is essentially the median of a median. Since its “Quart” this relates to quarters, and thus there is
only 1st Quartile, 2nd Quartile (median) and the 3rd Quartile.
Using the above data from the median, find the 1st and 3rd Quartiles
3.6 Interquartile Range

The general accepted rule for the interquartile range is essentially:
3rd Quartile – 1st Quartile
Why is this important? Have a look at the next section:
3.7 Outliers
Outliers are generally considered anomaly in the observation process. Outliers are usually defined as
observation points that are outside of 1.5 times the Interquartile Range. The easiest way to see this is with
a Box-n-Whisker Plot.
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4. Inferring & Extrapolating
Inferring is where we find a value inside

our set of data points.
Here we use the line of best fit to

estimate the sales at 21 °C.
Extrapolation is where we find a

valueoutside our set of data points.
Here we use linear extrapolation to

estimate the sales at 29 °C (which is
higher than any value we have).
Note
Extrapolation is not accurate as it is only true if the same trend continues. Both these techniques are only
prominent in line graphs and scatter plots.
There is also another term called correlation. This is how closely the data is linked. This can be described as
high, low, negative and positive.
Review Questions
1. What is the difference between a sample and a census?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
8 | Page
2. You have been asked to conduct a survey at your high school to find the total amount of time students
spend on homework each week. Briefly explain why each of these samples is biased.
a) Interview the top five academic students in Year 8
b) Select five girls from the hockey team.
c) Choose five of your friends.
3. TV current affairs programs often run an optional poll (yes/no/undecided) on some political issue. Why
are the results not always reflective of the general community?
4. Which of the following are discrete and which are continuous?
a) List of colours ___________________
b) Height (cm) ___________________
c) Temperature ___________________
d) Australian State/Territory ___________________
9 | Page
5. The following are marks out of a possible 10 by a class in a weekly test:
8, 6, 5, 7, 7, 4, 6, 9, 7, 5, 7, 6, 8, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5
a) What were the highest and lowest scores? _______________
b) Sort this data into a frequency distribution table with column headings: score, tally and
frequency.
c) Calculate the number of students who sat the weekly test. _______________
d) Which is the mode? _______________
e) How many students scored 8 or more? _______________
f) Calculate the median from these scores. _______________
10 | Page
6. Calculate what is asked in the following.
a) The average mass of four Year 8 students is 38 kg. What is their total mass?
_______________
b) The average of 12, 16, 18 and x is 15. Find the value of x. _______________
c) Jeremy has an average of 70% for the first four maths tests what percentage must he obtain in
the fifth test to obtain an overall average of 74%?
_______________
7. Find the mean, 1st Quartile and 3rd Quartile of;
48, 49, 50, 53, 50, 51, 47, 49, 52, 51, 53, 47
___________________
8. The local fire station recorded the time (in minutes) it took to respond to a call. The results for one
Friday were listed as below.
7, 30, 11, 8, 12, 15, 18, 12, 13
a) Find the range of these response times. ___________________
b) Find the median response time. ___________________
c) Find the modal time. ___________________
d) Find the mean time. ___________________
e) Which of the mean, median or mode gives the best indication of the number of minutes for this
station to respond to a call
___________________
f) The score 30 minutes is called an outlier. Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
11 | Page
9. Answer the following regarding the distribution table provided.
a) Complete the frequency distribution table with a f x column.
b) Find the range of the temperature. _______________
c) Calculate the mode, mean, and median temperature. _______________
_______________
_______________
d) Which of the measures mean, mode or median is the best indicator of the temperature?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10. The frequency histogram provided, lists the number of occupants in the cars that pass by an
intersection.
a) Find the range. _______________
b) Find the mode. _______________
c) Find the median. _______________
d) How many cars were counted in the survey? _______________
e) Calculate the mean. _______________
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11. In the back to back stem and leaf plot provided, it shows the amount of money spent by a group of
students during an excursion to the zoo.
a) How many students spent $120? _______________
b) How many students spent less than $10? _______________
c) What was the most common amount spent? _______________
d) Find the median of the boys expenditure. _______________
e) Calculate the mean of the whole class. _______________
f) Calculate the boys and girls means separately. What can you conclude?
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
12. Ten new members joined a weight-loss club on the same day. They were weighed on the first day and
again exactly one month later and the results were recorded as provided.
a) Draw a scatter plot for these two data sets.
13 | Page
b) Describe your scatter plot, in terms of high, low, negative or positive correlation.
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
c) Predict the weight loss in one month for a person weighing 110 kg if they join the club.
_______________
d) If the present weight of another person who went through the same one month program is 85
kg, predict what his original weight was.
_______________
e) Identify any outliers. _______________
14 | Page
Box and Whisker Plot

Plot the following numbers into a box a whisker plot, showing clearly:
a) Range
b) Mode
c) Mean
d) Median
e) 1st Quartile
f) 3rd Quartile
g) Interquartile Range (IQR)
h) Highlight any outliers
181 62 94 80 9
34 82 7 54 12
60 44 202 -6 45
-84 13 14 49 13
6 31 87 34 431
15 | Page

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Yr 7 Accelerated Mathematics

Last edited: 18/04/2018

It is pretty similar to a Stem & Leaf.

Above is a typical example of a frequency distribution.

Draw a frequency distribution based on the following data.

Please organise it into a neat Frequency Distribution Table

Temperature °C Ice Cream Sales

Range = Highest Score – Lowest Score

What is the mode or modal number in the following data?

What is the median in the following data?

3.6 Interquartile Range

3rd Quartile – 1st Quartile

Why is this important? Have a look at the next section:

4. Inferring & Extrapolating

Inferring is where we find a value inside

Here we use the line of best fit to

Extrapolation is where we find a

Here we use linear extrapolation to

1. What is the difference between a sample and a census?

a) Interview the top five academic students in Year 8

b) Select five girls from the hockey team.

c) Choose five of your friends.

4. Which of the following are discrete and which are continuous?

a) List of colours ___________________

b) Height (cm) ___________________

d) Australian State/Territory ___________________

5. The following are marks out of a possible 10 by a class in a weekly test:

a) What were the highest and lowest scores? _______________

d) Which is the mode? _______________

e) How many students scored 8 or more? _______________

f) Calculate the median from these scores. _______________

6. Calculate what is asked in the following.

7. Find the mean, 1​st​ Quartile and 3​rd​ Quartile of;

7, 30, 11, 8, 12, 15, 18, 12, 13

a) Find the range of these response times. ___________________

b) Find the median response time. ___________________

c) Find the modal time. ___________________

d) Find the mean time. ___________________

9. Answer the following regarding the distribution table provided.

a) Complete the frequency distribution table with a f x column.

b) Find the range of the temperature. _______________

c) Calculate the mode, mean, and median temperature. _______________

a) Find the range. _______________

b) Find the mode. _______________

c) Find the median. _______________

d) How many cars were counted in the survey? _______________

e) Calculate the mean. _______________

a) How many students spent $120? _______________

b) How many students spent less than $10? _______________

c) What was the most common amount spent? _______________

d) Find the median of the boys expenditure. _______________

e) Calculate the mean of the whole class. _______________

a) Draw a scatter plot for these two data sets.

e) Identify any outliers. _______________

Box and Whisker Plot

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