SAYISAL ARET LEME

M. Kemal GLL

erik
Giri Ayrk Zamanl aretler Ayrk Zamanl Sistemler aret ve Sistemlerin Frekans Uzay Analizi Srekli Zaman aretlerin Ayrk Zamanl lenmesi aret ve Sistemlerin Z-Dnm Analizi Saysal Szge Tasarm

Kaynaklar
Sarp Ertrk, Saysal aret leme, 2. Bask, Birsen Yaynevi, ISBN:9755113096, 2005. J.G. Proakis, D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, Principles, Algorithms and Applications, 4th Edition, Prentice-Hall International, ISBN: 0131873741, 2006. A.V. Oppenheim, R.W Schafer, "Discrete-Time Signal Processing", Second Edition, PrenticeHall, New Jersey, ISBN: 013083443-2, 1999.

Amalanan
Ayrk zamanl iaretler ve sistemlerin temellerini, Farksal eitlikler ve sistem fonksiyonlarn, Fourier ve Z dnmlerini, Ayrk Fourier dnm ve hzl dnm hesabn, rnekleme ve geriatma ile ilgili nemli konular, Saysal szgeler, tipleri ve aralarndaki ilikiyi, Saysal iaret ilemede Matlab kullanmn anlamak ve uygulama yetenei kazandrmak.

aret Nedir?
Bilgi tayan fonksiyon. Matematiksel olarak bamsz deiken(ler)e bal fonksiyondur. rn; zamana bal bir ses iareti, konuma bal 2-boyutlu bir imge. Aksi belirtilmedii srece ortak kural, bamsz deiken zamandr.

rnek aretler
Ses (konuma): zamana bal deien 1boyutlu iaret (s(t)). Gri tonlu imge: uzaya bal 2-boyutlu iaret (i(x,y)). Video: uzay ve zamana bal 3-boyutlu iaret (f(x,y,t)).

aretler
Bamsz deiken srekli/ayrk olabilir.
Srekli zamanl iaretler Ayrk zamanl iaretler (zamanda ayrk, genlikte srekli)

Genlik srekli/ayrk olabilir.

Analog iaret: zaman ve genlik srekli Saysal iaret: zaman ve genlik ayrk

aretler
aret

Analog

Saysal

Srekli zamanl

Ayrk zamanl

Nicemleyici

aretler

Analog input analog output

Digital recording of music Touch tone phone dialing Text to speech Compression of a file on computer

Analog input digital output Digital input analog output Digital input digital output

are leme
aret leme Analog aret leme Saysal aret leme Kark aret leme

Saysal aret leme (Digital Signal Processing DSP)

Analog aret rnekle ve Tut A/D evirici Saysal aret leme

Analog k

Analog AGS

D/A evirici

Uygulama Alanlar
Ses uygulamalar
Compression, enhancement, special effects, synthesis, recognition, echo cancellation Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-tospeech

Haberleme
Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver

Otomotiv
ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking

Uygulama Alanlar
Tp
Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram

Askeri
Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, remote sensing

mge ve Video Uygulamalar

DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing

Mekanik
Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting

DSP Art Ynleri

Accuracy can be controlled by choosing word length Repeatable (same operation in a different time) Sensitivity to component tolerance and electrical noise are minimal (robustness) Time multiplexing (different operations in same time) Dynamic range can be controlled using floating point numbers Flexibility can be achieved with software implementations (adaptive parameters) Non-linear and time-varying operations are easier to implement Digital storage is cheap Digital information can be encrypted for security Price/performance and reduced time-to-market Provide very low frequency operations

DSP Eksi Ynleri

Sampling causes loss of information A/D and D/A requires mixed-signal hardware (increased complexity) Limited speed of processors Quantization and round-off errors Frequency range (limited to sampling rate) Unsuitable for simple low power, applications (high power dissipation of DSP)

rnek (rtme)
Saniyede 30 ereve (30fps) grnt alan kamera Deiken hzl dnen fazr

Quote:
Optimist: The glass is half full Pessimist: The glass is half empty Engineer: That glass is twice as large as it needs to be