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    As Chemistry 2018 Paper 1 Model Answers A

    Uploaded by

    Anaz Rahman

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AQA# Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Candidate number ‘Sumame Forename(s) Candidate signature AS CHEMISTRY Paper 1 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Tuesday 22 May 2018 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials - For this paper you must have: Foc Berinere ee * the Periodic Table/Data Sheet, provided as an insert (enclosed) Question ‘Mark + aruler with millimetre measurements 1 * ascientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. a Instructions 2 + Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 4 * Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. [5 * Answer all questions. rs + You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside — the box around each page or on blank pages. 7 * All working must be shown, 3 * Do alll rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be [—g marked. Section & Information TOTAL + The marks for questions are shown in brackets. * The maximum mark for this paper is 80. Advice + You are advised to spend about 65 minutes on Section A and 25 minutes on Section B. JUNTS7 4041014 7404/1 Dons wee 2 ‘outside the Section A ‘Answer all questions in this section. ol4 This question is about atomic structure. In the nineteenth century JJ Thomson discovered the electron. He suggested that negative electrons were found throughout an atom like ‘plums in a pudding of positive charge’ Figure 1 shows an atom of element R using the ‘plum pudding’ model. An atom of R contains seven electrons. Toot Figure 1 electrons, 0[14].[4] State two differences between the ‘plum pudding’ model and the model of atomic structure used today. [2 marks] 1 he corcent model contains a pvdeos. ahe current model has the electreas artenged in ocbitals. tains 9 et NHS 0[1).[2] Deduce the full electron configuration of an atom of element R. [1 mark} Is? 2 mg [4 marks] ppm Turn over > renwuunseraoets ute ie 2].[2] Sodium fluoride is toxic in high concentrations. Major health problems can occur if concentrations of sodium fluoride are greater than 3.19 x 10g per kilogram of body mass. Deduce the maximum mass of sodium fluoride, in mg, that a 75.0 kg person could swallow without reaching the toxic concentration. 31410" 26 1600 = 314ng x 45-0 > 2342Smy 9 Guweoo) my | [4 mark] Mass of sodium fluoride. mg 0]2|-[3] The concentration of sodium fluoride in a prescription toothpaste is 2800 ppm. Use your answer to Question 02.2 to deduce the mass of toothpaste, in kg, that a 75.0 kg person could swallow without reaching the toxic concentration. [1 mark] 23S _ 0-854, emember that | 2300 = — ffm = mglty so units: here are Hhe Same! | Mass of toothpaste, kg reunser4oait 04 5 Do ratte ae —_ te [ | Identify the diagram in Figure 2 that shows the correct relative sizes of the ions in sodium fluoride. | Justi your answer. [3 marks] | Figure 2 | A B c | | Diagram B | usttteaton _Chovgh both Nat and £- have te | Same election configurchion (Istts%2p9) , the Nat has | More protonS anh teetore the Positive nvcteus @ tects j | the _ovter Shell clectans mor closely. ™ Turn over for the next question | | | | | i ee | Turn over > ‘ausunteranees 8 (Do not wit, ‘iene ee to A student heated a solid sample of Na,COs. xH,0 for 1 minute to remove water and determine a value for x Figure 3 shows the apparatus used. Table 1 shows the results recorded. Figure 3 NagCO3. xH,0 | | heat | | Table 4 | Mass of empty evaporating basin 24.359 | Mass of evaporating basin and solid before heating 25.479 Mass of evaporating basin and solid after heating for 1 minute 24.92 q 0]3]-[1] Use the data in Table 1 to calculate a value for.x in the formula Na,COs. xH.0 | Give your answer to 2 decimal places. } | with water [5 marks] 15-44-1435 2 (12g oF Solik 1544 - 24-42 = 0°8Sg OF oe sg > OS4g oF 5" OSE . 0-305 13 ror ho O-036S z a 4 oO a S37 SIP a f: S84 | dP) | or |: 5 © | | | Value fore 06 tennvsunsaraners 7 Donat une ‘uta to bor 013|-[2] The correct value for:vis 10 Suggest a reason for the difference between the experimental value for x and the correct value. (If you were unable to calculate an experimental value for x assume it was 8.05. This is not the correct experimental value.) [1 mark] Did act bet said 40g qashat macs. Some water way Sail crystlired in Soli a 0[3].[3] Suggest how the procedure could be improved, using the same apparatus, to give a more accurate value forx Justify your answer. [2 marks] | | ‘Suggestion Heat to a Constant macs | | sustification {his ensues all of the wate Ss removed. | | | | “a | j {ro | | | | 7 Turn over for the next question | Po J a7 Turn over > 6 8 O Add ue : Nao4 will fizz, others will net. O® _ @ Aid water te et hoventle & Silsbion. Now add @ Do natunte 8 ours ne toe ‘Separate unlabelled solid samples of three anhydrous sodium compounds are provided for a student to identify. These compounds are known to be sodium carbonate, sodium fluoride and sodium chloride but it is not known which sample is which. | Outline a logical sequence of test-tube reactions that the student could carry out to identify each of these compounds. Include the observations the student would expect to make. Give equations, including state symbols, for any reactions that would take place. [6 marks] Silver nitrate (AgNoz): NaCl will give awhite ge. NaF will not give 4 ppb. Holey) + NaWsg —> Nollie Cos H20@ AgNOs cagy + NaCLcag, —> Nanos cor) + Ag ue Ag Nos cos) + Nafeagy) —>NaNds cag) + Ag cap) ronvunsaraaais 10 10 This quest is about equilibrium. Sulfur trioxide decomposes to form sulfur dioxide and oxygen at temperature Ty according to the equilibrium shown. 280,(g) = 280.(g) + Og) AH = +196 kJ mol The graph in Figure 4 shows the concentrations of sulfur trioxide and of oxygen over a period of 6 minutes at temperature T; Figure 4 | Concentration Jmol dm-s 0-2 Time / min State the time, to the nearest minute, when equilibrium is first established. Explain your answer. [2 marks] Time 3 minutes | Boplanation ibis the point when concentahons of Ox anh S02 are _conttné. vexnuuunseraoats Do rotunie 1" | ‘Sketch on the graph in Figure 4 how the concentration of sulfur dioxide changes over | these 6 minutes at temperature T, ; 13 (doe dve to starts @ origin ~ lever ott @ 0-8 (AoA Nee) amar} egutivn) ‘The temperature of the mixture was changed to T; and the mixture left to establish a In the new equilibrium mixture the concentration of sulfur trioxide was foundtobe 0.07 mol dm~ Deduce which of T; and Tp is the higher temperature. | Explain your deduction, | [2 marks] Higher temperature M2 Explanation Gquilibrivm Shifled 4p the right oroduin less S04 as the forward reaction was endothermic andl ea. position is ognesies the increake in tempertwre. | ‘ute the Turn over for the next quest | | 1 | Turn over > renuunterao4 2 aos ol6 A student determined the relative molecular mass, M,, of an unknown volatile liquid ¥ | in an experiment as shown in Figure 5. | The student used a hypodermic syringe to inject a sample of liquid Y into a gas syringe in an oven. At the temperature of the oven, liquid Y vaporised. The student's results are shown in Table 2. Figure 5 | hypodermic syringe | Lr L | volatile liquid Y ‘gas syringe | heated oven | | Table 2 | | Mass of hypodermic syringe and liquid Y before injection 10.91 g | | | Mass of hypodermic syringe and liquid Y after injection 10.70 g | (Oven temperature 98.1°C | Atmospheric pressure 102 kPa | Increase in volume in gas syringe after injection of Y 85.0 cm* Define the term relative molecular mass (M,). Use the experimental results in Table 2 to determine the retative molecular mass of Y. The gas constant R = 8.31 JK" mol” [5 marks] Ahe weighted. average masses of the molecules on & Scale where a carbon-\2 atom Was a mass of enactly 12 . Ok = =O: 2 fi C= tove.000) 40-4 - 10-40 = O-2lg = ¥ wee. st fvenRT PV in 102000 x $5510 sa | 63 $31 x 34 ya? "Cok pc 2-B1n10" mole: moss. Mr “moles: O2\g = 74% en = 2-81xlo Some of the liquid injected did not evaporate because it dripped into the gas syringe nozzle outside the oven. Explain how this would affect the value of the M, of ¥ calculated from the experimental results. | [2 marks] Ahis would covse _G lower volome to be recoded and then the Me calwlated would be greater then the | Cea\_Mer, & he Calculetion celies on volome - if aot eucpted| __vobme wad be bwer, giving a sirsller no. of macs God _hene 6 lewser Me. (MM Turn over eauuntaraoaes Chlorine is used to decrease the numbers of microorganisms in water. | When chlorine is added to water, there is a redox reaction, as shown by the equation Gie+ HO & HOI + Hct Deduce the oxidation state of chlorine in HCLO and the oxidation state of chlorine in ne [t mark] Oxidation state of chlorine in HClO. _+L Oxidation state of chlorine in HCL _= | | Give two half-equations to show the oxidation and reduction processes that occur in this redox reaction. [2 marks] Bemenbecte elas Oxidation hattequation _2i,0+ CL, —7 2HCLO + 2e~ + Zut chars y Hep He sank Ho) Reduction hatf-equation 2H" Cly + Ze» JHC __ Chlorine is reacted with cold, aqueous sodium hydroxide in the manufacture of bleach. Give an equation for this reaction between chlorine and sodium hydroxide. Mus} revise cad Comember blesch cquchions - [1 mark] QNooW + Cle —? Natl + Naclo+ 4:0 reauuunteranas Do naw 15 maa 0|7|-[4] The concentration of CLO” ions in bleach solution can be found by reaction with iodide ions. ‘The overall equation for this reaction is shown. | Clo + ar + 2H > bb + Cr+ HO ‘A sample of bleach solution was found to contain ClO~ions with a concentration of 0.0109 mol dm~ Potassium iodide is added to 20.0 cm’ portion of this bleach solution. Calculate the mass, injmg) of potassium iodide needed to react with all of the | ClO“ ions in the sample of bleach. Give your answer to the appropriate number of significant figures. Give one observation during this reaction, [4 marks] Cones mel conex vol smel — 0-0104 200). 1.13 x10 Ymales vol 000. DIG 2 5 436 x(o™%mles oF TL moles = Mash — melernmrsmass | ois me | 436x104 x 166 * OOFZ x 1000 * F2-4mg / “ —— j kez he | Mass of potassiumiodide FP 2"4 mg Observation _ Blackc pot. Forme a Not $rown (pb. f Harsh bot Hey reserve this for Bromine. Question 7 continues on the next page Turn over > remunrr4ca Enthalpy change. kJ mor 16 ‘cuss ne . 7 ee to Potassium chiorate(VIl), KClO,, is used in fireworks. When potassium chlorate(VIl) decomposes, it produces potassium chloride and oxygen. Give an equation for the decomposition of potassium chlorate(VIl). | Use the data in Table 3 to calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction. [2 marks] | Table 3 | Substance | AH! kJ mor KCIO.(s) 434 KCUs) ~436 ih Gives goo the CC aut Se only gion id is Ba! Atco decomp Equation KCLOqg ——> |XCL +/O2 mass bres dun. ‘emduntaraoais 17 Do ratte eure he - oe to i A sample of bromine was analysed in a time of fight (TOF) mass spectrometer and | found to contain two isotopes, “Br and *'Br | After electron impact ionisation, all of the ions were accelerated to the same | kinetic energy (KE) and then travelled through a flight tube that was 0.950 m long. | 0[8].[4] The Br ions took 6.69 x 10“ to travel through the flight tube. | Calculate the mass, in kg, of one ion of “Br* | Calculate the time taken for the *'Br’ ions to travel through the same flight tube. | | The Avogadro constant, 1 = 6.022 x 10” mol” | KE = 3 my? where m= mass (kg) and v= speed (m s“) | ve H where d= distance (m) and t= time (s) | [5 marks] | er te KE for all ions | ie game, Gotv is ditlent. 2, | ve ve oifen > 1410-03 mis for B fink v For Bet 6-64n10"% Fer Ohad ane asst “ eu © wee ké-4Limxv* FA. 0-074. -25 pWe Z ie” 21-3 I2x(0 Ghee. Cats Brome anf gee Kez 0-6 x 13120 . 1420-037 KE= 1.8228 x0" na Ff, | SL 26.081 omit | 1900 © — 2 (1345S xl0 | 601.0 one ton of BAM | waa [ f322emie™ = 14.02-23mis 2 6-70 NOS x base = ‘ T3p* a28 | Mass of one ion of Br" [-32x\0- kg | Time taken by *'Br* ions_6-#25x(0"% s | L _ eae a | Turn over > rontwuntezao4n im 18 Explain how ions are detected and relative abundance is measured in a TOF mass spectrometer. [2 marks] Ahe ion bits the detector which then gains an ele chan his tnoemenk of elections is a cewreat and it is Qrogortiong| to the abundang af tle ions More ions larger the currant. ‘ausuntaracais This question is about compounds containing fluorine. [3]|[4] Draw the shape of a molecule of krypton difluoride (KrF2). Include in your answer any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape. Name the shape produced by the atoms in a KrF; molecule and suggest a bond angle. [3 ks] krarce 3. Z bonds. No chara. - [3 marks] | qe %- we ry j +2 5 .*, Zbond pairs pre Vinee OF | . B lone pairs matt | exam 9 Aa oe welt wl” igpal | Name ofshape _ Linear Bond angle 180° 0] 91].[2] There are two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom in a molecule of oxygen difluoride (OF). in oxygen difluoride. [2 marks] Lone pasts of electtons rege! more than bond peics._| dhis ceduces the size of the bend angle -whichuad | fely 104-5° be aggre C f mat Explain how the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen atom influence the bond angle Turn over > To renuunterao4 20 Denote 20 Intermolecular forces in Sit, _Van der Waals, Explanation _(Vlolecte iS Covalent only weele Imes Detween melewtes no hydrogen bunds be cause fo Oxugen, nitrogen of Plorine No Permanent dipoles aS differene between clectonesetivites of Si and is got lace enough. Vd.w’s arise From tempore —E auising Fron trovement ab lectins anh these te i a _ ind nn another milecule, . i he a oe = ps acscmy Se 0[9]-[3] Silicon tetrafluoride (SiF.) is a tetrahedral molecule. Dedutce the type of intermolecular forces in SiF. Explain how this type of intermolecular force arises and why no other type of intermolecular force exists in a sample of SiF [3 marks] ‘ausansaracais 22 Doratwnte Section B ‘Answer all questions in this section. | (Only one answer per question is allowed, \ For each answer completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer. conmecruerico [©] wrcnsuemons [@]@]a]S] Ifyou want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown. aC Ifyou wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select. as shown. (ach | | You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked. | Oo not use additional sheets for this working. | [410] which row shows the bonding in ammonium chloride? Covalent | (Dative Ionic | A v « x S | B v v x [=] c v v [=] | D x * v = 1|14] How many protons are there in 6.0 g of nitrogen gas? Avogadro constant, L = 6.022 x 10® mor £2 20-214 mder of Ne | | 26 [1 mark] | O-Lile 2 6-022R10°F | A 13x10" Ss 2 124 Ho? molester B 9.0x 107 oS Ny 2 6 fetes j © 18x 10" = | D 3.6 x 10™ s | 22 lamiuunseraowis 23 Do roturte What is the property? [1 mark] A Atomic radius | B Electronegativity = | First ionisation energy S | | D Melting point = 413] 4.30 cm sample of nitrogen was reacted with a 60 cm® sample of fluorine according to the equation 4ns@) + 3Fx@) + NFx(o) No + 3F, — anfs What is the volume of the gas mixture after the reaction, at constant temperature and 4 loc of Nr = Som? hl | 2 | pressure ot mus Bet | | Cc ee [1 mark] | | A 20cm S | £ Limiting cecctent | | B 30cm* =] fae ncady Zocal toe thes ‘Cedi eri ZS] (hod of Na lett over) | | D 50cm* =] Now | | 60. 22 4oend of NF3 mete | 3 | Turn over > 23 venwuunseraocts 24 ‘Which substance is used to reduce titanium(IV) chloride in the extraction of titanium metal? [1 mark] Tilly 2] Mgh, 7; ‘A Magnesium = Dmg i Ral ong thea B Manganese = © Vanadium = D Zine = Which statement about barium sulfate is correct? [1 mark] A tis soluble in water at a temperature of 100°C. = i (Gave B Itis used in medicine because it does not dissolve in body fluids. | [= C Itis a pale yellow solid. = D Itreacts with acidified barium chloride solution. = | Which statement is correct about the reaction between concentrated sulfuric acid and solid sodium bromide? | [1 mark] A Bromide ions are reduced. = B Hydrogen bromide and sulfur are formed. € Sulfuric acid acts as an oxidising agent. D Bromine and hydrogen sulfide are formed. HrS0q + NaBr —9 NatiSoy 4 Be 2uBe + H1S0q —» Br ¥ S02 + 2420 rae seraoait Do roturte ‘ute ne or 2 mat = | | 1[7] Which compound is used to treat the symptoms of indigestion? cast Stomech act [mark] ges igcou)e is | A MgO. = needed (allecti) | B Mg(OH), = | © CaO = | | D Ca(OH), 2 | 1[8] Which element has the highest first ionisation energy? [1 mark] | A Aluminium = | B Phosphorus = sist | D Sulfur ZS] — mort protons But repulsion in p o/Bih | ye easier then phophows', | | [418] A solution of volume 500 cm? contains 150 g of ammonia. | | | ‘What is the concentration, in mol dm”, of ammonia in this solution? [1 mark}, | | 1509 = | -G24-moles | A0St “a > | BBG. 16S moth” | B 8.82 Ss Goofjo0) = ———T c 167 S | D176 = | | Lo Turn over > 25 28 on Refer to the following information when answering Questions 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24. A student devised an experiment to find the concentration of sulfuric acid in a sample of battery acid. * Ameasuring cylinder was used to transfer 10 cm of battery acid to a volumetric flask. Distilled water was added to the volumetric flask until the volume reached 250 cm? | A 25.0 om® sample of diluted acid was transferred from the volumetric flask toa | conical flask using a pipette. | + A few drops of methyl orange indicator were added to the acid in the conical flask before titrating the acid with sodium hydroxide. | ‘+The titration was repeated five times but concordant results were not obtained. | (Note: Methyl orange is red in acid and yellow in alkali.) | 2[0] Which suggestion would improve the chances of obtaining concordant titres? [1 mark] | A Invert the volumeti flask several times after adding the distiled water. [= ] ~€n bapa are Sobobion| 5 Fam consent sition B Wash the pipette with distilled water between each titration. = © Add extra drops of indicator to the sample when nearing the end point [= in each titration. D Use a more concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide in the burette. [S 214] Which suggestion about rinsing the conical flask between each titration would improve the accuracy of the titrations? [t mark] A Rinsing with acid = B Rinsing with alkali. = 7 us of © Rinsing with water. S] = removes aay resides quid of allel, D Norinsing with any quid. = [S] | 26 zr oiscee a a ee [2] Which suggestion would reduce the overall measurement uncertainty in the titration? [1 mark] A Use less concentrated alkall in the burette. =] 5 gris mesnp the tie ‘pncrenter

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