Composition of matter

Structure of atoms and molecules

Atoms: Definition
• Atoms are the smallest unit of an element.
• They exhibit properties relative to the element.
• It is so minute in size that it cannot even be seen under a microscope.
• The atoms are further subdivided into protons, electrons and neutrons.
 Composition of matter
Structure of atoms and molecules
Properties Of An Atom

Atoms are extremely small and their sizes are measured in nanometers ( 1m = 109 nm).

Molecules: Definition
Molecules are a group of atoms of the same element or different elements bonded
together. Molecules are the smallest unit of a compound. Unlike atoms, they exist in a free
state and are stable. The atoms in a molecule are bonded together by covalent chemical
bonds.
 Composition of matter
Structure of atoms and molecules
Ques: 1 Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of mass?

Ques: 2 Define Atomic Mass Unit.

Ques: 2 Calculate the molecular masses of H2, O2, Cl2, CO2, CH4, C2H6, NH2, CH3OH

Ques:4 What are polyatomic ions? Give examples.

Ques: 5 Give the names of the elements present in the following compounds:
(a) Quick lime
(b) Hydrogen bromide
(c) Baking powder
(d) Potassium sulphate.

Ques.6 Give two drawbacks of Dalton’s atomic theory

Ques.7 How would you differentiate between a molecule of element and a molecule of a compound? Write one example of
each type.

Ques. 8 Define an Isotope.

 Composition of matter
Elements, compounds, and mixtures
 Composition of matter
The periodic table of elements
1. How many elements are there in periodic table?

2. Who created the periodic table and why?

3. What is a group in a periodic table?

4. What are the first 20 elements of periodic table in order?

5. What is modern periodic table explain?

6. Who found the first element of Periodic table?

7. What are the 4 trends of the periodic table?

8. How was the atomic number discovered?

9. How many metals and non-metals are there in 118 elements?

10. What are the 4 blocks on the periodic table?

Properties of matter
Properties of matter
Properties of matter
Properties of matter
Properties of matter